Stress
Quy t¾c ®¸nh dÊu träng ©m
A. Quy t¾c chung
- Nh÷ng tõ cã 2 ©m tiÕt, träng ©m thêng r¬i vµo ©m tiÕt thø nhÊt.
father, flower, table, mountain, forest, plateau, China, suffer, enter, constant, happy, clever, absent, current …
Chó ý
: Mét sè tõ thêng gÆp sau, träng ©m r¬i vµo ©m tiÕt thø hai:
+ cement, canal, desire, idea, ideal, July, machine, police, technique, event
+ Mét sè ®éng tõ tËn cïng b»ng -ent: present, frequent, consent, accent
+ Mét sè ®éng tõ tËn cïng b»ng -er: confer, prefer, refer
- §èi víi mét tõ võa lµ danh tõ võa lµ ®éng tõ hoÆc võa lµ tÝnh tõ võa lµ ®éng tõ:
+ NÕu lµ danh tõ hoÆc tÝnh tõ, träng ©m thêng r¬i vµo ©m tiÕt thø nhÊt.
+ NÕu lµ ®éng tõ, träng ©m thêng r¬i vµo ©m tiÕt thø hai.
(Mét sè tõ thêng gÆp: abstract (a-n/v), absent (a/v), perfect (a/v), present (a-n/v), conduct (n/v), conflict
(n/v), contest (n/v), decrease (n/v), increase (n/v), exploit (n/v), export (n/v), import (n/v), perfume (n/v),
produce (n/v), prospect (n/v), protest (n/v), rebel (n/v), record (n/v), object (n/v)
- Nh÷ng tõ cã tõ 3 ©m tiÕt trë lªn, träng ©m chÝnh thêng r¬i vµo ©m tiÕt thø ba (tÝnh tõ ph¶i qua tr¸i).
animal, elephant, violent, architect, victory, liberty, chemistry, mineral, property, cosmonaut, pesticide …
variety, activity, economics, geography, geology, biology, opportunity, solidarity, participate, alternative …
Chó ý
: Mét sè tõ cã 3 ©m tiÕt thêng gÆp sau, träng ©m r¬i vµo ©m tiÕt thø hai: cicada, pagoda, September,
October, November, December, accomplish, examine, imagine …
- Träng ©m kh«ng bao giê r¬i vµo ©m tiÕt chøa ©m ¬ ng¾n / ə /.
B. Mét sè ghi nhí
- Träng ©m chÝnh tríc nh÷ng vÇn sau:
ance, ant, ence, ent: attendance, attendant, independence, independent; ian: librarian, politician; ience/ient:
conscience, efficient, sufficient; iar/ior: familiar, interior; ic/ical: poetic, poetical (
chó ý
: Catholic, politics,
politic, lunatic); eous: simultaneous, spontaneous; ious: compendious, victorious; ous: famous, tremendous
(
chó ý
: populous); ity: unity, familiarity; ory: memory, factory; ury: injury, mercury; ular: regular, particular;
ive: suggestive, instinctive, expensive; cial/tial: special, spatial; cion/sion/tion: suspicion, discussion,
invasion, nation, prevention; cious/tious/xious: precious, infectious, anxious; is: diagnosis, enteritis,
tuberculosis
- Danh tõ tËn cïng b»ng: ate, ite, ude, ute th× träng ©m c¸ch ©m tiÕt cuèi 1 ©m tiÕt: consulate, appetite,
solitude, institute
- TÝnh tõ kÕt thóc b»ng: ary, ative, ate, ite th× träng ©m c¸ch ©m tiÕt ®Çu ë phÇn kÕt thóc 1 ©m tiÕt: imaginary,
imitative, temperate, opposite, erudite
- §éng tõ tËn cïng: ate, ude, ute, fy, ply, ize, ise nhÊn c¸ch vÇn cuèi 2 vÇn, nhng nÕu chØ cã 2 ©m tiÕt th×
nhÊn träng ©m ë ©m tiÕt cuèi: consolidate, decorate, persecute, simplify, multiply, criticize, compromise,
apply, conclude, create (
chó ý
: attribute, contribute, distribute, migrate)
- §éng tõ cã 2 ©m tiÕt: mét sè ®¸nh träng ©m ë ©m tiÕt ®Çu, ®a sè ®¸nh träng ©m ë ©m tiÕt cuèi.
+ Mét sè ®éng tõ 2 ©m tiÕt cã träng ©m ë ©m tiÕt ®Çu: enter, govern, open, deepen, finish, study,
follow, narrow (
chó ý
: allow)
+ §a sè ®éng tõ cã 2 ©m tiÕt, träng ©m r¬i vµo ©m tiÕt 2: abstain; address; accept; affect, affirm; allay;
annul; apply; arrange, arrive; assuage; attach; bisect; combine, complete; co-work; collect, collide; conclude;
defend, depend; disclose, dispose; exclude; efface; enslave, enlarge; immerse, immix; mistake; observe;
occur; offend; oppose; perform, pervade; propose; submit, subdue; succeed; suffuse; suggest; supplant;
sustain; surmount, surprise; transfer; unlock, unman; outdo, outgrow
- Nh÷ng hËu tè (suffixes) kh«ng cã träng ©m.
a. Nouns from nouns: n + or/ess: actor, actress; n + ist/ship/dom/hood: artist, friendship, kingdom, childhood
b. Nouns from verbs or adjectives: v+ment: agreement; v+ance: resistance; v+er: writer; v+or: inventor; v+ar:
beggar; v+al: approval; v+y: delivery; v+age: package; v+ing: understanding, developing; v+son: comparison;
adj+ness: bitterness; adj tËn cïng b»ng “t” th× n tËn cïng b»ng “cy”: urgent > urgency; adj tËn cïng b»ng “t”
th× n tËn cïng b»ng “ce”: patient > patience
c. Verbs from nouns or adjectives: n/adj+en: lengthen, deepen; n/adj+ize: criticize, modernize; n/adj+fy:
beautify, simple > simplify
d. Adjs from nouns or verbs: n+y: windy; n+ly: costly; n+ful: joyful, faithful; n+less: leafless; n+ous: fame >
famous; n+ious: spacious; n+al: natural; n+ish: childish; n+like: deathlike; n+en: golden; v+able: readable,
eatable; v+ible: sensible, comprehensible
- Nh÷ng vÇn cuèi sau lu«n cã träng ©m: ade: blockade (
chó ý
: comrade, marmalade); ee: refugee, guarantee,
employee (
chó ý
: coffee, committee); eer: engineer, profiteer; ese: Vietnamese, Chinese; oo: bamboo,
balloon; ette: cigarette, novelette; self: myself, himself, herself …; esque: picturesque; cur: occur; dict:
predict; ect: effect, correct (
chó ý
: insect); fer: confer, defer, prefer, refer (
chó ý
: coffer, offer, pilfer, suffer);
mit: commit; pel: compel; rupt: corrupt, interrupt; sist: assist; tain: contain, maintain; test: detest, protest (v);
tract: attract, subtract; vent: prevent; vert: avert
- Träng ©m kh«ng ®æi theo tõ lo¹i: narrow (a/v), cover (n/v), experience (n/v), finish (n/v), flavor (n/v), garden
(n/v), glimmer (n/v), hammer (n/v), label (n/v), lavish (a/v), open (a/v), practice (n/v), profit (n/v), quarrel
(n/v), regret (n/v), reply (n/v), report (n/v), struggle (n/v), treasure (n/v), water (n/v)
- Träng ©m víi tr¹ng tõ ghÐp.
a. Träng ©m ë ©m tiÕt cuèi ®èi víi tr¹ng tõ ghÐp do giíi tõ víi danh tõ hoÆc hai giíi tõ ghÐp víi nhau: indoors,
within, without (
chó ý
: Tr¹ng tõ ghÐp víi over cã tõ th× ë ©m tiÕt ®Çu (overtime), cã tõ ë ©m tiÕt cuèi
(overhead))
b. Träng ©m ë ©m tiÕt ®Çu ®èi víi tr¹ng tõ ghÐp víi any-, some-, -ward hay -wards: anywhere, somewhere,
upward, downward
- Träng ©m víi tÝnh tõ kÐp.
TÝnh tõ kÐp thêng cã träng ©m ë ©m tiÕt ®Çu cña tõ ®Çu: heart-rending, heart-whole, hot-blooded, post-paid
- Träng ©m víi ®éng tõ kÐp.
a. Lo¹i ®éng tõ cã hai tõ th× träng ©m ë tõ thø 2: cool off, warm up, see off, take off
b. Lo¹i ®éng tõ ghÐp do tr¹ng tõ víi tõ gèc bao giê còng cã träng ©m chÝnh ë tõ gèc: outdo, overdo,
overwork, overwrite, underline, undersign, understand (
chó ý
: backbite)
- Träng ©m víi danh tõ kÐp.
§èi víi danh tõ ghÐp träng ©m thêng r¬i vµo phÇn ®Çu: BLACKbird, GREENhouse, bookseller, shopkeeper,
blackboard
1. A. study B. reply C. apply D. rely
2. A. deficiency B. deficit C. reference D. deference
3. A. employee B. referee C. committee D. refugee
4. A. tenant B. common C. rubbish D. machine
5. A. company B. atmosphere C. customer D. employment
6. A. animal B. bacteria C. habitat D. pyramid
7. A. neighbour B. establish C. community D. encourage
8. A. investment B. telephone C. province D. document
9. A. writer B. teacher C. builder D. career
10. A. decision B. deceive C. decisive D. decimal