TRƯỜNG TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG LÊ TRUNG KIÊN
TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ
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CÁC CHUYÊN ĐỀ NGỮ PHÁP
ÔN THI THPT
Giáo viên: Nguyễn Phước Diệu Hằng
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: THÌ VÀ SỰ PHỐI HỢP CÁC THÌ
A. CÁC THÌ HIỆN TẠI
Present simple
Present continuous
Present perfect
Present perfect
continuous
1. Thói quen, trng thái
lâu dài
Ex: Peter works for ACB
bank.
2. Hành động định sn
cho tương lai (thời gian
biểu, chương trình, …)
Ex: The train leaves at
4:30 so we need to hurry
up.
3. Quy lut t nhiên, s
tht, ch dn mang tính
khoa hc
Ex: Water boils 212oF.
4. Văn phong t / k
chuyện / tường thut s
vic xy ra trong sách
hoc phim ảnh / tiêu đề
báo chí
Ex1: The lights go out
and the figure tears out of
the villa.
Ex2: At the end of the
film, the father and the
son forgive each other.
1. Hành đng lặp đi lặp
li (gây phin) đc bit s
dng các trng t:
always, forever,
constantly
Ex: You’re always
leaving the cap off the
toothpaste.
2. Hành động đang diễn
ra ti lúc nói, khong thi
gian hin thi
Ex: They’re hunting for a
flat.
3. Kế hoạch xác định
trong tương lai gần
Ex: They’re going on an
excursion tomorrow.
4. Xu hướng phát trin
đương thời
Ex: Oil prices are rising
at present.
5. Hành động khác vi
thói quen thường ngày
Ex: He usually wears
black shoes but today
he’s wearing brown ones.
1. Hành đng va mi
hoàn tt
Ex: She has just painted
her room.
2. Hành động bt đầu
trong quá kh, din ra
đến hin tại, để li kết
qu hin ti.
Exq: He has written 3
books.
Ex2: She has lost the key,
so she has to stay
outdoors.
3. Hành động, tri
nghim trong quá kh
không rõ thi gian
Ex: I have been to Berlin
twice.
4. Hành đng lặp đi lặp
li và vn còn tiếp din
Ex: He has worked as a
teacher for 4 years. (He
is still a teacher.)
1. Hành động xy ra trong
quá khứ, để li kết qu
ràng hin ti
Ex1: She has been painting
her room. (It smells of
paint)
Ex2: I feel tired. I have
been running for nearly
three hours.
2. Hành động xy ra trong
quá khứ, kéo dài đến hin
ti (nhn mnh tính liên tc
/ kéo dài của hành động)
Ex: She’s been waiting for
two hours but there’s still
no sign of him.
3. Hành động gây phin
hoc ngc nhiên
Ex: What have you been
doing to my computer?
Time expressions
Always, usually, often,
sometimes, every day, in
the morning, on Mondays
Now, at present, at the
moment, these days, still,
today, tonight, always,
continually, constantly …
Since, yet, for, already,
just, ever, so far, recently,
lately, still, how long …
since, for, how long, lately,
recently, …
Notes: Stative verbs (Tĩnh động t): Ch trng thái và không bao gi đưc chia tiếp din.
- Senses: see, hear, smell, feel, taste
- Thinking / mental: think, agree, believe, consider, doubt, expect, feel (think)
- Emotion and feeling: feel, forgive, hate, love, loathe, like, dislike, mind, wish …
- Others: appear / seem, have (possess), be, belong, keep (continue), matter, owe, possess, own …
Compare the form of words in the sentences below*
I’m seeing my doctor. Do you see those birds?
Be quiet! I’m thinking. I think you are wrong.
We were having a good time at the party. Now, we have an appartment at the riverside.
HAVE BEEN TO / HAVE BEEN IN / HAVE GONE TO
He has been to Berlin. (He has gone and come back)
He has gone to Berlin. (He hasn’t come back yet)
He has been in Berlin for a year. (He lives there)
B. CÁC THÌ TƯƠNG LAI
Will / shall
Be going to
Future continuous
Future perfect
1. d đoán (không căn
cứ), đề ngh được giúp đ
ai đó, đề ngh lch s, li
hứa, đề xut
Ex1: Perhaps, it will rain.
Ex2: Will you help me
with the dishes?
2. quyết định ti ch (on-
the-spot)
Ex:
A: “Your clothes are
dirty.”
B: “Are they? I’ll wash
them.”
3. ý kiến, hy vng, ni s,
đặc bit s dng vi
think, expect, fear, hope,
suppose …
Ex: I think he’ll pass the
test.
1. d định
Ex: I know my clothes
are dirty. I’m going to
wash them tomorrow.
2. hành động kế
hoạch trước
Ex: She’s going to take
her driving test next
month.
3. hành động tương lai
th tiên đoán trước
(kết qu ca một điều
gì)
Ex: He doesn’t know
how to light a fire. He’s
going to burn himself.
4. s vic xảy ra căn
c
Ex: She’s going to have
baby (Her belly is
already big.)
1. hành động đang din
ra ti thời điểm xác định
trong tương lai
Ex: I’ll be flying to
Paris this time
tomorrow.
2. Suy lun logic v
hành động của ai đó
thời điểm hin ti
Ex: He will be sleeping
now. (It’s midnight.)
3. Hành động kế
hoch t trước (dùng
thay HTTD)
Ex: I’ll be seeing Sam
tonight. Would you like
me to tell him the news?
1. hành động hoàn tt
trước mt thời điểm nht
định trong tương lai,
thường dùng vi before,
by, by then, by the time,
until / til
Ex: By the end of July,
he will have been in
Athens for two months.
2. suy lun logic v
hành động của ai đó
Ex: He will have gone to
sleep by now.
Future perfect
continuous
Hành động diễn ra đến
mt thi điểm trong
tương lai (nhấn mnh
tính liên tục), thường
dùng vi by, for
Time expressions
Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tonight, soon,
next week/month/year, in a week/month/year…
Notes: by / before ng vi Future perfect trong
câu khẳng định, until trong câu ph định
Ex1: She will have cleaned the house by 6 oclock.
Ex2: She won’t have cleaned the house until 6
oclock.
OTHER WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE FUTURE
Be + to infinitive: future plans, instructions
Ex1: The meeting is to take place on Wednesday.
Ex2: You are not to leave the premises until 17:00.
Be about + to infinitive / Be on the point of + gerund: immediate future (tương lai tc thì)
Ex1: They are about to leave. (The taxi is coming to pick them up.)
Ex2: We are on the point of finalizing the exam paper (in 5 minutes).
C. CÁC THÌ QUÁ KHỨ
Past simple
Past continuous
Past perfect
Past perfect continuous
1. Hành động xy ra và
kết thúc trong quá kh
Ex: She left the room
one hour ago.
2. Thói quen trong quá
kh
Ex: He traveled / used to
travel a lot when he was
young.
3. Chuỗi hành động
ngn, liên tiếp
Ex: She stood up, picked
up her briefcase and left
the office.
4. Hành động trong quá
kh s không lp li
Ex: Marilyn Monroe
starred in “The Seven
Year Itch”.
1. Hành động đang tiếp din
ti mt thời điểm xác định
trong quá kh
Ex: She was still working at
8 oclock yesterday evening.
2. Hành động đang xảy ra thì
hành động khác chen ngang
Ex: She was leaving when
the phone rang.
3. Các hành động cùng din
ra song song
Ex: While Jane was getting
dressed, Tom was enjoying
his coffee.
4. Yêu cu lch s
Ex: I was wondering if you
could help me.
1. Hành động xy ra
trước hành động khác
trong quá kh
Ex: She had already
typed all the letters
before her boss arrived.
2. Hành động xy ra
trước mt thời điểm xác
định trong quá kh
Ex: Maria had gone to
sleep by 9 p.m last night.
1. Hành động kéo dài đến
khi din ra mt hành
động khác trong quá kh
Ex: She had been cooking
all day long when Tom
came home with some
fish and chips.
2. Hành động để li kết
qu rõ ràng trong quá kh
Ex: She was covered in
paint because she had
been painting her room.
Time expressions
Yesterday, then, ago
How long ago …?
Last
night/week/month...
While, when, as, all
morning/evening/day/night…
Before/by the time,
after, already, just, for
For, how long, before,
until…
USED TO / GET USED TO / WOULD
Used to + to inf: Thói quen trong quá kh
He used to work till late at night.
This theatre used to be school.
Would + bare inf: hành động lặp đi lặp li / l thói trong quá kh
When I was at my grandparents’ cottage, I used to get up early and go for a ride.
Be / get used to + gerund: thói quen hin ti
She isn’t used to driving on the left.
I haven’t got used to living abroad yet.
LƯU Ý KHI LÀM BÀI TẬP PHN THÌ
(THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES)
1. Các công thức cơ bản
Simple / Indefinite (đơn)
Continuous / Progressive
(tiếp din)
Perfect
(hoàn thành)
Perfect continuous
(hoàn thành tiếp din)
Present (hin ti)
S + V (s/es)
I play.
She plays.
Lina brushes her hair.
S + am/is/are + V-ing
I am playing.
She is playing.
Lina is brushing her hair.
S + have/has + pp (ed/ ct 3)
I have played.
She has played.
Lina has brushed her hair.
S + have/has + been + V-ing
I have been playing.
She has been playing.
Lina has been brushing her hair.
Past (quá kh)
S + V (ed / ct 2)
I played.
They played.
S + were / was + V-ing
I was playing.
They were playing.
S + had + pp (ed/ ct 3)
I had played.
They had played.
S + had been + V-ing
I had been playing.
They had been playing.
Future (tương lai)
S + will / shall + V (bare)
I will play.
Tom will write.
S + will/shall + be + V-ing
I will be playing.
Tom will be writing.
S + will/shall + have + pp
(ed/ ct 3)
I will have played.
Tom will have written.
S + will/shall + have been + V-ing
I will have been playing.
Tom will have been writing.
S+ SUGGEST/ PROPOSAL/ PROPOSE + that + S + V (bare inf)/ should + V(bare inf)
It is / was + essential/important/necessary … + that + S + V (bare inf)/ should + V(bare inf)
The first time / the last time + S1 + V2 + S2 + V2 / V (was / were + V-ing) # This is / It is the first/second… time + S + have / has + pp (ed/ ct 3)
This was / It was the first/second… time + S + had + pp (ed/ ct 3)