Đặc điểm sinh học và sinh thái học của véc tơ truyền bệnh sốt xuất huyết Aedes aegypti và Aedes albopictus tại thành phố Đà Nẵng

Dengue hemorrhagic fever poses a significant and escalating public health threat globally, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions like Vietnam. The disease, transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, exhibits complex transmission dynamics influenced by rapid urbanization, climate change, and environmental factors. Understanding the specific biological and ecological characteristics of these primary vectors is crucial for developing effective disease control and prevention strategies. This study aims to delineate the bio-ecological profiles of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Da Nang city, providing essential local data to inform targeted interventions against dengue transmission and mitigate its burden on public health.

Public health professionals, entomologists, epidemiologists, and policymakers involved in infectious disease control, particularly dengue.

This comprehensive study investigated the biological and ecological characteristics of the primary dengue vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, across six districts of Da Nang city from October 2022 to September 2023. The research employed a cross-sectional field investigation method, collecting adult mosquitoes via light traps and larvae/eggs from various water-holding containers, both indoors and outdoors. Morphological features of all developmental stages (egg, larva, pupa, adult) were meticulously analyzed, alongside an assessment of their habitat preferences and breeding sites. Entomological indices, specifically the Breteau Index (BI) and House Index (HI), were calculated to quantify vector prevalence and outbreak risk.

Key findings revealed distinct habitat preferences: Aedes aegypti predominantly inhabited indoor environments, particularly bedrooms, while Aedes albopictus was primarily found outdoors. A total of 26 different types of water-holding containers were identified as potential larval habitats, underscoring the ubiquity of breeding grounds. Critically, entomological indices in Lien Chieu and Son Tra districts exceeded the dengue outbreak risk threshold of 30, indicating a high and persistent vector presence. Common and challenging breeding sites included old tires, outdoor ornamental plant pots, discarded bottles, cans, and rainwater collection tanks, with some household water storage containers also serving as persistent breeding sources. These results provide vital localized data, highlighting specific high-risk areas and common breeding sites. The implications are significant for public health authorities, emphasizing the need for targeted, sustainable, and community-engaged vector control programs in Da Nang. Effective interventions should focus on regular surveillance, environmental management, and public education to reduce larval habitats, thereby disrupting the dengue transmission cycle and protecting the community.