BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO NGÂN HÀNG NHÀ NƢỚC VIỆT NAM
TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGÂN HÀNG TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH
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LÊ KIẾN LÂM TUYỀN
HẠN CHẾ RỦI RO TÍN DỤNG
TẠI NGÂN HÀNG TMCP AN BÌNH (ABBANK)
CHI NHÁNH TPHCM
KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP
CHUYÊN NGÀNH: TÀI CHÍNH - NGÂN HÀNG
MÃ SỐ: 7340201
NGƢỜI HƢỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC
TS. LÊ ĐÌNH HẠC
TP HỒ CHÍ MINH, NĂM 2018
TÓM TẮT KHÓA LUẬN
Ngân hàng thƣơng mại chiếm một vai trò quan trọng trong nền kinh tế, xã hội và
đời sống mỗi ngƣời. Đây là nơi ngƣời dân an tâm gửi tiền khi có tiền nhàn rỗi, vay
vốn khi cần tiền để sản xuất kinh doanh, phục vụ đời sống,.. Do đó các Ngân hàng
thƣơng mại luôn nằm trong sự quản lý chặt chẽ của pháp luật và nhà nƣớc để đảm
bảo sự hoạt động của Ngân hàng an toàn. Vì đây là ngành kinh doanh dựa trên tiền
bạc và là nơi nắm giữ tiền của ngƣời dân nên việc kiểm soát các rủi ro trong hoạt
động càng đƣợc quan tâm nhiều hơn.
Thông qua quá trình thực tập và nghiên cứu tại Ngân hàng thƣơng mại cổ phần
AN Bình, tác giả thực hiện đề tài khóa luận: “Hạn chế rủi ro tín dụng tại Ngân hàng
TMCP An Bình chi nhánh TP Hồ Chí Minh”. Với mục tiêu là đề ra các biện pháp
hạn chế rủi ro tại Ngân hàng sau khi phân tích thực trạng rủi ro tín dụng tại Ngân
hàng, tác giả sử dụng phƣơng pháp định tính, thống kê và phân tích để thấy đƣợc
những mặt còn hạn chế trong công tác quản lý rủi ro tín dụng của Ngân hàng.
Qua quá trình phân tích có thể thấy hoạt động tín dụng của Ngân hàng trong thời
gian vừa qua có sự tăng trƣởng ổn định nhƣng cũng còn nhiều mặt hạn chế. Từ
những hạn chế và nguyên nhân đó, tác giả sẽ đề ra những biện pháp giảm thiểu rủi
ro tín dụng trong quá trình hoạt động của Ngân hàng, góp phần làm hoạt động kinh
doanh của Ngân hàng an toàn và tốt hơn.
ABSTRACT
Commercial banks play an important role in the economy, society and deepening
of each person's life the life of each person. It is not only a place for people to
deposit money, save money, borrow capital when needed to produce business, but
also provide financial support to customers when they need to buy houses, buy cars
to service and improve the quality of life, help them to have financial resources for
study abroad or invest. Especially in the modern industrialization era, when the
economy is expanded and developed, the speed of human life is faster, the services
and products of the bank need to be changed and replaced to meet all the needs of
client. With the advancement of technology and science technology, banks are
gradually developing, bringing the most convenience to customers. Customers do
not need to go to a bank or a bank branch when they want to make transactions such
as money transfer, bill payment anymore, but just through the application on the
phone can be to do so easily. It is also because the banking products and services
are more and more convenient, so the risks associated with it are also increasing.
Commercial banks are always in the strict control of the law and the state to ensure
the operation of the Bank safe and effective. As this is a money-based business and
a place to hold people's money, the more operational risk management is concerned.
Bank risk can come from a number of factors such as unusual changes in policies,
natural disasters, storms and floods, due to the unstable economy; loose legal
environment, lack of synchronization; political and social changes at domestic and
foreign; the fluctuation of the economy, ... Or the risk may come from within the
bank itself such as loose credit policy, the staff do not comply with regulations, the
department is not effective, ethics bad employee, internal control is not tight; ... or
may also be from the customer that the bank is serving such as poor business
ability, ability to organize business production of the leadership is limited;
customers use the wrong capital’s purpose; clients are not willing to repay,... Risk
can come from many sides and cannot be avoided. In the Bank's activities, credit
activities are considered as an important area, bringing the main profit, affecting the
existence and development of the Bank. This is also the most risky activity for the
Bank. The impact of the credit risk will cause bad consequences for the Bank,
particularly the business results of the Bank is reduced, bringing the Bank into
bankruptcy. And even higher it will affect the whole banking system and the whole
economy.
In recent years, the state has restructured the bank system and accelerated the
handling of bad debts, contributing to the country's economic development in the
new period. However, there are still unresolved issues in the implementation
process. Credit information is lacking of credibility and transparency, the handling
of security assets in the bank still face many difficulties, existing loans, debt is
difficult to recover. These issues will lead to risks to the Bank if not handled well.
The assessment, appraisal and good management of loans, disbursements will limit
the credit risks that the bank will face, and will inevitably reduce bad loans for the
Bank. Therefore, how to manage credit risk effectively is a problem that
commercial banks, managers and researchers are very interested in, especially in the
financial and financial situation in global fluctuations as today.
Throughout the internship and research process at An Binh Commercial Joint
Stock Bank, the author has conducted a thesis entitled "Credit risk mitigation at An
Binh Commercial Joint Stock Bank - Ho Chi Minh City Branch". The objective
of this thesis is to set risk mitigation measures in the Bank after analyzing the
current situation of credit risk at the Bank. By collecting data from bank documents,
the author uses qualitative, statistical and analytical methods to see the limited
aspects of the Bank's credit risk management.
The lecture is divided into three chapters. Chapter one is an overview of credit
risk at banks. This chapter at first will discuss the concept of credit activity at
commercial banks, and also write about the classification as well as the
characteristics of credit operations. Next, the author will present concepts,
classification and criteria for credit risk assessment. In addition, the causes of credit
risk as well as the consequences of the risk will also be discussed in this chapter. In
addition, chapter one will also include lessons learned in mitigating risks of banks
around the world so that banks in Vietnam can learn. Chapter one will provide a
theoretical basis for the author to analyze the bank's current situation in the next
chapter.
In chapter two, the author will analyze the current credit risk situation in
ABBANK. Firstly, the author will present an overview of the formation process as
well as the information about An Binh Commercial Joint Stock Bank and Ho Chi
Minh City Branch such as vision, mission, core values of the bank and business
performance of the branch. In addition, the products and services that banks are
providing now as well as the credit granting process will also be covered in this
chapter. Next, the author will analyze the current credit situation of the branch to
see the performance of the branch in the past. then the author analyzes the credit
risk at the branch through the criteria mentioned in chapter one, including overdue
debt, bad debt and credit risk reserve. It will conclude that the results the branch has
achieved, the causes that exist and the reasons for that limitation. This would be the
basis for suggesting banking measures to limit credit risk in the next chapter.
Chapter three is also the final chapter of the thesis. Chapter three will work out
solutions to mitigate credit risks and also make recommendations to the State Bank
of Vietnam and ABBANK itself to create a more efficient working environment.
First in this chapter are the bank's future directions, the proposed measures must be
consistent with the objectives of the bank, contributing to improve the bank's
operational efficiency and credit quality. In the next section, based on the causes
and limitations of the bank in chapter two, the author will propose measures to
reduce the risk of the bank. Finally, the author will present recommendations to the
State Bank and the bank itself to improve and improve the quality of factors
affecting the operation of the bank
Through the process of analysis, it can be seen that the Bank's credit activities in
recent years have had stable growth but also many limitations. Credit growth of
banks has increased, with the proportion of individual customers increasing rapidly.