Biểu hiện các kháng nguyên dòng tuỷ ở bệnh nhân đa u tuỷ xương mới được chẩn đoán tại Trung tâm Huyết học – Truyền máu, Bệnh viện Bạch Mai

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex hematological malignancy characterized by the proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Accurate prognostic indicators are crucial for effective patient management and treatment stratification. While the role of various markers has been explored, the exact prognostic significance of myeloid antigens expressed on plasma cells in newly diagnosed MM patients remains an area of active investigation and some controversy. This study aims to evaluate the expression patterns of specific myeloid antigens on plasma cells and their association with patient prognosis at a major medical center in Vietnam, contributing to a better understanding of disease biology and potentially refining risk assessment.

Nghiên cứu sinh, bác sĩ chuyên khoa huyết học, ung thư, và các nhà khoa học quan tâm đến bệnh đa u tủy xương và các dấu ấn sinh học tiên lượng.

This study investigated the expression of myeloid antigens on plasma cells from 58 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (Đa u tuỷ xương - ĐUTX) patients at the Center of Hematology - Blood Transfusion, Bach Mai Hospital. Using flow cytometry, the expression status of CD13, CD19, CD20, CD33, CD38, CD200, CD27, CD56, CD11c, and CD117 was analyzed. Patients subsequently received chemotherapy, with treatment outcomes assessed after 8 cycles. The study population had a mean age of 61.47 years, with a male predominance. Key clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters like hemoglobin and platelet count, bone marrow histopathology, and cytogenetic features were also evaluated. Results revealed that CD13+ and CD33+ expressions were detected in 10.3% and 25.86% of patients, respectively. Significantly, patients with CD33+ myeloma showed lower mean hemoglobin and platelet counts compared to CD33- patients, and a lower remission rate. CD13+ expression was associated with plasma cells forming large clusters within the bone marrow. The findings suggest that the presence of CD13 and CD33 myeloid antigens correlates with a poorer prognosis, including reduced progression-free survival and overall survival. While CD56 and CD117 expressions were also noted, their prognostic implications were less clear or inconsistent with some prior studies. This research highlights the importance of myeloid antigen profiling in prognostic assessment for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, suggesting these markers could be valuable for risk stratification and guiding future therapeutic strategies, although further comprehensive studies are warranted to elucidate their precise role in disease pathogenesis.