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45
(C) and therefore the most elusive submarine, it is being increasingly viewed
(D) and therefore it is the most elusive of submarines, there is an increasing view
(E) therefore being the most elusive of submarines, it is increasingly viewed
170.Because the financial review covered only the last few fiscal years, and therefore
the investigators were unable to determine the extent to possible earlier
overpayments.
(A) and therefore the investigators were unable to determine the extent to possible
(B) so therefore the investigators were not capable of determining the possible
extent of
(C) therefore the investigators were unable to determine the possible extent of
(D) the investigators were not capable of determining the possible extent of
(E) the investigators were unable to determine the extent of possible
171.Because young children do not organize their attention or perceptions
systematically, like adults, they may notice and remember details that their elders
ignore.
(A) like adults
(B) unlike an adult
(C) as adults
(D) as adults do
(E) as an adult
172.Before the Civil War, Harriet Tubman, herself an escaped slave, returned again
and again to Maryland to guide other slaves along the Underground Railroad to
freedom.
(A) herself an escaped slave, returned again and again to Maryland to guide
(B) being an escaped slave herself, returned again and again to Maryland so as to
guide
(C) an escaped slave herself, returned again and again to Maryland for guiding
(D) herself as an escaped slave, returned again and again to Maryland so as to be
the guide of
(E) who had been herself as an escaped slave, returned again and again to
Maryland for the guiding of
173.Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940, author
Bharati Mukherjee has lived in England and Canada, and first came to the United
States in 1961 to study at the Iowa Writers’ Workshop.
(A) Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940, author
Bharati Mukherjee has
(B) Having been a United States citizen since 1988, she was born in Calcutta in
1940; author Bharati Mukherjee

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46
(C) Born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee became a United States
citizen in 1988; she has
(D) Being born in Calcutta in 1940 and having been a United States citizen since
1988, author Bharati Mukherjee
(E) Having been born in Calcutta in 1940 and being a United States citizen since
1988, author Bharati Mukherjee
174.Believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, elephants emit
low-frequency sounds that may be used as a secret language to communicate with
other members of the herd.
(A) Believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, elephants emit
low-frequency sounds that may be used
(B) Elephants emit low-frequency sounds that are believed to originate from a
small area on their foreheads, and they may use this
(C) Elephants emit low-frequency sounds, believed to originate from a small area
on their foreheads, that they may use
(D) Originating, it is believed, from a small area on their foreheads; elephants
emit low-frequency sounds they may use
(E) Originating, it is believed, from a small area on their foreheads,
low-frequency sounds are emitted by elephants that may be used
175.Besides yielding such psychological rewards as relief from stress, deep relaxation,
if practiced regularly, can strengthen the immune system and produce a host of
other physiological benefits.
(A) deep relaxation, if practiced regularly, can strengthen the immune system
(B) one can strengthen the immune system through deep relaxation, if it is
practiced regularly
(C) the immune system can be strengthened as a result of deep relaxation if
practiced regularly
(D) when deep relaxation is practiced regularly, the immune system can be
strengthened
(E) when practiced regularly, the results of deep relaxation can be to strengthen
the immune system
176.Beyond the immediate cash flow crisis that the museum faces, its survival
depends on if it can broaden its membership and leave its cramped quarters for a
site where it can store and exhibit its more than 12,000 artifacts.
(A) if it can broaden its membership and leave
(B) whether it can broaden its membership and leave
(C) whether or not it has the capability to broaden its membership and can leave
(D) its ability for broadening its membership and leaving
(E) the ability for it to broaden its membership and leave

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47
177.Bihar is India’s poorest state, with an annual per capita income of $111, lower
than in the most impoverished countries of the world.
(A) lower than in
(B) lower than that of
(C) and lower than that of
(D) which is lower than in
(E) which is lower than it is in
178.Bill Walton continued on playing, even though he had injuries that recurred over
and over again, always hoping to return back to his position as a regular starter in
the game he loved.
(A) on playing, even though he had injuries that recurred over and over again,
always hoping to return back
(B) playing, in spite of recurrent injuries, always hoping to return
(C) playing, though injured over and over, and he was always hoping to return
back
(D) on playing, even with injuries that recurred, and always hoped to return
(E) to play, despite recurring injuries, hoping that the return
179.Biologists believe that they have found one of the substances that tell individual
genes both when to become active and when to remain quiescent in the earliest
phases of an embryo’s development.
(A) tell individual genes both when to become active and when to remain
(B) tell individual genes both at which time they should become active or should
remain
(C) tells individual genes both when to become active or remain
(D) tells individual genes both when to become active or when to remain
(E) will tell an individual gene both about when it should become active and
remain
180.Bluegrass musician Bill Monroe, whose repertory, views on musical collaboration,
and vocal style were influential on generations of bluegrass artists, was also an
inspiration to many musicians, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia,
whose music differed significantly from his own.
(A) were influential on generations of bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to
many musicians, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music
differed significantly from
(B) influenced generations of bluegrass artists, also inspired many musicians,
including Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly
from
(C) was influential to generations of bluegrass artists, was also inspirational to
many musicians, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music

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48
was different significantly in comparison to
(D) was influential to generations of bluegrass artists, also inspired many
musicians, who included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, the music of whom
differed significantly when compared to
(E) were an influence on generations of bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration
to many musicians, including Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music
was significantly different from that of
181.Bob Wilber became Sidney Bechet’s student and protégé when he was nineteen
and, for a few years in the 1940’s, came as close to being a carbon copy of the
jazz virtuoso in performance as anyone has ever come.
(A) as anyone has ever come
(B) as anyone ever had been
(C) as anyone ever had done
(D) that anyone ever did
(E) that anyone ever came
182.Bringing the Ford Motor Company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly
after the Second World War was a special governmentally sanctioned price
increase during a period of wage and price controls.
(A) Bringing the Ford Motor Company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly
after the Second World War was a special governmentally sanctioned price
increase during a period of wage and price controls.
(B) What brought the Ford Motor Company back from the verge of bankruptcy
shortly after the Second World War was a special price increase that the
government sanctioned during a period of wage and price controls.
(C) That which brought the ford Motor Company back from the verge of
bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War was a special
governmentally sanctioned price increase during a period of wage and price
controls.
(D) What has brought the Ford Motor Company back from the verge of
bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War was a special price increase
that the government sanctioned during a period of wages and price controls.
(E) To bring the Ford Motor Company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly
after the Second World War, there was a special price increase during a
period of wages and price controls that government sanctioned.
183.Bufo marinus toads, fierce predators that will eat frogs, lizards, and even small
birds, are native to South America but were introduced into Florida during the
1930’s in an attempt to control pests in the state’s vast sugarcane fields.
(A) are native to South America but were introduced into Florida during the
1930’s in an attempt to control
(B) are native in South America but were introduced into Florida during the

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49
1930’s as attempts to control
(C) are natives of South America but were introduced into Florida during the
1930’s in an attempt at controlling
(D) had been native to South America but were introduced to Florida during the
1930’s as an attempt at controlling
(E) had been natives of South America but were introduced to Florida during the
1930’s as attempts at controlling
184.Building large new hospitals in the bistate area would constitute a wasteful use of
resources, on the basis of avoidance of duplicated facilities alone.
(A) on the basis of avoidance of duplicated facilities alone
(B) on the grounds of avoiding duplicated facilities alone
(C) solely in that duplicated facilities should be avoided
(D) while the duplication of facilities should be avoided
(E) if only because the duplication of facilities should be avoided
185.By 1914, ten of the western states had granted women the right to vote, but only
one in the East.
(A) only one in the East
(B) only one eastern state
(C) in the East there was only one state
(D) in the East only one state did
(E) only one in the East had
186.By a vote of 9 to 0, the Supreme Court awarded the Central Intelligence Agency
broad discretionary powers enabling it to withhold from the public the identities
of its sources of intelligence information.
(A) enabling it to withhold from the public
(B) for it to withhold from the public
(C) for withholding disclosure to the public of
(D) that enable them to withhold from public disclosure
(E) that they can withhold public disclosure of
187.By analyzing the advanced olfactory apparatus of Pleistocene chordates,
paleozoologists have discovered a link between the brain’s regions of scent
discrimination and its regions of long-term memory storage, a link that could
prove invaluable in the treatment of amnesia victims.
(A) paleozoologists have discovered a link between the brain’s regions of scent
discrimination and its regions of long-term memory storage
(B) a link between the brain’s regions of scent discrimination and its regions of
long-term memory storage has been discovered by paleozoologists
(C) there is a link that paleozoologists have discovered between the brain’s

