HOA HOC DAI CUONG
Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH
N oi Dung Chuong Trinh ( 1 8 t )
Phan I: Terpenes
Phan II: Steroids
Phan III: Alkaloids
Phan IV: Cac hop chat tu nhien quan trong khac
CAC HOP CHAT TU NHIEN
HOA HOC DAI CUONG
Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH
1 - TERPEN ES
Terpen la ten duoc Dumas dat cho tinh dau co trong dau turpentine vao nam 1866. Terpene
phan bo rong rai trong tu nhien, thanh phan de bay hoi trong cac loai dau thuc vat. Cau
truc cua terpene bao gom cac monomer duoc goi la isoprene. Isoprenoid la ten goi khac cua
terpen.
Myrcene duoc tach tu bayberry oil
Cau truc camphor duoc xac dinh boi Bredt vao nam 1893, Pinene boi Wagner 1894, citral
boi Tiemann 1895, β-carotene duoc tach tu carrots vao nam 1837 boi Wackenrodder va den
nam 1907 cau truc chinh xac da duoc xac dinh boi Willstaetter.
Giai doan tu 1945, phat minh ky thuat sac ky, pho, nhieu terpenes da duoc xac dinh.
HOA HOC DAI CUONG
Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH
Mot So Terpenes
O
O
Camphor Pinene Citral
OH
β-carotene Vitamin A
HOA HOC DAI CUONG
Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH
1 .1 Su Phan Loai Terpenes
Terpenes Isoprene
units
Carbon
atoms
1Monoterpenes 2 10
2Sesquiterpenes 3 15
3Diterpenes 4 20
4Sesterpenes 5 25
5Triterpenes 6 30
6Carotenoids 8 40
7Rubber > 100 > 500
HOA HOC DAI CUONG
Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH
1 .1 .1 MON OTERPEN ES
Monoterpenes la thanh phan tinh dau thom co trong la, hoa qua cua mot so loai thuc vat
nhu Labiatae, Pinaceae, Rutaceae, Umbelliferae. Tinh dau thom duoc dung trong cong
nghe hoa my pham, nuoc hoa, chat mau, mui thuc pham.
Mot so monoterpenes nhu camphor o dang tinh khiet, con da so o dang hon hop cac dong
phan (isomers) kho tach.
Tren 700 cau truc da duoc xac dinh.
Monoterpenes duoc chia lam 03 loai: acyclic, monocyclic va bicyclic.