REVIEW (p. 273)
worth preposition to have a value in money - be not worth it/ be worth (doing) sth/ be worth it/ be worth nothing/not be worth anything/ be worth the time/effort/work/ how much ... is worth/ it is worth doing sth The house must be worth quite a lot of money now. One of the pictures is worth £50,000. Do you know how much the ring is worth ? This art collection is worth a fortune
Income: noun [uncountable and countable] the money that you earn from your work - annual income / loss of income / low-income / on a high income / source of income / fixed income / generate revenue, profits, income etc / income tax/ meager income, earnings, wages etc /
People on a high income should pay more tax. His annual income is £250,000. Welfare is their only source of income . He supplements his income with a part-time bar job.
error noun a mistake - be in error / a computer error/ do sth in error / an error in/ an error message / human error/ make, commit an error/ a serious, grave, fatal error
He became a keen golfer after his retirement from politics. He announced his retirement as chief executive of the company. She took early retirement. Dad's approaching retirement age.
retirement noun [uncountable and countable] when you stop working, usually because of your age - in retirement/ retirement age/ retirement as/ retirement from/ take early retirement
Dave had to work a 12-hour shift yesterday. The thought of working night shifts put her off becoming a nurse.
shift noun [countable] if workers in a factory, hospital etc work shifts, they work for a particular period of time during the day or night, and are then replaced by others, so that there are always people working - do/work a (10/12/24 etc hour) shift/ a night, day, early, late shift
They've installed the new computer network at last. Security cameras have been installed in the city centre.
install verb [transitive] put in place
He has an interview next Thursday for a job on the Los Angeles Times. I've got another job interview tomorrow.
interview noun a formal meeting - job interview / newspaper, radio, television interview/ conduct an interview
Oftentimes I have to wait more than twenty minutes for a bus.
oftentimes adverb often
pay [uncountable] money that you are given for doing your job
1
- equal pay/ low pay / a pay cut / a pay rise /a rate of pay . Nurses often work long hours for low pay. Teachers were awarded a 6% pay rise. They were asked to accept a 4% pay cut.
There are severe penalties for late payment of taxes. Most hotels here accept payment in dollars. Payment can be made by check or credit card. We do accept payment in installments.
payment noun the act of paying for something - make a payment/ monthly payments/ on payment of sth
The woods are inhabited by many wild animals. I have no idea what sort of people inhabit the area
inhabit verb [transitive] if animals or people inhabit an area or place, they live there
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PRACTICE TEST 1 (p 307)
cancel verb [intransitive and transitive] to say that an event that was planned will not happen - cancel an agreement, appointment, booking, concert, contract, decision, engagement, event, holiday, meeting, order, plan, project, show, subscription, trip, visit
Schools may earn extra money by renting out their premises. business premise
premises noun [plural] the buildings and land that a shop, restaurant, company etc uses
home noun ▶PLACE WHERE YOU LIVE◀ - at home/ away from home/ work from/at home They have a beautiful home in California. Good luck in your new home! Last night we stayed at home and watched TV. He was spending more and more time away from home.
Is Sue home from work yet? They brought the baby home from the hospital on Friday. We stayed home last night. I'm going home now. See you tomorrow.
home adverb to or at the place where you live - bring/take somebody/something home - come/ get/ reach/arrive/drive/head/get/go/send/ walk home - take home $120 per week/ $600 a month
homey adjective pleasant, like home, homely The restaurant has a relaxed, homey atmosphere.
accompany verb [transitive] to go somewhere with someone Children under 14 must be accompanied by an adult. Wherever her husband went, she would accompany him.
Only 12 people attended the meeting. Please let us know if you are unable to attend.
attend verb [intransitive and transitive] to go to an event such as a meeting or a class - attend a ceremony, church, class, college, conference, course, funeral, lecture, meeting, party, rally, school, seminar, service,
Whoever they appoint will assume responsibility for all financial matters. He assumed power in a bloody coup in 1990. Jim Paton will assume the role of managing director.
assume verb formal to start to have control, responsibility etc or to start in a particular position or job - assume control/responsibility/ the role of/
I've been assigned the task of looking after the new students.
assign verb [transitive] to give someone a particular job - assign somebody a task/role
- assign somebody to something
3
Jan's been assigned to the Asian Affairs Bureau.
- assign somebody to do something
Madison was assigned to investigate a balloon accident.
- assign somebody something
Assign each student a partner.
Hilary was popular at school. Coffee is probably the most popular drink in the world.
popular adjective liked by a lot of people - hugely/ enormously/ immensely etc popular
Bob Marley popularized reggae music in the 1970s.
popularize verb [transitive] to make something well known and liked
The highlands are populated mainly by peasant farmers. one of the most densely populated areas in the world
populate verb [transitive usually passive] if an area is populated by a particular group of people, they live there - densely/ heavily/ highly/ thickly populated (=with a lot of people) - sparsely/ thinly/ lightly populated (=with very few people)
The popularity of the Internet has soared. The president's popularity has declined considerably. Country music is growing in popularity.
popularity noun [uncountable] when something or someone is liked or supported by a lot of people - popularity of sth - gain/grow/increase in popularity
a loan of £60,000 I had to take out a loan to buy my car. It'll be years before we've paid off the loan.
loan noun [countable] an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc - a loan of/ a bank loan/a home loan/ an interest-free loan/ loan repayments/ make loans/ on loan (from sb/sth)/ paid off the loan/ take out a loan
Can you loan me $5? Jeff's loaned us his car for the weekend.
loan verb [transitive] to lend someone something, especially money - loan somebody something/ loan something to somebody
You are advised to deposit your valuables in the hotel safe. The dollars are then deposited with banks outside the USA.
deposit verb [transitive] to put money or something valuable in a bank - deposit something in something/ deposit something with somebody/something
deposit noun [countable] 1. a part of the cost of something you are buying - deposit of/ put down a deposit (on something) (=pay a deposit)
A deposit of 10% is required. We put down a deposit on a house last week. 2. an amount of money that is paid into a bank account
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- deposit into
I'd like to make a deposit (=pay some money) into my savings account.
PRACTICE TEST 2 (p.343)
be faced with something I was faced with the awful job of breaking the news to the girl's family.
registered post noun = certified mail: a way of insuring something that you send by post in case it gets lost or damaged
fit in verb if someone fits in, they are accepted by the other people in a group I never really fitted in at school. fit in with someone I wasn't sure if she would fit in with my friends.
ʆu l / [only before noun] agreed in a contract
ə
ə Tutors have a contractual obligation to research and publish.
contractual adjective / k ntrækt
- a contractual agreement, arrangement, commitment, duty, liability, obligation, relationship, right, term
contract noun / kɒntrækt / [countable] an official agreement between two or more people, stating what each will do - contract with/between - agree, break, conclude, enter into, exchange, negotiate, offer, renew, secure, sign, terminate, win a contract
Tyler has agreed a seven-year contract with a Hollywood studio. His contract is to be terminated by mutual consent. What are the legal consequences of breaking a contract? The contract was awarded to builders John Worman Ltd. Mr. Venables informed me the club would not be renewing my contract. Employees who refuse to relocate are in breach of contract.
contact noun / kɒntækt / ▶COMMUNICATION◀ - contact with/between - be, get, stay, keep in contact (with someone) / come into contact with// face-to-face, social, personal contact/ have ... contact with/ in contact with sth/ lose contact/ make contact with - business, personal contacts/ a network of contacts/ contact number, address, details
There is very little contact between the two tribes. Few people have daily contact with mentally disabled people.
contact verb [transitive] to write to or telephone someone Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any queries.
gross national product (GNP) the total value of all the goods and services produced in a country, usually in a single year
gross domestic product (GDP) the total value of all goods and services produced in a country, in one year, except for income received from abroad.
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nationwide adjective & adverb happening or existing in every part of the country - (a) nationwide campaign, election, network, poll, protest, search, strike, survey, television, tour
a nationwide search for a missing British tourist We have 350 sales outlets nationwide. turn around phrasal verb start to be successful
The company turned around from losses of £1.4 million last year to profits of £26,800. turn (somebody/something) into something phrasal verb to become something different
The sofa turns into a bed. A few weeks later, winter had turned into spring. Hollywood discovered her and turned her into a star.
file verb 1. [transitive]= categorize, classify, organize, put in place
The contracts are filed alphabetically. The handbooks are filed away for future reference. 2. [transitive] to give or send an official report to your employer The officer left the scene without filing a report.
3. apply for, put in for
The Morrisons have filed for divorce. Today is the deadline for Americans to file their tax returns.
- file an appeal/ an application for something/ for bankruptcy/ a complaint/ for a divorce/a lawsuit against someone/ a petition/ a report/ a request
The court ruled that the contract must be terminated. a woman's decision on whether or not to terminate the pregnancy.
terminate verb[intransitive and transitive] = end - terminate an agreement, a contract, a decision, one’s employment, a lease, a pregnancy
His statement was verified by several witnesses.
verify verb = confirm, substantiate, prove
a memo from the managing director to all heads of department
memo [countable noun] plural memos a short official note to another person in the same company I - a memo to, from/ read, send, write a memo
SHOW OFF 1. models showing off the dresses display, exhibit. 2. children showing off about their new clothes put on airs, boast
SHOW UP the guest didn't show up appear, turn up, come
Nick doesn't live here anymore. She told me not to phone her anymore. Lepine, he doesn't matter anymore.
anymore adverb - not anymore/ not any longer - not do, exist, matter, work anymore
CEO noun Chief Executive Officer the person with the most authority in a large company
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For the most part, people seemed pretty friendly.
for the most part used to say that something is generally true but not completely true
Reading Comprehension (349 – 360)
ə
glossary noun/ glɒs ri / [countable] a list of special words and explanations of their meanings, often at the end of a book
what a job involves)
specification noun a clear statement of what is needed or wanted a specification of what role each member will play job specification (=a detailed description of
We might be able to source the parts.
source verb to find out where something can be obtained
edge noun 1 ▶OUTSIDE PART◀ [countable] the part of an object that is furthest from its centre
2 ▶ADVANTAGE ◀ [singular, uncountable]
Companies are employing more research teams to get an edge. The next version of the software will have the edge over its competitors.
He stood at the water's edge staring across the lake.
an unsettling experience
ə
unsettling adjective making you feel nervous or worried
The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school. The ability to adapt is a definite asset in this job.
adapt verb/ dæpt / 1. to gradually change your behavior and attitudes to be successful in a new situation - adapt to
How do these insects adapt themselves to new environments?
- adapt yourself/itself etc (to something)
2. to change something to make it suitable for a different purpose - adapt something to do something
The car has been adapted to take unleaded gas.
These teaching materials can be adapted for older children.
- adapt something for somebody
an innovative approach to language teaching innovative schemes for recycling waste materials
innovative adjective/ ɪn veə ɪtɪv / = advanced, inventive, new, novel, modern
Judge Kelso has a reputation for being strict but fair.
reputation noun [countable] = status, name - a good, bad reputation/ earn, gain, establish a reputation as sth/ has a reputation / live up to ... reputation
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In her last job she acquired a reputation as a troublemaker.
inventory noun [countable] all the goods in a shop
a modular course in business studies Most colleges now use the modular system of teaching. modular furniture
modular adjective consisting of separate parts or units which can be put together to form something
upgrade verb = modernize, renovate, enhance, improve - upgrade a computer, the equipment, the facility, the machine(s), the network, one’s skill,
Each of these oilfields could yield billions of barrels of oil. The tourist industry yielded an estimated $2.25 billion for the state last year. These investments should yield a reasonable return.
yield verb to produce crops, profits etc - yield benefits, profit, results, a return
dividend noun [countable] a part of a company's profit that is divided among the people with shares in the company
the unauthorized use of government funds Unauthorized personnel are not allowed on the premises.
unauthorized adjective without official approval or permission
unaccountable adjective very surprising and difficult to explain For some unaccountable reason, he arrived a day early.
The tanker is registered in Rotterdam. How many students have registered for English classes? You must bring your insurance card with you when you register with a dentist or doctor. The baby's birth was registered this morning.
register verb to put someone's or something's name on an official list - register for/ register with someone/ register a birth, a death, a marriage
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