Thách thức và xu hướng điều trị đái tháo đường type 2 bằng dược liệu cổ truyền Việt Nam

Type 2 diabetes (ĐTĐ type 2) poses a significant global health challenge, with its escalating prevalence placing immense burdens on economies, societies, and public health systems worldwide. In Vietnam, this trend is exacerbated by rapid economic development, contributing to a rise in metabolic disorders, including ĐTĐ type 2. While modern medicine has achieved remarkable progress in treatment, long-term drug regimens often entail considerable costs and potential adverse effects. Against this backdrop, Vietnamese traditional medicine (YHCT Việt Nam), with its rich historical knowledge and empirical wisdom, emerges as a promising and holistic complementary approach. This article aims to provide an overview of YHCT's understanding of diabetes, analyze the pharmacological mechanisms of key traditional herbs and prescriptions, and explore contemporary research and development trends in this vital field.

Healthcare professionals (physicians, pharmacists), traditional medicine practitioners, medical researchers in endocrinology and ethnopharmacology, public health policymakers, and students interested in integrated medicine for diabetes management.

This academic manuscript delves into the challenges and emerging trends in treating Type 2 diabetes (ĐTĐ type 2) with Vietnamese traditional medicine (YHCT Việt Nam). It begins by contextualizing ĐTĐ type 2 as a global pandemic imposing substantial economic and public health burdens, particularly evident in Vietnam’s rapidly developing economy. The paper acknowledges the advancements in modern medical treatments but highlights their limitations, such as long-term side effects and high costs, paving the way for the exploration of traditional medicine as a viable alternative or adjunct.
The core of the paper summarizes YHCT's conceptualization of diabetes, known as "Tiêu khát" (thirst-quenching disease), detailing its etiology from an YHCT perspective (Thiên thiên bất túc, Hậu thiên thất điều) and its classification into three clinical patterns (Thượng tiêu, Trung tiêu, Hạ tiêu). A significant portion is dedicated to profiling various Vietnamese medicinal plants—including Chua me lá me, Hà thủ ô, Cỏ mực, Rau má, Mướp đắng, Thổ phục linh, Hạt Thảo quyết minh, Dây thìa canh, and Vỏ cây Gạo. For each, the article outlines their active chemical components and proposed mechanisms of action in managing blood glucose and related complications, moving beyond empirical observations towards evidence-based understanding. The methodology further explores the principles of multi-drug formulations in traditional medicine, exemplified by the "Quân - Thần - Tá - Sứ" concept through the Glu-NK formula.
Moreover, the article addresses critical challenges, such as the need for more rigorous, large-scale clinical trials and potential drug-herb interactions. It outlines future research directions, advocating for the integration of modern scientific techniques like network pharmacology and the development of standardized, evidence-based treatment protocols. The application value lies in positioning Vietnamese traditional medicine as an effective, holistic component of comprehensive diabetes management strategies, thereby enhancing patient quality of life and contributing to global health efforts in combating ĐTĐ type 2. This integrative approach promises to mitigate the disease's societal impact and offer sustainable therapeutic avenues.