CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2: CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
I. SOME CHANGES IN REPORTED SPEECH
Trực
tiếp
Gián tiếp
Trực tiếp
Gián tiếp
Trực tiếp
Gián tiếp
I
he /she
today
that day
am/is/are
was/were
you
I/we/they
tonight
that night
was/were
had been
we
we/they
tomorrow
the next day
the following day
do/does
(trợ động từ)
bỏ đi
me
him/her
yesterday
the day before
the previous day
don’t
doesn’t
didn’t
you
me/us/them
ago
before
didn’t + V
hadn’t + V3/ed
us
us/them
now
then
have/has
had
my
his/her
next …
the next …
the following …
V(bare)
V(s/es)
V-ed
Vpast
your
my/our/
their
last …
the previous …
the … before
V-ed
Vpast
had + V3/ed
our
our/their
here
there
can
could
mine
his/her
this
that
will/shall
would
yours
mine/ours/
theirs
these
those
may
might
ours
ours/theirs
must/have to
had to
THAY
ĐỔI VỀ
NGÔI
THAY
ĐỔI VỀ
TRẠNG
TỪ
THAY
ĐỔI VỀ
THÌ
ĐỘNG TỪ
II. NO CHANGE IN VERBS IN REPORTED SPEECH
Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ, cũng không có thay
đổi thì động từ trong những trường hợp sau
KHÔNG THAY ĐỔI
THÌ ĐỘNG TỪ KHI
CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU
TRỰC TIẾP SANG
GIÁN TIẾP
Tường
thuật
một sự
thật
hiển
nhiên,
một
chân lí
Khi động
từ trong
câu trực
tiếp có
các thì:
quá khứ
tiếp diễn
kết hợp
với quá
khứ đơn,
quá khứ
đơn với
quá khứ
hoàn
thành, quá
khứ đơn
(đi kèm
thời gian
cụ thể)
Khi động
từ trong
câu trực
tiếp có:
used to,
should,
would,
could,
might,
ought to,
had
better,
would
rather
Khi
tường
thuật
mệnh
đề ước
muốn
với
“wish”
và “if
only”
Câu
điều
kiện
loại 2
và
loại 3
III. TYPES OF REPORTES SPEECH
ở dạng câu kể
S + say(s)/said/told + (that) + S + V
S + asked/wanted to know/
wondered + if/whether + S + V
Câu hỏi
YES-NO
S + asked (+O)/wanted to know/
wondered + Wh-words/how + S + V
ở dạng
câu hỏi
- tell/ask sb + to V: bảo/yêu cầu ai làm gì
- advise sb + to V: khuyên ai làm gì
- promise + to V: hứa làm gì
- threaten + to V: đe doạ làm gì
- warn + sb + not to V: cảnh báo không nên làm gì
- invite sb + to V: mời ai làm gì
- remind + sb + to V: nhắc nhở ai làm gì
- encourage sb + to V: khuyến khích ai làm gì
- offer + to V: đề nghị làm gì
- agree + to V: đồng ý làm gì
Câu tường thuật
với động từ
theo sau bằng
động từ nguyên
thể
- accuse sb of + V-ing: buộc tội ai vì làm gì
- admit + V-ing: thừa nhận làm gì
- deny + V-ing: phủ nhận làm gì
- apologize (to sb) for + V-ing: xin lỗi ai vì làm gì
- blame sb for + V-ing: đổ lỗi cho ai vì làm gì
- complain (to sb) about + V-ing: phàn nàn về điều gì
- confess to V-ing: thú nhận làm gì
- congratulate sb on + V-ing: chúc mừng vì làm gì
- criticize sb for V-ing: chỉ trích vì làm gì
- insist on + V-ing: khăng khăng làm gì
- object to + V-ing: phản đối làm gì
- suggest + V-ing: gợi ý/đề nghị làm gì
- thank sb for + V-ing: cảm ơn ai vì làm gì
- warn sb against + V-ing: cảnh báo ai không nên làm gì
Câu tường
thuật với động
từ theo sau
bằng danh
động từ
Các
loại
câu
tường
thuật
Câu hỏi có
từ để hỏi
EXERCISE 1: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER
1. Julia said that she ___________ there at noon.
A. is going to be B. was going to be C. will be D. can be
2. He _______ that he was leaving way that afternoon.
A. told me B. told to me C. said me D. says to me
3. She said to me that she __________ to me the Sunday before.
A. wrote B. has written C. was writing D. had written
4. Peter said that if he ________rich, he _________ a lot.
A. is – will travel B. were- would travel
C. had been – would have travelled D. was – will travel
6. They said that they had been driving through the desert__________.
A. the previous day B. yesterday
C. the last day D. Sunday previously
7. The man said that money ___________ the passport to everything.
A. will be B. is C. was D. can be
8. The teacher said Columbus _________America in 1942.
A. discovered B. had discovered C. was discovering D. would
discover
9. John said he _________ her since they ________ school.
A. hasn’t met – left B. hadn’t met - had left
C. hadn’t met -left D. didn’t meet – has left
10. Laura said that when she_________ to school, she saw an accident.
A. was walking B. has walked C. had been walking D. has been walking
EXERCISE 2: Choose the best answer:
1. I asked Martha ______ to enter law school.
A. are you planning B. is she planning C. was she planning D. if she was
planning
2. Nam wanted to know what time ________.
A. does the movie begin B. did the movie begin C. the movie begins D. the movie began
3. I wondered_______ the right thing.
A. whether I was doing B. if I am doing C. was I doing D. am I doing
4. He asked the children _________too much noise.
A. not to make B. not making C. don’t make D. if they don’t make
5. The woman asked __________get lunch at school.
A. can the children B. whether the children could C. if the children can D. could the children
6. He asked, “Why didn’t she take the final exam?”
- He asked why __________ the final exam.
A. she took B. did she take C. she hadn’t taken D. she had taken
7. She asked me where I___________ from.
A. come B. coming C. to come D. came
8. She_________ me whether I liked classical music or not.
A. ask B. asks C. asked D. asking
9. He asked me who____________ the editor of that book.
A. was B. were C. is D. has been
10. He wants to know whether I ___________ back tomorrow.
A. come B. came C. will come D. would come
EXERCISE 3: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER
1. "I'm really sorry for being late again," said Ann.
A. I felt sorry for Ann's being late again. B. Ann was sorry for my being late again.
C. Ann excused for my being late again. D. Ann apologized for being late again.
2. "How about spending the day at the beach? " said Tom.
A. Tom said he wanted to spend the day at the beach.
B. Tom suggested spending the day at the beach.
C. Tom insisted on spending the day at the beach.
D. Tom advised us to spend the day at the beach.
3. "I am sorry I didn't wait for you," Mary said to John.
A. Mary apologized for not waiting for John. B. Mary insisted on not waiting for John.
C. Mary sorry for not waiting for John. D. Mary denied not waiting for John.
4. "You mustn't call the police," he said to his wife.
A. He accused his wife of calling the police. B. He warned his wife calling the police.
C. He stopped his wife from calling the police. D. He apologized his wife for calling the police.
5 . "Let's go to Ba Vi next weekend", Mai said.
A. Mai insisted on going to Ba Vi next weekend. B. Mai suggested going to Ba Vi the next weekend
C. Mai wanted to go to Ba Vi the next weekend. D. Mai dreamed of going to Ba Vi the next weekend.
6. "It was so kind of you to give me the flowers," Lan said to Minh.
A. Lan thanked Minh to give her the flowers.
D. Lan thanked Minh for giving her the flowers.
B. Lan thanked Minh to be kind to give her the flowers.
7. "It's me. I made your dress dirty," Jane said to Ann.
A. Jane accused Ann of making her dress dirty.
B. Ann prevented Jane from making her dress dirty.
C. Jane denied making Ann's dress dirty.
D. Jane admitted making Ann's dress dirty.
8. "Don't go near that deserted house," Tuan said to me.
A. Tuan advised me not going near that deserted house.
B. Tuan insisted me going near that deserted house.
C. Tuan warned me against going near that deserted house.
D. Tuan suggested me not to going near that deserted house.
9. "You damaged my bicycle, Tom!" said John.
A. John accused to Tom for damaging his bicycle.
B. John accused with Tom to have damaged his bicycle.
C. John accused Tom of damaging his bicycle.
D. John accused Tom to damage his bicycle.