Tổng quan các nghiên cứu đánh giá tác động kinh tế của tăng cường vi chất dinh dưỡng vào thực phẩm

Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly of iron, iodine, and zinc, constitute a significant global public health challenge, imposing substantial economic burdens on affected nations. While the fortification of staple foods with these essential micronutrients is widely recognized as a highly effective preventive strategy, its successful policy implementation faces various complexities. This academic review addresses this critical gap by synthesizing comprehensive international evidence on the economic impact and cost-effectiveness of food fortification programs. Its primary objective is to highlight the substantial economic benefits these interventions yield, thereby providing a robust foundation for policymakers to enhance public health strategies.

Chính phủ, các nhà hoạch định chính sách y tế, các tổ chức phát triển, chuyên gia dinh dưỡng và nhà nghiên cứu quan tâm đến sức khỏe cộng đồng và kinh tế y tế.

This academic paper presents a comprehensive review of existing international studies to evaluate the economic impact of micronutrient fortification programs. Employing a rigorous desk study methodology, data was systematically gathered from reputable databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. A meticulous screening process, guided by keywords such as "economic impact," "micronutrient fortification," and "cost-effectiveness," was used to identify relevant research. The findings demonstrate consistently significant economic benefits across various fortification initiatives. Specifically, iron fortification programs exhibit impressive benefit-cost ratios ranging from 6:1 to 36:1. Universal salt iodization emerges as a highly effective intervention, achieving benefit-cost ratios up to 30:1 and substantially reducing the global burden of iodine deficiency disorders. Furthermore, zinc fortification, particularly pertinent in regions with high wheat consumption, yields positive economic returns, with a benefit-cost ratio approximated at 14.6:1. The collective evidence strongly underscores that food-based micronutrient fortification is a highly cost-effective preventive health intervention with profound economic advantages. These insights are invaluable for informing the review, adjustment, and enhancement of public health policies, especially in developing countries like Vietnam, to strengthen sustainable fortification efforts and improve population health outcomes.