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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
AND TRAINING
VIETNAM ACADEMY OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
GRADUATE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
……..….***…………
VU HOANG DUY
SYNTHESIS, STUDYING THE PROPERTIES
OF PHENYL RADICAL POLYMER FILM ORIONTED TO
USE AS METAL ION SENSOR
Major: Organic Chemistry
Code: 9.44.01.14
SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS
IN CHEMISTRY
HANOI - 2019
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The thesis has been completed at: Institute for Tropical
Technology - Graduate university science and technology -
Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.
Science supervisor: 1. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Tuan Dung
2. Prof. Dr. Tran Đai Lam
Reviewer 1: …………..
Reviewer 2: ………….
Reviewer 3: ……………
The thesis was defended at National level Council of Thesis
Assessment held at Graduate University of Science and Technology -
Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology at … on …
Thesis can be further referred at:
- The Library of Graduate University of Science and Technology
- National Library of Vietnam
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INTRODUCTION
1. The urgency of the thesis
Vietnam is in the process of industrialization, modernization,
many industrial parks and trade villages have sprung up, this has
released a large amount of inorganic and organic pollutants. Heavy
metals are considered to be very dangerous pollutants due to their high
toxicity and high bio-accumulation. Heavy metals like Cadmium,
Lead, Mercury, Silver are highly toxic, when accumulated in the
human body will cause diseases such as blood pressure, nervous
system, brain damage, liver, kidney, circulatory system, severe cases
can lead to death. Despite the state regulations on environmental
protection, there is no guarantee that heavy metals will be collected
and treated thoroughly and safely for the environment. Because of this,
environmental monitoring requires measuring instruments, probes
capable of detecting heavy metals at the trace level, thereby preventing
and treating environmental pollution. To contribute to the protection
of green, clean and beautiful living environment.
Conducting polymers are considered to be the next generation of
sensing materials being studied and used, and the trend is gradually
replacing older sensor materials by conductivity, selectivity and
responsiveness. Conducting polymers have been used to manufacture
converters to detect a wide range of gases such as NOx, CO, CO2,
NH3, solvents, alcohols, organic compounds and heavy metal ions.
The phenyl radical conducting polymers (polyaniline, poly(1.8-
diaminonaphthalene), poly(1.5-diaminonaphthalene)) containing rich
electron groups as -NH, -NH2 easily interact with heavy metal cations.
Thus, in order to use phenyl radical conducting polymers derivatives
as sensors, it is necessary to study the interaction between the
electrochemical activity, the structure of the polymer and the metal
cations. On this basis there are further studies such as improving the
sensitivity and selectivity of polymer films with heavy metal cations.
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From that point of view, the thesis aims to: "Synthesis, studying
properties of phenyl radical polymer film oriented to use as metal ion
sensor" as a research topic.
2. The objectives of the thesis
Fabrication of diaphragm sensing material based on phenyl
conductive polymer has stability and high sensitivity with heavy metal
cations, which is used to identify and analyze heavy metal traces in
water.
3. The main contents of the thesis
- Electrochemical polymerization of conductive polymer films
such as polyaniline, poly(1.8-diaminonaphthalene), poly(1.5-
diaminonaphthalene).
- Study characteristics of these polymer films: morphology,
chemical structure, electrochemical activity of conductive polymer
films.
- Study the sensitivity of these polymer films to heavy metal ions
such as Cd(II), Pb(II), Hg(II), Ag(I).
- Research on manufacturing sensing materials based on poly(1.5-
diaminonaphthalene) and carbon nanotubes: synthesis,
characterization and application in simultaneous analysis of Cd(II) and
Pb(II) ions.
CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW
1.1. Conducting polymer
Conducting polymers are organic polymeric compounds capable
of conducting electricity through the π-conjugate structure. Example
polyaniline (PANi), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene (PTh), etc.
Conducting polymers are classified into three main categories:
electron-conducting polymers, oxidation-reducing polymers, and ion-
exchange polymers.
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There are two methods of polymer synthesis: chemical methods
and electrochemical methods.
The conducting polymer satisfies the conditions of a chemical and
biological sensing material so it is being studied and applied in this
field, particularly the field of ionic sensors.
1.2. Conducting phenyl radical polymer
Conducting phenyl radical polymer are conducting polymers in
the main chain containing phenyl rings. The famous of that is PANi,
the derivatives of polydiaminonaphthalen have also recently begun to
be studied for their special properties due to their -NH2 free-radical
function in the molecule.
1.3. Methods for producing conductive polymer films
At present, there are a number of methods for making polymer
films, such as dip-coating, centrifugation, Langmuir-Blodgett method,
vapor phase condensation, drip method and electrochemical
deposition. Only the electrochemical deposition method, the drip
method, is more suitable for making polymer films. Therefore, in the
thesis, drip coating and electrochemical deposition will be applied to
investigate the formation of conductive polymer films as well as the
conductive polymer composite films - nanotubes as ion sensors.
1.4. Heavy metals, methods for analysis and application of
conductive polymer films for heavy metal analysis
1.4.1. Heavy metals
Heavy metals are natural elements with a density greater than 5
g/cm3. Many heavy metals are used in industry, agriculture, health and
science, resulting in emissions to the environment, increasing the risk
of their potential impact on human health and ecosystems. People with
heavy metals have decreased memory, reduced the ability to
synthesize hemoglobin leading to anemia, lung, stomach and
neurologic causes. Causing harms to fertility, causing miscarriage,
degeneration of the breed.
1.4.2. Methods for analysis of heavy metals