Tài liệu Lí thuyết tiếng Anh – Topic – Giới từ – Prepositions sau đây sẽ giúp các bạn nắm bắt được những kiến thức về phân loại giới từ; giới từ theo sau danh từ, tính từ và động từ (Prepositions following nouns, adjectives, and verbs). Bên cạnh đó, những bài tập củng cố được đưa ra ở cuối bài sẽ giúp các bạn hệ thống lại kiến thức một cách tốt hơn.
Ế Ớ Ừ Ế I T – PREPOSITIONS
LÍ THUY T TI NG ANH – TOPIC – GI Compiled by: TRAN CAM NGHIA MANLY My phone number: 0902055853
Prepositions Prepositions
ừ ụ ướ ượ ạ ừ ể ỉ ố ừ ườ th c danh t c dùng tr hay đ i t ệ đ ch m i liên h
ng đ ầ
: i t ừ này v i các thành ph n khác trong câu. (Kinds of preposition)
: ch th i gian (Prepositions of time)
ạ ừ
ả ậ ể ỉ ờ ng lai.
ị
ỉ ặ ượ ộ ữ ể ỉ ờ ỳ ỳ c dùng đ ch th i đi m ho c các k ngh (tòan b nh ng ngày trong k
ộ ố ụ at 6 o’clock, at night, at noon, at midnight, at bedtime, at dawn, at the weekend, at Christmas, at New Year, at Easter ừ ỉ ờ ượ ch th i gian: c dùng trong m t s c m t at the moment, at present, at the same
ầ ể ỉ ỳ ỉ c dùng đ ch ngày trong tu n, ngày tháng trong năm, ngày trong k ngh
ặ
Ex: on Monday, on 5th January, on Christmas Day, on Monday morning, on one’s
Ex: The train arrived right on time.
ờ for two months, for a long time
ố ừ ừ , t ả + m c th i gian: since last Monday, since 2002
ế : until 5 o’clock, till midnight
ướ c khi) : before lunchtime
ừ ế : from morning to noon
… đ n) ố :
ạ ị i m t đi m.
ư at the village/ the airport/ the railway station
ượ ở ộ ướ c
ể ỉ ố ươ ướ ề ặ ố ớ ệ c dùng đ ch v trí trong m t di n tích, m t không gian; dùng tr ng h ng ho c dùng v i các
ộ ng, tên th tr n, thành ph , qu c gia, mi n, ph ơ ớ ừ hay c m t là t Gi i t ừ ớ ữ gi a các t ạ ớ ừ I. Các lo i gi ớ ừ ỉ ờ 1. Gi i t ượ ổ • IN (trong, vào) đ c dùng đ ch các bu i trong ngày (ngo i tr at night), tháng, năm, mùa, ở ươ ặ ế ỷ t th p niên, th k ho c kho ng th i gian Ex: in the morning, in January, in 1990, in the summer, in the 1990s, in the 20th century, in the Middle Age, in ten minutes IN TIME: đúng lúc, k p lúc Ex: Will you be home in time for dinner? ể • AT (vào lúc) đ ngh )ỉ Ex: At : đ time, at once, at that time, at first, at last ượ • ON (vào) đ ụ ể ổ ho c các bu i trong ngày c th . birthday ON TIME: đúng giờ • FOR (trong) + kho ng th i gian: ờ khi) • SINCE (t ế • UNTIL/ TILL (đ n, cho đ n) ướ • BEFORE (tr c, tr • AFTER (sau, sau khi): after luchtime • DURING (trong, su t)ố : during World War II • BY (vào lúc): by the end of May • FROM … TO (t ớ ừ ỉ ơ ch n i ch n (Prepositions of place) i t 2. Gi ể ộ ể ỉ ượ ở ạ đ • AT ( , t i) c dùng đ ch v trí t Ex: at home, at school, at the bus stop, at the airport, at the office, at the cinema, at the seaside, at the grocer’s, at the top/ bottom, at the beginning/ end, at the front/ back * L u ý: arrive But: arrive in Vietnam/ Ho Chi Minh City ị trong) • IN (trong, đ ị ấ ườ tên đ ạ ằ ệ ươ ng ti n đi l i b ng xe h i (car). ph
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Ế Ế Ớ Ừ I T – PREPOSITIONS
ơ ằ by car (b ng xe h i)
ị ộ ở ướ đ c tên
ớ ạ trên) ặ ệ ng ti n đi l in a car (trong xe h i), but: ể ỉ ượ ộ ố ươ ng (US) ho c dùng v i m t s ph ơ ề ặ ố ầ c dùng đ ch v trí trên b m t, s t ng trong m t tòa nhà, tr i.
ộ ố ụ : ừ on the left/ right, on the farm, on the coast/ beach,
ế ớ ề ặ
ở ướ i) i, d
ở ở ở ữ c) ướ , BEHIND ( phía sau) , IN THE MIDDLE OF ( gi a)
ế
ở ữ ở ữ ườ ề ậ i/ v t) i/ v t) ậ , AMONG ( gi a nhi u ng
ở , OUTSIDE ( bên ngòai)
ệ
ớ ừ ỉ ự ể ộ ch s chuy n đ ng (Prepositions of movement) i t :
ừ
LÍ THUY T TI NG ANH – TOPIC – GI Compiled by: TRAN CAM NGHIA MANLY My phone number: 0902055853 Ex: in a box, in a small room, in the countryside, in the world, in Oxford Street, in London, in Vietnam, in the east, in a car/ taxi ư * L u ý: • ON (trên, ườ đ Ex: on the table, on the wall, on the ground, on the first floor, on Albert Street, on a bus/ train/ plane/ (motor)bike/ horse, on foot ị ượ On c n đ c dùng trong m t s c m t on TV/ radio… • ABOVE/ OVER (bên trên – không ti p xúc v i b m t) Ex: Her name comes above mine on the list. The sign over the door said: “Exit”. ướ • UNDER/ BELOW ( d Ex: The shoes are under the chair. The temperature has fallen below zero. • IN FRONT OF ( phía tr Ex: I hung my raincoat in front of/ behind the door. • NEAR (g n)ầ Ex: Is there a train station near here? ạ • NEXT TO, BY, BESIDE (bên c nh, k bên) Ex: Peter is standing by the gate. ườ • BETWEEN ( gi a hai ng Ex: Tom is sitting between Mary and Peter. Tom is among the crowd. ở • INSIDE ( bên trong) Ex: Luckily, no one was inside the building when it collapsed. ố • OPPOSITE (đ i di n) Ex: They sat opposite each other. 3. Gi • TO (đ n)ế Ex: He goes to school by bus. ế • FROM … TO (t … đ n) Ex: How far is it from New York to California? • THROUGH (xuyên qua) Ex: They walked through the woods. • ACROSS (ngang qua) Ex: The children ran straight across in front of our car. • ROUND/ AROUND (quanh) Ex: The earth moves round/ around the sun.
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Ế Ế Ớ Ừ I T – PREPOSITIONS
ọ
ề
: for, to, in order to, so as to (đ )ể
for, because of, owning to (b i vì)
ở ờ through (nh qua)
ằ ệ by, with (b ng), with ( v i)ớ , without (không có)
ng quan: according to (tùy theo), instead of (thay vì), in spite of (m c ặ
ừ ừ ừ (Prepositions following nouns, ớ ừ i t , tính t ộ và đ ng t theo sau danh t
ế t cho ự ổ ế
ự ầ need for: s c n thi reputation for: s n i ti ng ố ế regret for: nu i ti c admiration for: khâm ph cụ ố ự desire for: s mong mu n
ệ ị
ể ể
increase in: phát tri n, tăng belief in: tin interest in: thích, quan tâm
ậ ợ ấ ợ i/ b t l i
i ích
advantage/ disadvantage of: thu n l lack of: thi uế ợ benefit of: l sense of: ý th cứ
ờ ờ invitation to: l i m i ả i pháp solution to: gi ệ ươ ng ti n access to: ph iạ reply to: đáp l
ưở ưở ả ả ng ng LÍ THUY T TI NG ANH – TOPIC – GI Compiled by: TRAN CAM NGHIA MANLY My phone number: 0902055853 • ALONG (d c theo) Ex: We had a walk along the river bank. • UP (lên)/ DOWN (xu ng)ố Ex: We followed her up the stair. • TOWARD(S) (v phía) Ex: Mary stood up and walked towards Peter. ộ ố ớ ừ 4. M t s gi khác i t ớ ừ ỉ ụ ch m c đích: i t Gi ớ ừ ỉ ch nguyên nhân: i t Gi ớ ừ ỉ ươ ng ti n: ch ph i t Gi ớ ừ ỉ ể ch th cách: i t Gi ớ ừ ỉ ự ươ Gi ch s t i t dù) II. Gi adjectives, and verbs): 1. Noun + preposition: FOR affection for: yêu m nế demand for: nhu c u vầ ề reason for: lý do về responsibility for: trách nhi mệ talent for: tài năng ữ cure for: vi c ch a tr cho IN rise in: phát tri n, tăng decresase in: gi mả experience in: có kinh nghi mệ delay in: trì hõan OF cause of: nguyên nhân ứ ế knowledge of: ki n th c opinion of: ý ki nế example of: ví dụ TO ự ư ạ ố ớ damage to: s h h i đ i v i ả ứ reaction to: ph n ng attitude to: thái độ threat to: đe d aọ ON effect on: nh h influence on: nh h
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Ế Ế Ớ Ừ I T – PREPOSITIONS
report on: báo cáo
ố ệ
ự ự ế ấ ớ connection with: s liên quan v i ớ association with: s k t giao v i ề ớ trouble with: có v n đ v i
ự ệ t comparison between: so sánh
t vế ề
ạ
ồ ấ ọ
ầ i vỗ ề ẩ ề excited about: hào h ngứ furious about: điên ti happy about: h nh phúc sad/ upset about: bu n/ th t v ng serious about: nghiêm túc về sorry about/ for: xin l
ố t cho ở ề (good for: t )
)
ấ ắ ề ề ạ good at: d v quick at: nhanh nh n vẹ ề skillful at: khéo léo về surprised at: ng c nhiên v
ế t cho
ệ ị
late for: trễ ầ necessary for: c n thi responsible for: ch u trách nhi m useful for: có ích cho
ắ
free from/ of: thóat kh iỏ safe from: an tòan
involved in: có liên quan rich in: giàu có, phong phú
iộ full of: đ y ầ guilty of: có t
ộ ậ independent of: đ c l p
ả
ợ
ạ tinự LÍ THUY T TI NG ANH – TOPIC – GI Compiled by: TRAN CAM NGHIA MANLY My phone number: 0902055853 advice on: khuyên WITH relationship with: m i quan h ớ ự ế contact with: s ti p xúc v i ế ớ link with: liên k t v i BETWEEN difference between: s khác bi 2. Adjective + preposition: ABOUT ự ứ annoyed (with sb) about: b c t c anxious/ worried about: lo l ngắ ẩ ậ ề careful about: c n th n v ấ ẩ ề careless about: b t c n v concerned about: quan tâm confused about: nh m l n v AT amazed at: kinh ng c vạ ề bad at: d vở ề (bad for: x u cho ấ clever at: khéo léo về excellent at: xu t s c v FOR available for: có s nẵ eager for: nóng lòng chờ ứ eligible for: x ng đáng cho ổ ế famous for: n i ti ng ổ ế known for: n i ti ng FROM ặ ở absent from: v ng m t different from: khác v iớ IN ấ ọ disappointed in/ with: th t v ng interested in: quan tâm successful in: thành công OF afraid of: sợ cướ ahead of: đi tr ổ ẹ ashamed of: h th n aware/ conscious of: ý th cứ capable of: có kh năng certain of/ about: ch c vắ ề confident of: t jealous of: ghen tị hàoự proud of: t ả scared of: ho ng s ệ t short of: c n ki
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Ế Ế Ớ Ừ I T – PREPOSITIONS
LÍ THUY T TI NG ANH – TOPIC – GI Compiled by: TRAN CAM NGHIA MANLY My phone number: 0902055853 envious of: ghen tị fond of: thích frightened of: sợ sure of: ch cắ tired of: chán typical of: tiêu bi uể
t nế ơ
ả
ạ
grateful to sb for sth: bi ố opposed to: ph n đ i harmful to: có h i cho ớ ọ important to: quan tr ng v i ơ ớ married to: thành h n v i
ậ
ự ớ v i ở open to: m ra cho ươ ng t similar to: t
ế t cho
ề
ấ ọ
friendly with: thân thi nệ ạ happy with/ about: h nh phúc v ậ ớ honest with: thành th t v i ố ệ ớ identical with: gi ng h t v i ẫ ớ ấ impatient with: m t kiên nh n v i ẫ ớ patient with: kiên nh n v i pleased/ satisfied with: hài lòng v iớ ổ ế ớ popular with: ph bi n v i
ắ ợ
ớ
ớ remind sb about sth: nh c ai nh ớ ế ) (remind sb of sb/ sth: g i ai nh đ n talk about sb/ sth: nói chuy n vệ ề ề tell sb about sb/ sth: nói v i ai v think about/ of sb/ sth: nghĩ về ả ề
ứ ủ ) warn sb about/ of sth: c nh báo v worry about: lo l ngắ
tế
ắ
ế ạ i ế i v i ai
ườ
ạ TO accustomed to: quen addicted to: nghi nệ ậ ụ committed to: t n t y contrary to: trái v iớ ậ ụ dedicated to: t n t y devoted to: t n tâm ớ ằ equal to: b ng v i ầ essential to/ for: c n thi WITH acquainted with: quen v iớ angry with/ at sb about sth: gi nậ angry with/ at sb for doing sth: gi n ậ bored with/ fed up with: chán v iớ ậ ộ ớ busy with: b n r n v i crowded with: đông đúc disappointed with: th t v ng ộ ớ familiar with: quen thu c v i OF/ TO generous/ good/ kind/ nice/ polite/ rude/ stupid… to sb generous/ good/ kind/ nice/ polite/ rude/ stupid… of sb to do sth 3. Verb + preposition: ABOUT care about sb/ sth: coi tr ngọ (care for: thích) complain about: phàn nàn dream about/ of sb/ sth: m vơ ề forget about: quên hear about sth: nghe nói về (hear from sb: nghe tin t c c a ai learn about: bi AT aim (sth) at sb/ sth: nh m vào arrive at/ in: đ n t glance at sb/ sth: li c nhìn ạ laugh at sb: c i nh o ai look at sb/ sth: nhìn vào ắ shout at sb: la m ng ai ớ (shout to sb: goi l n ai ) ườ ớ ỉ smile at sb: m m c stare at sb/ sth: nhìn chăm chú throw sth at sb: ném m nh vào ai
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Ế Ế Ớ Ừ I T – PREPOSITIONS
(throw sth to sb: ném cho ai b tắ )
ể ờ
ả ề
ề ề i cho ai v
ế leave (a place) for: r i.... đ đi đ n look for sb/ sth: tìm ki mế (look after sb/ sth: chăm sóc) pay for sth: tr ti n cho search for sb/ sth: tìm ki mế ả ơ thank sb for (doing) sth: c m n ờ ợ wait for sb/ sth: ch đ i
ề
ố
ị ổ LÍ THUY T TI NG ANH – TOPIC – GI Compiled by: TRAN CAM NGHIA MANLY My phone number: 0902055853 point (sth) at sb/ sth: chĩa vào FOR ộ ơ apply for sth: n p đ n xin ả i thích account for: gi iỗ apologize for: xin l ầ ask sb for sth: yêu c u ai v ổ ỗ blame sb for sth: đ l iỗ excuse for: xin l forgive sb for (doing) sth: tha thứ ọ hope for sth: hy v ng v FROM ỏ escape from: tr n thóat kh i prevent sb from (doing) sth: ngăn ch nặ protect sb from sth: b o vả ệ ị ệ suffer from sth: ch u, b (b nh, đau kh …)
specialize in sth: chuyên về succeed in (doing) sth: thành công về
ụ
ị divide/ split into: chia ra translate (from a language) into: d ch ra
ồ i ai
ấ
disapprove of sth: không đ ng ý hear of: nghe tin suspect sb of (doing) sth: nghi ngờ
think of: nghĩ về
ờ
ế
ụ ố live onsb/ sth: s ng nh vào ạ plan on: k ho ch rely on: tin c yậ spend (money) on sth: tiêu (ti n)ề
ề
ỗ ề i ai v
ả cho ai ả i thích cho ai explain sth to sb: gi ớ ả happen to sb/ sth: x y ra v i ắ listen to: l ng nghe ố ả object to: ph n đ i prefer … to …: thích … h nơ talk/ speak to sb: nói v iớ
ồ IN believe in sb/ sth: tin vào participate in: tham gia INTO crash into: tông, đ ng vào ắ cut into: c t ra thành OF ộ ộ accuse sb of (doing) sth: bu c t ậ ồ approve of: đ ng ý, ch p thu n consist of sb/ sth: bao g mồ die of/ from: ch t vìế ON ậ concentrate on sth: t p trung vào congratulate sb on (doing) sth: chúc m ngừ comment on: phê bình ộ depend on: ph thu c insist on (doing) sth: nài nỉ TO adapt to: thích nghi add to: thêm vào ỉ adjust to: đi u ch nh apologize to sb for (doing) sth: xin l complain to sb about sth: phàn nàn describe sth to sb: mô t ế ố devote to: c ng hi n WITH agree with: đ ng ý fill with: làm đ yầ
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Ế Ế Ớ Ừ I T – PREPOSITIONS
ụ
provide sb with sth: cung c pấ (provide sth for sb: cung c pấ ) supply sb with sth: cung c pấ (supply sth to sb: cung c p)ấ
D. With / to C. In / to
D. for C. by
D. with C. to
D. about C. on B. in
D. about C. to
C. for D. to
LÍ THUY T TI NG ANH – TOPIC – GI Compiled by: TRAN CAM NGHIA MANLY My phone number: 0902055853 argue with: cãi nhau v iớ collide with: tông, đ ng vào communicate with: giao ti pế compare with/to: so sánh EXERCISES I. Fill in each blank with the correct preposition. 1. The price of electricity is going up _____ August. 2. They came to visit us _____ my birthday. 3. Did you have a good time _____ Christmas? 4. The children are really excited _____ their summer vacation. 5. We were very disappointed _____ the organization of the festival. 6. John missed a lot of lessons. He was ill _____ January to March. 7. Helen had said goodbye to everybody in the class _____ she left for the hometown. 8. My cat is very fond _____ fish. 9. I waited _____ 10 o’clock and then went home. 10. I can’t remember exactly when the accident happened. I think it was _____ nine and half past nine. 11. Are you acquainted _____ the lady? 12. _____ the children left, the house was very quiet. 13. These photographs were taken _____ a friend of mine. 14. The river Rhine flows _____ the North sea. 15. I shall meet you _____ the corner _____ the street. 16. I always come _____ school _____ foot. 17. He had learned the whole poem _____ heart. 18. He has waited _____ her for a long time. 19. He’s not very keen _____ watching football, but his wife is. 20. Are you worried _____ the final examination? II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. _____ time _____ time I will examine you on the work you have done. A. From / to B. At / to 2. This village is inhabited _____ tens of thieves. A. with B. to 3. God has bestowed _____ me many graces. A. on B. for 4. Make a comment _____ this sentence! A. to 5. He’s a very wealthy man; a few hundred pounds is nothing _____ him. B. with A. for 6. She does not show much affection _____ him. A. with B. in 7. The clerk _____ that counter said those purses were _____ sale.
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Ế Ế Ớ Ừ I T – PREPOSITIONS
C. at/ in B. at/ on D. on/ on
B. up D. off C. out
C. on D. for
D. in C. with B. about
C. for/ to B. with/ for D. about/ in
C. at D. to B. on
C. of/ in/ for B. for/ on/ in
B. on/ at D. of/ at C. at/ of
D. of C. in B. at
C. from/ in D. till/ of B. till/ to
C. with D. in B. to
C. for D. at B. up
B. with D. at
D. over C. after B. up
2. on 7. before 12. After 17. by 4. about 9. until 14. into 19. on 3. at 8. of 13. by 18. for 5. with 10. between 15. at/ of 20. about
LÍ THUY T TI NG ANH – TOPIC – GI Compiled by: TRAN CAM NGHIA MANLY My phone number: 0902055853 A. in/ for 8. Someone broke into the shop and made _____ with several TVs and videos. A. of 9. Old people like to descant _____ past memories. A. in B. with 10. You should comply _____ the school rules. A. to 11. The people next door are furious _____ us _____ making so much noise last night. A. at/ with 12. The Vietnamese participants always take part _____ sports events with great enthusiasm. A. in 13. He isn’t independent _____ any means. He depends _____ his father _____ everything. A. by/ on/ in D. on/ in/ with 14. He may be quick _____ understanding but he isn’t capable _____ remembering anything. A. in/ of 15. Mum is always busy _____ her work in the laboratory. A. with 16 Lan will stay there _____ the beginning in September _____ November. A. from/ to 17. I would like to apply _____ the position of sales clerk that you advised in the Sunday newspaper. A. for 18. I have been looking _____ this book for months, and at last, I have found it. A. over 19. My sister is very fond _____ eating chocolate candy. C. about A. of 20. Who’s going to look _____ the children while you’re away? A. at ANSWER: I. 1. in 6. from 11. with 16. to/ on II.
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. C
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