TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC VÕ TRƯỜNG TOẢN
KHOA DƯỢC

BÀI GIẢNG MÔN HỌC
HÓA SINH 2
Đơn vị biên soạn:
XÁC NHẬN CỦA BCN KHOA DƯỢC
Hậu Giang – Năm 2013
Lofi
ndi
dau
Muc
luc
MUC
LUC
Chu'o'ng
1. Chuyen hoa glucid
1.
Dai
ciTdng
2.
Thoai
hoa
glucose
3. Tdnghdp
4. Chuyen hoa cua cac monosaccarid khac
5.
Su*
chuyen
hoacua
glucose
dmot
so
trang
thai
6. Lien quan chuyen hoa cua gluose
7. Van chuyen glucose qua mang te bao
8.
Dieu
hoa
chuyen
hoa
glucose
va
glycogen-hoat
dong
ciia
hormon
va
nhffng
nhan
to
khac
trong
qua
trinh
chuyen
hoa
9. Roi loan chuyen hoa glucid
Trang
Pham
Thanh Trang
Tran Thi Tudng Linh
Tran
Thanh
Nhan
1
2
4
4
6
16
20
22
24
24
25
26
31
31
32
42
50
Chtftfng 2. Chuyen hoa lipid
1. Sir tieu hoa va hap thu lipid trong thtfc an
2.
Suf
thoai
hoa
lipid
3.
Suf
sinh tdng hop lipid
4.
Suf
chuyen hoa cholesterol
Chu'o'ng
3. Chuyen hoa protein va acid
amin-
Sinh
tong
hcfp
protein
1.
Bien
hoa
protein
2.
Thoai
hoa
acid
amin
3. Tong hdp acid amin
4. Sinh tdng hdp protein
Chu'o'ng
4. Chuyen hoa hemoglobin
1. Sinh tdng hop hemoglobin
2.
Thoai
hoa
hemoglobin
3. Roi loan chuyen hoa hemoglobin
Chu'o'ng
5. Chuyen hoa acid nucleic
1.
Thoai
hoa
2. Tdnghdp
Tran Thi Tudng Linh
59
59
62
84
80
102
102
105
108
112
112
114
Pham
Thanh Trang
3. Benh lien quan den roi loan chuyen hoa nucleotid
128
Chu'o'ng
6.
Lien
quan va dieu hoa chuyen hoa
1. Lien quan gitfa cac qua trinh chuyen hoa
2.
Dieu
hoa
chuyen
hoa
Chufcfng
7.
Su*
trao doi ntftfc va cac chat dien giai
1.
Nude
trong
cd
the
2.
Cac
chat
vo
cd
trong cd the
3. SU trao
doi
nUdc va
cac
chat
dien
giai
Chuftfng 8.
Thang
bang
acid -base
1. Cd so hoa ly cua thang bang acid - base
2.
Cachedemcuacdthe
3.
SU
dieu hoa thang bang acid - base ciia cd the
4.
R6'i
loan thang bang acid - base
Chu'o'ng
9. Hoa sinh
than
va nutfc tieu
1.
Than
2.
Nufdc
tieu
3.
Thuf
nghiem tham do chuc nang than
Chu'o'ng 10.
Hoa
sinh
gan
1.
Thanh
phan
hoa
hoc
cua
gan
2.
Cac
chuc
phan
hoa
sinh
cua
gan
3.
NhUng
xet
nghiem hoa sinh he thong gan
mat
Chu'o'ng 11.
Hoa
sinh
mau
1.
DaicUdng
2. Tinh
chat
ly hoa ciia mau
3. Thanh phan hoa hoc ciia mau
Dap
an
Tai
lieu
tham
khao
Tran
Thanh
Nhan
133
133
138
Tran Thi Tudng Linh
146
146
150
153
Tran Thi Tudng Linh
159
159
161
163
164
Ngo
Kien
Due
167
167
172
178
Ngo
Kien
Due
183
183
184
191
Tran
Thanh
Nhan
196
196
196
199
210
212
CHLfCfNG 1
CHUYEN
HOA
GLUCID
MUC
TIEU
1.
Viet
dUdc
sd do va xac dinh vai tro ciia
nhirng
con
dtfcmg
chuyen hoa chinh ciia glucid.
2.
Neu
dtfdc
y
nghia
va moi lien
quan
giffa
con
dtfdng
dutmg
phan
va
chu
trinh
pentose.
3. Neu dtfdc dac diem chuyen hoa glucid d cac mo.
4.
Trinh
bay
dtfdc
cac
qua
trinh
tdng
hdp
glucid
trong
cd
the.
5. Trinh bay dtfdc chuyen hoa ciia frutose, galactose, mannose.
6.
Trinh
bay
dtfdc
chuyen
hoa
ciia
glucid
trong
cac
trtfdng
hdp
sau
khi
an,
khi
doi.
7.
Trinh
bay
dtfdc
su*
dieu hoa va
nhtfng
roi
loan
ciia
chuyen
hoa
glucid.
l.DAICl/CfNG
Chuyen
hoa
glucid
la
mot
trong
nhirng
qua
trinh
chuyen
hoa
quan
trong trong
cd
the
song,
chii
yeu
nham
cung
cap
nang
Itfdng
cho
te
bao
hoat
dong.
Ngoai
ra
stf
chuyen
hoa
nay
con
cung
cap
nhieu
san
pham
chuyen
hoa
trung
gian
quan
trong.
Qua
trinh
chuyen
hoa
glucid
co
lien
quan
chat
che
vdi
su"
chuyen
hoa
cac
chat
khac
trong
cd
the,
nhat
la
do'i
vdi
chuyen
hoa
lipid,
acid
amin
va
acid
nucleic.
Nhu
cau
glucid
ciia
ngtfdi
trtfdng
thanh
la
300
-
500g
trong
24h.
Khi
tang
Itfdng
lipid
va
protid
trong
khau
phanan thi
nhu
cau
glucid
co
the
giam
thap.
Trong
cd
the
ngtfdi
va
dong
vat
cao
cap,
glucid
ton
tai
dUdi
3
dang:
- Dang
du"
trtf la glycogen, tap trung chu yeu d gan va cd
-
Dang
van
chuyen
la
glucose
ttf
do
trong
mau
va
cac
dich
ciia
cd
the
-
Dang
tham gia cau tao
trong
cac to
chtfc
cd the
1.1.Nguon glucose ciia
cof
the
•
Nguon
glucose
ngoai
sinh:
la
ngudn
glucid
ttf
thtfc
an,
bao
gdm:
Tinh
bot:
la
thtfc
an
glucid
chii
yeu
ciia
ngtfdi,
co
trong
cachat
ngu
coc,
cii.
Glycogen: co trong cac to chtfc va cd dong vat.
Cellulose: co
trong
rau va mot so'qua
Cac
disaccarid:
thtfdng
gap
la
saccarose
(dtfcmg
mia),
lactose
(dtfdng
sira),
maltose
(mach
nha)
...
Cac
monosaccarid
co
trong
thtfc
an
vdi
lUdng
it,
thUdng
gap
la
glucose
(nho),
fructose
(trai
cay), mannose, ribose ...
Su tieu hoa va hap thu glucid
Qua
trinh
tieu
hoa
glucid
t\X
thUc
an
thUc
chat
la
qua
trinh
thuy
phan
cac
polysaccarid
va
disaccarid
dirdi
tac
dung
cua
cac
enzym
cf
dtfdng
tieu
hoa
thanh
cac
monosccarid.
Enzym
thuy
phan
tinh
bot
va
glycogen
la
amylase
ciia
nUdc
bot
va
dich
tuy.
Cd
hai
loai
amylase
la
a-
amylase
va
(3-amylase.
p-amylase
cd
trong
mot
so
thUc
vat,
a-amylase
co
trong
nufdc
bot
va
dich
tuy,
ca
hai
deu
thuy
phan
lien
ket
a-l->4
.
P-amylase
tac
dung
d
phln
dau
mach
nen
diTdc
goi
la
exoamylase.
a-amylase
thi
thuy
phan
cac
lien
ket
6
giifa
nen
co
ten
la
endoamylase,
6
he
thong
tieu
hoa
a-amylase
la
enzym
thuy
phan
amylose
va
amylopectin
(thanh
phln
ciia
tinh
bot
va
glycogen)
cho
maltose,
a-amylase
la
enzym
cln
Ca2+.
Vi
a-amylase
khong
cit
drfdc
lien
ke't
a-l->6
nen
san
pham
trong
qua
trinh
thuy
phan
amylopectin
la
cac
oligosaccarid
(dextrin).
Ruot
chi
cd
the'
hap
thu
monosaccaraid
nen
oligosaccarid
tiep
tuc
dUdc
thuy
phan
tiep
bdi
cac
4
oligosaccaridase
ciia
mot
non.
Cac
disaccarid
trong
thtfc
an
nhtf
lactose
va
saccarose
cung
vdi
cac
san
pham
thuy
phan
ciia
tinh
bot
va
glycogen
se
bi
thuy
phan
dtfdi
tac
dung
ciia
maltase,
saccarase,
lactase
de
cho
san
pham
cuo'i
cung
la
cac
monosaccarid
chii
ye'u
la
glucose
va
mot
so
it
fructose
va
galactose.
Stf
thieu
hut
lactase
d
ruot
dan
den
tich
tu
lactose
gay
tieu
chay
khi
dung
lactose
vi
lactose
khong
dtfdc
hap
thu
se
len
men
bdi
vi
khuan
va
ap
ltfc
tham
thau
tang
gay
hut
nirdc
vao
long
ruot.
Tat
ca
cac
monosccarid
deu
dtfdc
hap
thu
hoan
toan
d
ruot
non,
stf
hap
thu
tot
nhat
d
phan
dau
ciia
ruot
non.
To'c
do
hap
thu
ciia
cac
monosaccarid:
galactose(HO)
>
glucose
(100)
>
fructose (43) > mannose (19) > pentose (15-19).
Stf
hap
thu
cd
2 cd
che:
(1)
stf
kkuech
tan
dctn
gian,
phu
thuoc
vao
gradient
ndng
do
cua
monosaccarid
giffa
te bao
mang
ruot
va
mau;
(2)
stf
van
chuyen
tich
ctfc,
khong
phu
thuoc
vao
gradient
ndng
do
ma
phu
thuoc
vao
nang
Itfdng
cung
cap,
cd
che'
nay
xay
ra
doi
vdi
glucose
va
galactose.
Stf
hap
thu
monosaccarid
d
ruot
non
cung
bi
anh
htfdng
bdi
mot
so tac
nhan:
Thyroxin
lam
:ang
qua
trinh
hap
thu
cac
hexose
hay
stf
thay
doi
ndng
do
ciia
cac
cation
dac
biet
la
K+
lam
tang
lap
thu
glucose.
Stf hap
thu
cac hexose tdi
tfu
nhat khi cd mat cac
vitamin
nhom
B
nhtf
thiamin,
pyridoxin va pantothenic acid.
•Nguon glucose
noi
sinh
Nguon
carbohydrat
noi
sinh
chinh
la
glycogen
cua
gan.
Ngoai
glycogen
trong
cd the
con
iguon
carbohydrat
nho la galactose,
mannose
va
pentose,
nhtfng
chat nay cd
kha
nang
chuyen
thanh
glucose.
Ngoai
ra
trong
cd the c6n cd
nhirng
thanh
phan
khong
phai carbohydrat cd
kha
nang
tao
glucose
nhtf:
(1)
cac acid
amin
dtfdc
xem la
mot
trong
nhtfng
nguon
nguyen lieu de
tdng
hdp
carbohydrat (2)
lipid,
cdc acid beo khong cd kha nang chuyen thanh glucose
nhtfng
phan
glycerol
itfdc
xem
la nguon
tao
glucose.
1.2.
Stf dung glucose ciia cd
the7
Thoai
hoa
De cung
cap
ndng
lUOng
cho cd the glucose bi thoai hoa hoan toan thanh C02 va H20
(dtfdng pyruvat), qua trinh nay xay ra d
tat
ca
cac
mo.
Tong hop dang
du
trU
Khi
khong
cd
nhu
cau nang
Itfdng
khan cap hay
nhu
cau tdng hdp cac san pham dac biet
thi
Itfdng
thffa glucose se dtfdc dtf trtf dtfdi dang glycogen
6*
gan va mo. Ltfdng glycogen dtf
trff
rong cd the co gidi nan, khi vtfdt gidi han nay ltfdng glucose thiia se dtfdc chuyen thanh acid beo
a dtf trtf dtfdi dang triglycerid trong mo md.
Sit dung tong hop cac thanhphan khac
Mot phan glucose
dtfdc
stf
dung
de tdng
hdp:
-
Ribose
va
deoxyribose
can
cho
tdng
hdp acid
nucleic.
-Mannose, glucosamin, galactosamin, neuramic acid(thanh phan ciia cac
mucopolysaccharid va glycoprotein)
-Glucuronic acid (tham gia trong
cac
phan tfng khtf doc -detoxication).
-Galactose (trong thanh phan ciia glycolipid va lactose)