REVISION FOR THE SECOND SEMSTER
REVIEW FOR THE SECOND TERM- GRADE 12
PHONETICS
Pronounced
I. Cách phát âm đuôi- s ,-es –
1.N u t k t thúc b ng- s, -ss,- ch,- sh,- x,-z (-ze),- o,- ge,- ce thì ta phát âm là /iz/ế ừ ế ằ
M o đ nh :ẹểớ "s n-sàng-chung-sh c-xin-z-ô-gẵ ứ óp-c m"vd: changes/ iz/ ; practices/ iz/ơ
2. N u t k t thúc b ng :-/ð/,-k,-p- t,- f thì phát âm là /s/:ế ừ ế ằ cooks /s/ ; stops / s/
M oẹ đ nhể ớ : 'th i phong ki n ph ng tây"ờ ế ươ
L u ýư : ' laugh ' phiên âm là : [la: f ] nên khi chia : laughs đc là /s/ ( t đc bi t c n nh )ọ ừ ặ ệ ầ ớ
3.Nh ng t còn l i phát âm là /z/ : plays /z/, stands /z/…ữ ừ ạ
II. Cách phát âm đuôi -ed:
1.Đc là /t/ n u đng t k t thúc b ng : – ch,-p,- f,-s,-k,- th,-shọ ế ộ ừ ế ằ
M oẹ đ nh :ể ớ " chính-ph -phát-sách-không-thèmủ -share (chia s )"ẻ
vd : watched /t/
2. Đc là /id/ n u đng t k t thúc là: – t ,-dọ ế ộ ừ ế
vd: wanted /id/ ; decided /id/…
3. Nh ng t còn l i đc là/d/ữ ừ ạ ọ
Stress
Nguyên t c đánh tr ng âm:ắ ọ
Nguyên t c 1ắ: Ph n l n đng t và gi i t có 2 âm ti t có tr ng âm r i vào âm ti t th hai.ầ ớ ộ ừ ớ ừ ế ọ ơ ế ứ
relax /r læks/, produce /pr ’du s/, include / n klu d/, among / m ŋ/, between /b twi n/, aside / sa d/, begin /bɪˈ ə ː ɪ ˈ ː əˈ ʌ ɪˈ ː əˈ ɪ ɪ
n/, become /b k m/, forget /f r et/, enjoy / n d /, discover /d sk v r/ˈɡɪ ɪˈ ʌ ə ˈɡ ɪ ˈ ʒɔɪ ɪˈ ʌ ə
Nguyên t c 2: ắH u h t danh t và tính t có 2 âm ti t đu có tr ng âm r i vào âm ti t th nh t.ầ ế ừ ừ ế ề ọ ơ ế ứ ấ
(n) action / æk n/, paper / pe p r/ , teacher / ti t r/, (adj) happy / hæpi/, rainy / re ni/, active / ækt v/ˈ ʃ ˈ ɪ ə ˈ ː ʃə ˈ ˈ ɪ ˈ ɪ
Nguyên t c 3: ắV i nh ng t có 3 âm ti t tr lên, tr ng âm th ng r i vào âm ti t th 3 tính t cu i lên.ớ ữ ừ ế ở ọ ườ ơ ế ứ ừ ố
economy / k n mi/, industry / nd stri/, intelligent / n tel d nt/, specialize / spe la z/, geography /d iɪˈ ɑː ə ˈɪ ə ɪ ˈ ɪ ʒə ˈ ʃə ɪ ʒ
r fi/ˈɑːɡ ə
Nguyên t c 4: ắCác t t n cùng b ng các đuôi – ic, – ish, – ical, – sion, – tion, – ance, – ence, – idle, – ious, – iar, ừ ậ ằ
– ience, – id, – eous, – ian, – ity thì thì tr ng âm nh n vào âm ti t ngay tr c nó :ọ ấ ế ướ
economic / i k n m k/, foolish / fu l /, entrance / entr ns/, famous / fe m s, nation / ne n/, celebrity /sˌ ː əˈ ɑː ɪ ˈ ː ɪʃ ˈ ə ˈ ɪ ə ˈ ɪʃ ə
lebr ti/, musician /mju z n/ˈ ə ˈ ɪʃ
Nguyên t c 5: ắCác t có h u t : – ee, – eer, – ese, – ique, – esque , – ain thì tr ng âm r i vào chính âm ti t đóừ ậ ố ọ ơ ế
agree / ri /, volunteer / v l n t r/, Vietnamese / vjetn mi z/, retain /r te n/, maintain /me n te n/, unique /juəˈɡ ː ˌ ɑː ə ˈ ɪ ˌ əˈ ː ɪˈ ɪ ɪ ˈ ɪ
ni k/ˈ ː
Nguyên t c 6: ắ Các t có h u t : – ment, – ship, – ness, – er/ or, – hood, – ing, – en, – ful, – able, – ous, – less thìừ ậ ố
tr ng âm chính c a t không thay điọ ủ ừ ổ
agree / ri /, agreement / ri m nt/, meaning / mi n ŋ/ meaningless / mi n ŋl s/, rely /r la / à reliable /rəˈɡ ː əˈɡ ː ə ˈ ː ɪ ˈ ː ɪ ə ɪˈ ɪ ɪ
la bl/, poison / p zn/, poisonousˈ ɪə ˈ ɔɪ / p z n s/,happy / hæpi/ , happiness / hæpin s/, relation /r le n/ , ˈ ɔɪ ə ə ˈ ˈ ə ɪˈ ɪʃ
relationship /r le n p/ɪˈ ɪʃ ʃɪ
Nguyên t c 7: ắCác t t n cùng – graphy, – ate, – gy, – cy, – ity, – phy, – al thì tr ng âm r i vào âm ti t th 3 t ừ ậ ọ ơ ế ứ ừ
d i lênướ
economical / i k n m kl/, demoracy /d m kr si/, technology /tek n l d i/, geography /d i r fi/, ˌ ː əˈ ɑː ɪ ɪˈ ɑː ə ˈ ɑː ə ʒ ʒ ˈɑːɡ ə
photography /f t r fi/, investigate / n vest e t/əˈ ɑːɡ ə ɪ ˈ ɪɡ ɪ
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REVISION FOR THE SECOND SEMSTER
Nguyên t c 8: ắDanh t ghép: Tr ng âm th ng r i vào âm ti t th 1ừ ọ ườ ơ ế ứ
birthday / b r de /, airport / erp rt/, gateway / e twe /, boyfriend / b frend/, greenhouse / ri nha s/, seafoodθˈ ɜː ɪ ˈ ɔː ˈɡ ɪ ɪ ˈ ɔɪ ˈɡ ː ʊ
/ si fu d/ˈ ː ː
toothpaste / tu pe st/θˈ ː ɪ
Nguyên t c 9:ắ Tính t ghép (th ng có d u g ch ngang gi a): Tr ng âm r i vào t th haiừ ườ ấ ạ ở ữ ọ ơ ừ ứ
bad-TEMpered, old-Fashioned, one-EYEd, well-DONE
Chú ý:
Tr ng âm c a t th ng thay đi khi chuy n t danh t thành đng t , tính t hay tr ng t .ọ ủ ừ ườ ổ ể ừ ừ ộ ừ ừ ạ ừ
Politics- political – politician
Compete – competitive – competition
Economy – economical – economize
necessary – necessarily – necessity
Practice
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from
the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. proofs B. books C. points D. days
2. A. asks B. breathes C. breaths D. hopes
3. A. sees B. sports C. pools D. trains
4. A. tombs B. lamps C. brakes D. invites
5. A. books B. floors C. combs D. drums
6. A. cats B. tapes C. rides D. cooks
7. A. walks B. begins C. helps D. cuts
8. A. shoots B. grounds C. concentrates D. forests
9. A. boxes B. classes C. potatoes D. finishes
10. A. resources B. stages C. preserves D. focuses
11. A. worked B. stopped C. forced D. wanted
12. A. kissed B. helped C. forced D. raised
13. A. confused B. faced C. cried D. defined
14. A. devoted B. suggested C. provided D. wished
15. A. matched B. crashed C. occupied D. coughed
16. A. agreed B. missed C. liked D. watched
17. A. measured B. pleased C. distinguished D. managed
18. A. wounded B. routed C. wasted D. risked
19. A. imprisoned B. pointed C. shouted D. surrounded
20. A. failed B. reached C. absorbed D. Solved
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in
the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. pollute B. contractual C. reject D. marvelous
2. A. mechanic B. military C. apologize D. miraculous
3. A. compulsory B. intensity C. kidding D. invaluable
4. A. nursery B. focus C. delicate D. secure
5. A. curriculum B. kindergarten C. contaminate D. conventional
6. A. apology B. industrial C. industry D. disaster
7. A. interview B. certificate C. applicant D. primary
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REVISION FOR THE SECOND SEMSTER
8. A. certificate B. apartment C. individual D. biology
9. A. scientific B. available C. suspicious D. supportive
10. A. especially B. comfortably C. carefully D. possibly
11. A. importance B. subtraction C. algebra D. example
12. A. aspect B. compete C. require D. successful
13. A. terrific B. applicant C. banking D. ignorant
14. A. recognize B. challenge C. symbolize D. continue
15. A. continent B. belong C. master D. access
16. A. appalling B. ashamed C. November D. architect
17. A. policeman B. cinema C. overcoat D. politics
18. A. competition B. intelligent C. automation D. information
19. A. accountant B. Arabic C. Germany D. chemistry
20. A. attention B. interesting C. Influence D. television
VOCABULARY
I. Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions:
1. In Africa, many children die from not having enough food.
A. poverty B. starvation C. drought D. malnutrition
2. Jack still went ahead with his ambitious plan despite the fact that it was a risky investment.
A. unserious B. dangerous C. safe D. complex
3. Birds are at their most vulnerable when they leave their nests and find food on their own.
A. strong B. susceptible C. powerful D. invincible
4. The regional authorities failed to provide the poor with essential services such as accommodation, fresh
water and electricity.
A. dispensable B. trivial C. unnecessary D. vital
5. . The doctor decided to give her a thorough examination so that he could identify the causes of her illness.
A. set up B. make out C. get over D. look up
II. Mark the letter A, B, C,
1. After five days on trial, the court found him innocent of the crime and he was released.
A. cheating B. innovative C. naïve D. guilty
2. It was such a complicated task that I couldn’t do it myself.
A. difficult B. simple C. complex D. problematic
3. I’m in a good mood for being accepted to work for global enterprise.
A. refused B. received C. recognized D. allowed
4. Anna volunteered to work for a charitable organization with a view to helping disabled children.
A. poor B. mental C. normal D. handicapped
5. At the end of the movie, the homeless family was reunited after the civil war.
A. separated B. get-together C. joined D. meet again
COMMUNICATION EXCHANGES
Communication exchanges:
- Invitations and suggestions
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REVISION FOR THE SECOND SEMSTER
+ Let’s
+ Why don’t you + bare inf. Ex: Let’ go to the cinema tonight
+ Shall we
+ Would you like
+ Are you free + to-inf. Ex: Would you like to play football?
+ Do you feel like + V-ing Ex: How about going out now?
+ How about
- WH- questions and their answers Ex: - How often do you go to the concert? - Once a month.
Mark the letter A,B,C or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges
1. “Here’s your electricity bill, sir.”- “ ”
A. But I have no money, sorry. B. Can you come again tomorrow?
C. It’s kind of you, thanks. D. Would you take a check?
2. “Hello. Could I speak to the manager, please?”- “ ”
A. No, you can’t B. Yes, speaking C. Hello. But could you? D. I’m answering you now.
3: “How did you get here?”- “ ”
A. I came here by train B. I came here last night C. The train is so crowded D. Is it far from here?
4. “ ?”- “No, that’s about it for now”
A. Anything else B. Nothing to declare C. What’s on your mind D. When can we stop
5. “Do you like reading detective story?” – “ ”
A. What for? B. Of course, I do C. Why should I? D. No, don’t ask me
6. “So long!” – “ ”
A. Hello! How are you? B. Cheer up, my dear! C. I’m please to meet you D. Goodbye, and take care!
7. “Could you do me a favor, please?”- “ ”
A. What? I can help you? B. Yes. That’s very kind of you
C. Sure. What can I do for you? D. No, thanks. I;m right
8. “Do you like the advanced training course you’re taking, James?”- “ ”
A. No, not everyone B. No, thanks C. Not me, I’m still waiting D. By and large, yes.
9: “Would you mind checking the report for me?” – “ ”
A. No, you please do it B. No, no, I don’t mind C. Yes. I would. Sorry D. Why do I have to do it?
10: “I’m sorry. I do apologize” – “ ”
A. It was a pleasure B. No, don’t say so C. That’s all right D. Yes, but why?
11: “Can I leave early today, Ms Luc?” – “ ”
A. It’s very kind of you B. Yes, but not before 3.30 C. Alright, not at all D. You’re welcome
12: “Many happy returns of the day” – “ ”
A. Thank you B. Good luck! C. Congratulation! D. The same to you
LEXICAL GRAMMAR
I/ MODAL VERBS
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REVISION FOR THE SECOND SEMSTER
A. MODALS IN ACTIVE
1. COULD/ MAY/ MIGHT
Could/ may/ might (có th ): ch m t kh năng-đi n t nh ng gì mà ng i nói c m th y ch a ch c ch n l m.ể ỉ ộ ả ễ ả ữ ườ ả ấ ư ắ ắ ắ
- Maybe it will rain tomorrow.
Possibly, maybe = perhaps: có l . có kh năng (ch d đoán)ẽ ả ỉ ự
Ex: I don’t know where Lan is. Maybe she is in her room.
I may go to the beach or stay at home in this summer holidays.
2. SHOULD: Đc dùng đ di n t :ượ ể ễ ả
- M t l i đ ngh , l i khuyên.ộ ờ ề ị ờ
3. MUST: Đc dùng đ di n tượ ể ễ ả
- Trách nhi m ho c b n ph n. Must có nghĩa m nh h n should. V i should ta có m t s l a ch n làm ệ ặ ổ ậ ạ ơ ớ ộ ự ự ọ
ho c không làm nh ng v i musts không có s l a ch n.ặ ư ớ ẽ ự ự ọ
Ex: - An automobile must have gasoline to run.
+ mustn’t ch s ngăn c mỉ ự ấ
Ex: You mustn’t drive on the left
4. HAVE TO
Have to có nghĩa g n nh must, nh ng không mang tính b t bu c mà ch th y c n ph i làm.ầ ư ư ắ ộ ỉ ấ ầ ả
Ex: - I need some meat. I have to go to the butcher’s.
- Does your father have to go at once?
5. COULD/ MAY/ MIGHT + HAVE + P.P
Hình th c này đc dùng đ ch kh năng trong quá kh .ứ ượ ể ỉ ả ứ
Ex: It may have rained last night, but I’m not sure.
John might have gone to the movies yesterday.
6. SHOULD + HAVE +P.P
Hình th c này đ ch m t b n ph n, trách nhi m đc cho là x y ra quá kh , nh ng vì m t lý do nào ứ ể ỉ ộ ổ ậ ệ ượ ả ở ứ ư ộ
đó đã không x y ra.ả
Ex: John should have gone to the post office this morning. (He did not go to the post office)
Maria shouldn’t have called John last night. (she did call him)
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