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– +bO'^c>;79`a''
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w'
p8l;'VZo9'@9;8'ABC'
e)'sÄÅ+0'()'*)+,'2',Çs'
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• WXWX#Y&9"#%"LDZ#
• Vi khu!n là nh"ng sinh v#t $%n bào r&t nh' mà
m(t th)*ng không nhìn th&y $)+c, mu,n quan
sát $)+c ph-i nhìn qua kính hi.n vi có $/ phóng
$0i l1n hàng tr2m l3n.
• Kích th)1c c4a vi sinh v#t $)+c $o b5ng $%n v6
Micromet (1µO'{%#%$$$'OO`R'
!"#$"#!$%&'
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• !"#$%&'($#)$*+,$#-.$/,$0,'1$/234$
• !"#$%&'($#)$15,4$
• !"#$%&'()*$&$()*$+&&
• !"#$%&$,$%&$%()-.&&
• !"#$%&/,$%&$%()-.+&&
• Trên c! th" ng#$i&&
• !"#$%&0&(1/&&
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• 230&,&$()78&&
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T7 C8U
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TR9C KHU:N
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• N#%c: chi&m 75 ÷ 85% tr'ng l#(ng vi khu)n
• Thành ph*n h+u c!: ch, y&u là Protid,
Gluxid, Lipid.
• Mu-i vô c!: Ca, P, K,.&
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2
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1
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4.4.Dinh d!"ng: '
• Vi khu!n là nh"ng $%n bào không có b/
máy tiêu hoá.''
• Vi khu!n th!m th&u thCc 2n qua màng
nh* các lo0i men''
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Th!m th$u b* #+ng
Chuy,n v-n nhóm
àKõ;7';7ZKõ9'
àKõ;7'CXZ;7'
S'
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Enzym-2'
S'
P'
HPr'
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S'
Enzym-1'
+ PEP'
S'
S'
S'
P'
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Enzym-2'
S'
Khuy.ch tán xúc ti.n
Chuy,n v-n ch/ #+ng
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àKõ;7'CXZ;7'
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• U:5&'"V$(&<=&(W4+&&&
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• FZ/&'?+&&&&&
• D(O'&9(5$%&B)$(+&&&
• D(O'&%30&B?'+&&&
• K)'48)$&&
4.7. #nh h$%ng c!a ngo&i c'nh tác ()ng lên
Vi khu*n:'
• [P:&'?&J\'&A]+&
– Nhi8t 36
– X^&.N&
– 5.&B:O'&'(;8&'(O:&
– @_/&`a&
– F)*:&38&
• [P:&'?&(#5&(1/+&/b/&/(O'&(#b&(1/&
• [P:&'?&B)$(&J\'+&
– Ch9t 3-i kháng
– Phagi!
– D(O'&9Q/(&'(Q/(&
%å'
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y%&gj%1#2U4#)F#'()#0I#
A&"L)#ez'
y%&gj%1#2U4#)F#'()#0I#
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STT
Nhoùm vi sinh vaät
Aw min
1
Phaàn lôùn vi khuaån G-
0,97
2
Phaàn lôùn vi khuaån G+
0,90
3
Phaàn lôùn naám men
0,88
4
Phaàn lôùn naám sôïi
0,80
5
Vikhuaån öa maën
0,75
6 Moät soá naám sôïi khaùc
0,60
y%&gj%1#2U4#)F#'()#0I#
|%$9%1'
!$'
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y%&gj%1#2U4#)F#'()#0I#
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" pH
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pH
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
N&m m,c
N&m men
Vi sinh
v"t gây
b+nh
Vi khu!n Lactic
Staphyloccocus aureus
Acetobacer sp.
E. Coli
Clostridium botulinum
Bacillus cereus
Vibrio sp.
!%'
!"#$"#!$%&'
y%&gj%1#2U4#)F#&V?#&*+#
8&C)#ez+#'E#+&C)#N"L)#3&45%'
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• Có kh- n2ng tan trong n)1c
• Ch&t diEt khu!n không $)+c có mùi, v6 và không
gây $/c h0i cho ng)*i.
• BHn v"ng trong b&t kI $iHu kiEn b-o qu-n nào.
• Không gây tác dDng phá huJ dDng cD chCa cKng
nh) thiLt b6 kM thu#t.'
Nhi4m khu!n'
• NhiNm khu!n (infection) là kLt qu- c4a sO
t&n công vào c% th. bFi 1 vi sinh v#t (vi
khu!n, virut, kP sinh trùng, n&m....)
• Quá trình nhiNm khu!n chQ tr0ng thái c4a
c% th. tR khi vi sinh v#t gây bEnh (vi trùng,
virut hoSc kP sinh trùng) vào c% th. t1i khi
có th. phDc hGi hoSc chLt'
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1. Kích th)1c c4a virut
- R&t nh' bé: Kho-ng 10 –100nm (1nm=10-4A0 =
10-6mm)
- ChQ có th. quan sát b5ng kính hi.n vi $iEn tT
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D0ng có v' bUc (c&u t0o phCc t0p):
D0ng c&u t0o
tr3n (d0ng
$%n gi-n):
Có v' bUc bên ngoài v' capsit và
trên có g(n các gai Glycoprotein.
+ V' ngoài có c&u t0o gGm lipit và
protein gi,ng nh) màng nguyên sinh
ch&t, có chCc n2ng b-o vE
Virut c&u t0o
chQ có lõi và
v' capside
(gi,ng c&u t0o
chung)
+ Gai glycoprotein có chCc n2ng
kháng nguyên, giúp virut bám trên
bH mSt tL bào.
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Virut
Tính chất
Vikhuẩn
Có cấu tạo tế bào
Å#
Ç#
Ç#
Å#
Chỉ chứa AND hoặc
ARN
Chưa cả AND và ARN
Å#
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Chứa Ribosome
Å#
Sinh sản độc lập
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