Influence of temperature on expander stability and on the cycle life of negative plates

The influence of temperature and the type of expander on the cycle life of negative lead±acid battery plates set to cycling tests following the requirements of the ECE-15 test protocol has been investigated. The plates prepared with the currently used expanders Vanisperse (Vs) or Indulin (In) alone have a considerably shorter cycle life than negative plates produced with a blend of the two expanders.