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©2007 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Interpersonal and Collaborative Messages
©2007 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGrawHill/Irwin
Communicating Interpersonally
Interpersonal communication
◦ verbal, nonverbal, and listening interaction
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between at least two people engaged in the co-creation of a relationship
Relational Communication
•
Interpersonal Communication and Relationships
◦
dynamic system of interaction coordinated through communication between two or more people
• Why Are Business Relationships
Important?
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Relationship
Relational Communication
• Types of Relationships
◦ when communicators engage in contrasting
behavior in which one person controls and the other relinquishes control
Complementary relationship
◦ when the communicators mirror each other’s
behavior
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Symmetrical relationship
Relational Communication
Some relationships are complementary in nature since one of the communicators talks more while the other listens more.
© Royalty-Free/CORBIS
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Relational Communication
• How Do I Influence My Relationships?
• Practice Redesigning Relationships
Talk about the relationship
Negotiate new rules and structure
Change the context
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Change your reaction pattern
Relational Communication
FIGURE 13.1 Endless Feedback Loop
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When people interact, they repeatedly send and receive messages. These messages and reactions continually move around and between the communicato rs.
Relational Communication
• What Are the Rules for Business
Relationships?
Interactive rules
Standard rules
• Breaking the Rules
• Cross-Cultural Rules
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Role-related rules
Communicating Nonverbally
Nonverbal communication
◦ body movements or vocal variations that
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communicate without words
Communicating Nonverbally
What’s the Big Deal about Communicating
Nonverbally?
happens continuously
conveys 93 percent of our emotional meaning
can occur unintentionally
many cues are contextual
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often more reliable and believable than verbal
Types of Nonverbal Communication
1. Kinesic behaviors
◦
2. Eye behavior
refers to body movements we use to communicate
◦
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refers to eye movements that communicate emotions, facilitate and regulate conversation, and monitor reactions
Types of Nonverbal Communication
3. Paralanguage
◦ vocal sounds other than words. It is how you say something rather than what the words mean
◦
paralinguistic sounds, such as “um,” “er,” and “uh,” that fill dead air during speech
4. Chronemics
Vocal interferences
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◦ study of how people use and perceive time
Types of Nonverbal Communication
5. Proxemics
◦ study of how people use space and distance
Intimate distance
Personal distance
Social distance
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Public distance
Types of Nonverbal Communication
6. Haptics
◦
Nonverbal touching can communicat e a variety of messages, including a formal greeting.
© Stockbyte/PunchStoc k Images
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involves touching behaviors
Types of Nonverbal Communication
Differences between men and women
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Nonverbal Behavior Eye contact and gaze Facial expressions Gestures Posture Proxemic space Haptics (touch) Paralanguage
Communicating in Small Groups
• What Is a Small Group?
◦
composed of two or more interdependent people who are aware of their group membership and who communicate to accomplish common goals
• What’s the Difference between Small-
Group and Interpersonal Communication?
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Small groups
Communicating in Small Groups
• Purposes of Business Groups and Teams
Task force
Quality circles
Steering committee
Management teams
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Project teams
Communicating in Small Groups
• Purposes of Business
Groups and Teams (continued)
Cross-functional teams
Self-managing teams
Problem-solving teams
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Virtual teams
The Four C’s of Effective Small Groups
FIGURE 13.2 The 4 C’s of Small Groups
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The Four C’s of Effective Small Groups
Commitment
Cohesion
◦ members’ consistent participation on grouprelated tasks, and dedication to maintaining group values and achieving group goals
◦ establishment of harmonious and compatible
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working relationships
The Four C’s of Effective Small Groups
Collaboration
◦ members of a team work together to
• Conflict Modification Strategies
accomplish a task
◦
problem modification techniques that groups use to resolve disputes
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Conflict strategies
Conformity
Conformity
◦ acceptance of influence and adherence to
Groupthink
group rules
◦ when members neglect relevant news or
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information that contradicts what the group already believes
Leadership in Groups and Teams
Leadership
◦ ability to influence people and share a vision
• Leadership in Meetings
that moves projects or the organization forward in a productive and creative way
◦
guidelines for discussion topics and time frames for goal accomplishment during meetings
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Agendas
Leadership in Groups and Teams
• Leadership in Meetings (continued)
Task Leadership Skills
Analyzing problems
Evaluating criteria
Decision making and analyzing solutions
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Developing group processing procedures
Leadership in Groups and Teams
• Leadership in Meetings (continued)
Relational Leadership Skills
Facilitating participation
Stimulating discussion
Coordinating group dialogue
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Modifying and managing conflict
Leadership in Groups and Teams
• Gender Differences in Meetings
interruptions
take & hold floor
state verbal points concretely & authoritatively
confident about building arguments
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collaboration
Technology for Groups and Teams
C-Commerce
◦
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technology that allows companies to collaborate with customers, suppliers, and distributors to improve existing products and services and to create new products
Types of Nonverbal Communication
• Distance Business Meetings
◦ most common type of distance meeting in which
participants communicate by phone from different locations
1. Teleconferencing
◦
combines both visual and verbal communication so conference participants can see and hear each other at the same time by using a video monitor
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2. Videoconferencing
Types of Nonverbal Communication
• Distance Business Meetings (continued)
◦
use of compact cameras and microphones attached to personal or laptop computers to send and receive audio and video messages transmitted over the Internet
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3. Web conferencing
Questions
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