Basic English Part 1: Theory
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MC LC
1. TENSES - THÌ .............................................................................................................. 1
1.1. The simple present tense – Thì hin ti tip ơn ...................................................... 1
1.2. Thì hin ti tip din – The present continuous tense .............................................. 2
1.3. Thì hin ti hoàn thành – The present perfect tense ................................................. 3
1.4. Thì hin ti hoàn thành tip din – The present perfect continuous tense ................. 4
1.5. The simple past tense – thì quá kh ơn ................................................................. 4
1.6. Thì quá kh tip din .............................................................................................. 5
1.7. Thì quá kh hoàn thành - The present perfect tense ................................................ 6
1.8. Thì quá kh hoàn thành tip din – The past perfect continuous tense..................... 6
1.9. Thì tương lai ơn – The simple future tense ............................................................ 7
1.10. Thì tương lai tip din – The future continous tense ................................................ 8
1.11. Thì tương lai hoàn thành – The future perfect tense ................................................ 9
1.12. Thì tương lai hoàn thành tip din – The future perfect continuous tense ................ 9
2. PASSIVE VOICE – CÂU B NG ........................................................................... 9
2.1. The passive voice of “simple tense” – Th b ng ca các thì ơn ......................... 9
2.2. The passive voice of “continuous tense” – Th b ng ca các thì tip din ......... 10
2.3. The passive voice of “perfect tense” – Th b ng ca các thì hoàn thành ........... 11
2.4. The passive voice of modal verbs – Th b ng ca các ng t khim khuyt .... 11
2.5. The special passive voice – Th b ng t bit ................................................... 12
2.6. NOTE – Chú ý khi i th b ng. ...................................................................... 12
3. QUESTION – CÂU HI ............................................................................................ 13
3.1. Câu hi YES/ NO ................................................................................................. 13
3.2. Câu hi “WH” ...................................................................................................... 14
4. CONDITION SENTENCES – CÂU IU KIN..................................................... 17
4.1. Câu iu kin loi 1: Câu iu kin có th xy ra tương lai hoc hin ti ........... 17
4.2. Câu iu kin loi 2: Câu iu kin không có tht hin ti ................................. 18
4.3. Câu iu kin loi 3: Ch s vic ã không xy ra quá kh. ............................... 18
4.4. LƯU Ý: ................................................................................................................ 18
5. WISH SENTENCES – CÂU AO ƯC ...................................................................... 19
5.1. Past wish – ưc mun quá kh (Loi 3) ................................................................ 19
5.2. Present wish – ưc mun hin ti (Loi 1) ............................................................ 19
5.3. Future wish – ưc mun tương lai (Loi 2) ........................................................ 19
6. THE POPULAR SENTENCE CONTRUCTIONS
– CÁC CU TRÚC THÔNG DNG .............................................................................. 20
6.1. STRUCTURE : “ENOUGH TO” (………) ................................................... 20
6.2. STRUCTURE : “TOO ...” (…quá…n ni mà…) ............................................... 20
6.3. TRANSFOMATION BETWEEN “ENOUGH” AND “TOO” .............................. 21
6.4. STRUCTURE “SO/SUCH…THAT” (…quá…n ni mà…) .............................. 21
6.5. ALTHOUGH/ EVEN THOUGH/THOUGH
IN SPITE OF/ DISPITE ............. 22
6.6. SO THAT/ IN ORDER THAT – SO AS TO/ IN ORDER TO/ TO (… mà…) ... 24
7. COMPARISONS – SO SÁNH ................................................................................... 25
7.1. So sánh bng ........................................................................................................ 25
7.2. So sánh hơn kém .................................................................................................. 26
8. CÁCH DÙNG SOME, ANY, MUCH, MANY,… ...................................................... 28
9. MODAL VERBS ........................................................................................................ 29
10. CU TRÚC NG TÌNH “TOO, SO, NEITHER, EITHER” ................................ 31
10.1. Ph ha câu khng nh: ................................................................................... 31
10.2. Ph ha câu ph nh ........................................................................................ 32
11. REPORTED SPEECH – CÂU TƯNG THUT ..................................................... 32
11.1. Trong ngoc kép là câu trn thut - She said: " I shall come back this store tomorrow"
........................................................................................................................................ 32
11.2. TRONG NGO C KÉP LÀ CÂU H!I. .................................................................... 34
Basic English Part 1: Theory
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11.3. TRONG NGO C KÉP LÀ M"NH L"NH HO C L#I TH$NH C%U. .................... 34
12. RELATIVE CLAUSE – MNH  QUAN H ....................................................... 34
12.1. &itquanh .................................................................................................. 34
12.2. Trngtquanh: .............................................................................................. 37
12.3. Giitquanh: ................................................................................................ 37
12.4. Ph©nlo¹iMÖnh®ÒquanhÖ ............................................................................... 38
13. Cách s dng “NEED” và “DARE” .......................................................................... 38
13.1. Need ................................................................................................................. 38
13.2. Dare - Khi dùng vi nghĩa là "dám": ................................................................. 39
14. GERUNDS AND VERBS INFINITIVE .................................................................... 40
14.1. GERUNDS ....................................................................................................... 40
14.2. VERBS INFINITIVE ....................................................................................... 41
15. TAG QUESTIONS:.................................................................................................... 43
Basic English Part 1: Theory
COMPILER: LAM PHUOC THUAN lpthuan91@gmail.com
1
1. TENSES - THÌ
1.1. The simple present tense – Thì hin ti tip din
1.1.1. i vi ng t TOBE (AM, IS, ARE)
- Th khng nh: S + TOBE (AM, IS, ARE) +….
+ I: am.
+ He/ she/ it/ Tên riêng 1 ngư(i hay 1 vt: is.
+ We/ you/ they/ Nhiu ngư(i hay nhiu vt: are.
Ex: I am a teacher
She is a student
We are a family
- Th ph nh: S + TOBE (AM, IS, ARE) + NOT +…
Ex: I am not a teacher.
She is not a student.
We aren’t a family.
- Th nghi vn: TOBE (AM, IS, ARE) + S +…
Ex: Are you a teacher ?
Is she a student ?
Are they a family ?
1.1.2. i vi ng t thưng (V)
- Th khng nh: S + V +…
+ I, we, you, they + V
0
+ He, she, it + V
S
/ V
ES
+ &ng t thư(ng thêm “ES” khi ch) cái cui cùng ca các ng t này là các
ch): O, C, S, X, Z, SH
EX: I eat some banana everyday.
He eats ten eggs every week.
Every morning, Lan goes to school by bus.
Cách phát âm “s” và “es”
Nhóm 1: phát âm là /s/
Basic English Part 1: Theory
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Ch cái trưc –es/-s p f/gh k t
Cách nh phi phc kích tây
Nhóm 2: phát âm là /iz/
Ch cái trưc –s/-es sh ss/x/ce se/ge/z ch
Cách nh sĩ s* gì cht
Nhóm 3: Các trư(ng h*p còn li phát âm là /z/
- Th ph nh: S + DO/ DOES + NOT + V
0
+…
+ I, we, you, they: DO
+ He, she, it: DOES
EX: I don’t eat some banana everyday.
He doesn’t eat ten eggs every week.
- Th nghi vn: DO/ DOES + S + V
0
+ …
EX: Do you eat some banana everyday?
Does he eat ten eggs every week?
1.1.3. Cách s dng và du hiu nh!n bit thì hin ti ơn
- Thì hin ti ơn din t thói quen ư*c lp i lp li trong hin ti.
- Khi nói v các hin tư*ng t nhiên, mt chân lý hay s tht thì cũng s, dng thì
hin ti ơn.
- Trong câu thì hin ti ơn thư(ng có các trng t: always, ussally, often,
sometimes, occasionally, seldom, never, everyday (week, month, year).
1.2. Thì hin ti tip din – The present continuous tense
1.2.1. Các hình th#c
- Th khng nh: S + TOBE (AM, IS, ARE) + V_ing + …
EX: Don’t talk! My child is sleeping.
Form teacher is talking with Nam now
- Th ph nh: S + TOBE (AM, IS, ARE) + NOT + V_ing + …
EX: My mother isn’t doing in her room.
We are not talking together in class at the moment.
- Th nghi vn: TOBE (AM, IS, ARE) + S + V_ing +…
EX: Is your mother doing in her room ?
Are they talking together in class at the moment ?
1.2.2. Cách s dng th$ hin ti ơn và cách nh!n bit
Basic English Part 1: Theory
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- Ch mt hành ng ang din ra trong lúc nói.
- Ch mt hành ng ư*c d trù trưc tương lai ã có k hoch t trưc.
- Trong câu thư(ng có các trng t: now, at the moment, for the moment, at the
present.
- Không dùng thì hin ti tip din cho các ng t như: like, hate, dislike, love,
want, prefer, forget, have, smell, lack, understand, depent on…
- Chú ý: không dùng nh)ng ng t sau hình thc tip din.
Want undersand like love
Hate believe prefer need
remember forget know depend on
mean belong to suppose hear
see realize have sound
wish smell taste seem
lack appear…
1.3. Thì hin ti hoàn thành – The present perfect tense
1.3.1. Các hình th#c
- Th khng nh: S + TOBE (HAVE, HAS) + V
3
/ V
ED
+…
+ I, we, you, they: have
+ He, she, it: has
EX: I have just studied this lesson
She has come back her hometown already.
- Th ph nh: S + TOBE (HAVE, HAS) + NOT + V
3
/ V
ED
+…
EX: She has not come back her home town already.
- Th nghi vn: TOBE (HAVE, HAS) + S + V
3
/ V
ED
+…
EX: Has she come back her home town already?
1.3.2. Cách dùng và du hiu nh!n bit
- Ch mt hành ng xy ra trong quá kh và hành ng ó kéo dài n hin ti.
- Ch hành ng xy ra trong quá kh và hành ng ó không cn xác nh rõ
vào th(i im nào.
- Ch hành ng ư*c lp i lp li nhiu ln trong quá kh.
- Các trng t nhn bit:
Just: va mi
Already: ã r-i