ACADEMY
VIETNAM SOCIAL SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
NGUYEN THI HONG HANH
KARL MARX, FRIEDRICH ENGELS, V. I. LENIN'S
VIEWPOINTS ON HUMAN'S RIGHTS AND THE VALUE
TO VIETNAM
Specialty: Philosophy Code: 922 90 01
SUMMARY OF THESIS WILL ADVANCES THE
PHILOSOPHY
HA NOI - 2021
The work is completed at:
Academy of Social Sciences
Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences
Science instructor:
Associate Professor. Dr. Chu Van Tuan
Reviewer 1: ..........................................................
Reviewer 2: ......................................................... Reviewer 3: .........................................................
The thesis will be defended in front of the Academy of Thesis
Judging Council, at: Academy of Social Sciences, 477 Nguyen Trai,
Thanh Xuan, Hanoi At the time of date May 2021
The thesis can be found at:
- National Library of Vietnam
- Library of the Academy of Social Sciences
LIST OF PUBLISHED SCIENTIFIC WORKS
1. Nguyen Thi Hong Hanh (2018), "Marxist-Leninist views on
freedom and equality", Journal of Education and Society, Special Issue
2, May.
2. Nguyen Thi Hong Hanh (2019), "Some views of Marxism-
Leninism on women's rights and children's rights", Journal of Human
Resources, Social Sciences, No. 02 (69).
3. Nguyen Thi Hong Hanh (2019), "Ensuring human rights in
Vietnam today", Journal of Education and Society, Special Issue 2,
March.
4. Nguyen Thi Hong Hanh (2020), "Concept, origin,
characteristics and nature of human rights in the conception of the
Marxist founders", Journal of Philosophy, No. 6 (349), month 6.
PREAMBLE
1. The urgency of the topic
Human rights , also known as human rights, are sacred and
noble values, the result of a blood and tearful struggle in human
history, the process of human rights development reflects
development. and social progress, at the same time human rights is an
expression of deep humanistic and humanitarian values. Ensuring and
protecting the rights of the people is always one of the important tasks
that nations carry out, in order to contribute to the stability and
development of the country, at the same time this is also a premise for
peace and prosperity. prosperity of all humanity.
When researching human rights, we cannot ignore the
conceptions and thoughts of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, VILenin, because
they have given many insightful thoughts, at the same time giving
correct explanations. for the core issues of human rights . Their ideas
have been proven by history to be scientific, revolutionary, many of
them still still valid today, having a great influence on all countries,
including Vietnam. C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, VILenin have repeatedly
mentioned the fight for industrial rights in general, some specific rights
such as freedom, equality rights, women's rights, children's rights in
particular, Giving everyone rights is considered a very urgent task. In
which the idea of freedom, equal rights is considered the basis, the first
premise for man to exist in the true human sense and also the
foundation for other rights to be exercised.
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In the light of Marxist-Leninist classics, in Vietnam, the
protection and enforcement of human rights is always an important
content throughout the process of leading the country of the Party and
State. In the Party's guidelines and lines, the State's policies and laws
always aim at ensuring and maximizing the people's rights. In recent
years, effective civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights
have contributed to ensuring the rights and interests of the people.
Aside from these achievements, there are still some shortcomings that
need to be addressed. Theoretically, our Party always affirms that
Marxism-Leninism is the foundation of thought, a guideline for action,
so the study and clarification of the concept of industrialism as well as
the application of ideas of the Classics need to continue to be
elucidated, thereby asserting the value and sustainable vitality of those
ideas. In practical terms, the guarantee and implementation of human
rights of the people still have violations, foreign hostile forces have
colluded with domestic reactionaries to make distorted and misleading
claims. about our country's human rights situation, in order to serve
their plots. In addition, women and children are also vulnerable in
society, vulnerable to rights violations and in need of protection.
Human rights is a historical category, influenced by historical
context, at the same time always moving along with the development
of history. Therefore, in the current context, ensuring human rights
also needs to be adjusted accordingly. In the current context of
globalization and deep international integration, Vietnam cannot help
but integrate internationally into industrialization, we have to
"Vietnamize" the views and international laws on industrial protection
2
accordingly. with the country's conditions to better ensure the people's
legitimate rights and interests, and in line with the new situation.
In the new context, before the requirements of the country's
development as well as the requirements set out from the practice of
ensuring industrialization in Vietnam, the continuation of research and
clarification of concepts of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, VILenin on human
rights, especially the conception of a number of specific rights such as
freedom, equality, women's rights, children's rights and the application
of that concept in current Vietnamese practice is what necessary. At
the same time, the inheritance, development, and creative application
of the notions of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, VILenin about human rights
brought great meaning to Vietnam, is the foundation and orientation
for the continue to improve undertakings, lines and policies as well as
ensure the implementation of human rights and fight against the
distorting claims of hostile forces about the human rights situation in
our country today. That is the reason why the author chose the topic
"Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, V. I. Lenin's viewpoints on human's
rights and the value to Vietnam" as his thesis, with the desire to
contribute to the lightening further demonstrating the conceptions of C.
Marx, Ph.ngghen, VILenin on some basic industrial rights, pointing
out the meaning of those concepts for the recognition and
implementation of industrial rights in our country, contributing to
ensuring the and better protection of human rights in Vietnam today.
2. Objectives and research tasks of the thesis
2.1. Target
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The dissertation contributes to clarify the conceptions of C.
Marx, Ph.ngghen, V.I.Lenin on some basic industrial rights such as
freedom, equality, women's rights and children's rights. On that basis,
the thesis shows the meaning of the notions of industrialism of C.
Marx, Ph.ngghen, VILenin in the process of recognizing, respecting,
ensuring, protecting, and enforcing human rights in Vietnam. The
current.
2.2. Mission
Firstly, to present and analyze the conditions and premise for
forming the concept of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, V.I.Lênin on human
rights.
Secondly, studying the views of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen,
V.I.Lenin on freedom, equality rights, women's rights, children's
rights.
Thirdly, analyzing the meaning of ideas of C. Marx,
Ph.ngghen, VILenin on the national government for the process of
theoretical awareness and building policies and policies of the Party,
the State's legal policies on human permission; ensuring the
implementation of human rights in Vietnam; in the fight against the
distorted rhetoric of hostile forces in our country today.
3. The dissertation's research object and scope
3.1. Research subjects
The research object of the thesis is the conceptions of C. Marx,
Ph.ngghen, VILenin on freedom, equality rights, women's rights,
children's rights and the meaning of those concepts for the ensure
implementation of human rights in Vietnam today.
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3.2. Research scope
Due to the limited framework, the thesis does not study all the
conceptions of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, VILenin about human rights , but
only focuses on some of the most basic concepts, that is freedom, right
equality, women's rights, children's rights. The meaning of those
concepts for the process of building policies and policies of the Party,
perfecting policies and laws, ensuring the realization of human rights
and combating wrong views about industrialism in Lately year.
4. Theoretical foundations and research methods of the
thesis
The thesis uses the principles and methodology of dialectical
materialism and historical materialism of Marxism-Leninism,
especially the principle of social existence that determines social
consciousness, the view of relative independence. of social
consciousness for social existence; infrastructure determines
superstructure; objective principles, specific historical principles. On
that basis, it helps to study the conception of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen,
VILenin about the industrialism objectively, comprehensively, with
specific history, born on the basis of the most premise conditions.
regulations, especially placing human rights in the interaction between
society, the state, and economic bases. At the same time, the thesis is
also based on documents, directives, resolutions, guidelines and
policies of the Party and State that are directly related to the issue of
industrial governance.
To perform the proposed tasks, the thesis uses specific
methods such as analysis, synthesis, history and logic, systematization
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and generalization, comparison method, multi-disciplinary approach,
interdisciplinary industry ... to comment on relevant issues.
5. New scientific contributions of the thesis
Firstly, the thesis has analyzed and pointed out the economic,
political and social conditions; about theory and personal qualities for
the formation of the concept of human rights of C.Mac, Ph.ngghen,
V.I.Lenin. In the works that the postgraduate can access, there is no
systematic analysis of the conditions and prerequisites for the
formation of the concept of human rightsof C.Marx, Ph.ngghen,
V.I.Lenin.
Secondly, the thesis has analyzed, presented and clarified the
views of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, V.I.Lenin on industrial rights, freedom,
equal rights, women's rights, children's rights.
Thirdly, to clarify the meanings in the conception of C. Marx,
Ph.ngghen, VILenin on the human rights for the theoretical awareness
process and building the Party's policies and lines, perfecting the legal
policies of the Party. Government; ensuring the realization of human
rights and combating against the wrong and hostile views on
industrialism in our country.
6. The theoretical and practical significance of the thesis
By contributing to the interpretation and clarification of the
contents and concepts of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, VILenin on human
rights for Vietnam, the thesis not only continues to add to the gaps in
the research. systematically researched the human rights concept of the
Marxist classics, continued to clarify the meaning and current value of
the concept of human rights , but also affirmed the promotion of the
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values in the conception of human rights of C Mac, Ph.ngghen,
VILenin in the development and assurance of industrialization in
Vietnam today.
The results of the thesis contribute to providing the theoretical
and practical basis for the Party and the State to refer to in researching
and making policies to protect and ensure the industrial security in our
country.
In addition, the thesis can be used as a document for research,
teaching and reference for those who are interested in the issue of
human rights in Marxism-Leninism, as well as the development and
assurance of human rights in Vietnam. South present.
7. The structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion, references and list of published scientific works of the author related to the thesis, the content of the thesis includes 4 chapters and 14 periods.
Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF RELATED RESEARCH
SITUATION THESIS
1.1. Research situation on the conditions and premise for
forming the conceptions of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, V.I.Lenin on
human rights
This content has been mentioned in a number of research
works: the book "Introduction to some classic works of C.Marx -
Ph.ngghen (the period of formation of Marxism)" by Ngo Thanh
Duong, the book "European History" compiled by Do Duc Thinh,
Nguyen Duc Thuy with ministry-level topic "Basic views of Marxism -
Leninism on human rights and meaning for Vietnam today", book
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"Contribution section on understanding human rights in Vietnam
"studied by Hoang Hung Hai, Nguyen Ba Duong with the book"
Historical value and the significance of the era of Marxism ", research
paper" Human rights thought in period C Marx and Ph.ngghen wrote
"Declaration of the Communist Party" by Chu Hong Thanh published
in the proceedings "Marxist-Leninist views on human rights, civil
rights". The research works have investigated the conditions and
premises that gave rise to the Marxist-Leninist doctrine, that is the
premise of economy, politics, society, personal qualities of the classic.
However, the PhD student has not found the works directly presenting
the conditions and prerequisites for the birth of ideas about the QCN of
C.Marx, Ph.ngghen, V.I.Lenin. When writing chapter 2 of the thesis,
from existing documents, we will analyze to associate with the birth of
the human rights thought of Marxist classics.
1.2. Research situation on the content of concepts of C.
Marx, Ph.ngghen, V.I.Lenin about human rights
The concept of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, VILenin about
industrialism was initially deployed by the Center for Industrialism
Research with many works: Potential topic "Marxist-Leninist view of
human rights, civil rights" Director Hoang Van Hao, book "On human
rights" by C. Marx - Ph.ngghen, lecture series "Theory of human
rights". There is also a ministerial-level topic "The basic views of
Marxism-Leninism on human rights and its meaning to Vietnam
today", chaired by Nguyen Duc Thuy, "Socialism and Rights. people
"of the two authors Dang Dung Chi and Hoang Van Nghia ... Through
the above documents, we can see that the Marxist-Leninist conception
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of QCN has been analyzed under different aspects. The contents often
mentioned are concepts, characteristics, properties, the way to achieve
industrial rights, civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights.
However, in each research work only mentions a few contents in
Marxist-Leninist conception of human rights, there are carefully
analyzed contents, some content is only introduced through. In the
thesis, the PhD student will refer to the research results in these works,
and analyze and clarify some other contents in the concept of human
rights of Marxism-Leninism such as freedom, equal rights. , women's
rights, children's rights.
1.3. Research on human rights and human rights in
Vietnam
There have been many researches on industrialization and
industrial protection in Vietnam, many books have explored this
content, Hoang Van Hao and Chu Hong Thanh with "International
documents on human rights", the book "Child Rights people in China
and Vietnam: tradition - theory and practice "and" Human rights -
theory and practice in Vietnam and Australia "with the cooperation
between the Institute of human rights Research and foreign countries. ,
"Textbook of Theory and Law on Human Rights" edited by Nguyen
Dang Dung - Vu Cong Giao - La Khanh Tung, the book "Human
rights in socialist and association-oriented market economic
conditions. international integration in Vietnam today "edited by
Nguyen Thanh Tuan," Socialism and human rights "by Dang Dung
Chi and Hoang Van Nghia," Protecting and promoting human rights in
Vietnam " in 2018 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, "National Report
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on Human Rights Protection and Promotion in Vietnam under the
Third Periodic Review (UPR) mechanism", 2018, of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs; This content is also chosen by many PhD students as a
research topic and many articles in journals.
Through research works, it can be seen that the QCN issue
has been concerned by many disciplines and researchers. The contents
related to human rights are analyzed and perceived under many
different angles, such as the concept, origin, content, nature and
characteristics of human rights. This issue has always been the concern
of the international community, reflected in international documents
and conventions. The human rights mentioned about a lot, in general
are to ensure and enforce basic human rights for the purpose of human
development and human development.
1.4. The research situation on the significance and conceptual
value of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, V.I.Lenin on human rights to Vietnam
Ministerial-level topic "The basic views of Marxism-Leninism
on human rights and its meaning to Vietnam today", chaired by
Nguyen Duc Thuy, book "Regulations of Vietnamese law on human
rights "Edited by the Standing Office of the Government Steering
Committee on Human Rights," VILenin's thoughts on human rights
and practical values in Vietnam "by Hoang Mai Huong and Nguyen
Hong Hai, three authors Nguyen Tat Giap - Dang Dung Chi - Hoang
Van Nghia co-edited the book "Ensuring human rights under the
conditions of promoting international integration in Vietnam today",
the book "Historical value and significance of the time. Marxism era
"compiled by Nguyen Ba Duong, in 2018 the Vietnamese Ministry of
10
Foreign Affairs published the book" Protecting and promoting human
rights in Vietnam ". Through the survey, the author found that the
authors mainly discussed the meaning and value of Marxism-Leninism
in general for human history, there are a few works that discussed the
significance and theoretical value. , practice of human rights in
Marxist-Leninist philosophy for the development of industrialism in
Vietnam. But this is still a new direction for us to research and learn.
1.5. General comments and issues that need further
research
1.5.1. General comment
Firstly, the issue of human rights has become a common
concern of the international community. Today, human rights has
arisen many new problems, requiring countries, including Vietnam, to
consider thoroughly and cooperate to solve.
Second, in Vietnam, the Party and State have many views,
lines, guidelines and policies to direct human rights activities in
practice.
Third, the literature reviewed mainly studies the conditions,
the premise for the formation of Marxism-Leninism or Marxist-
Leninist philosophy; The premise directly leading to the formation of
ideology about industrialization is very few, mainly presented
alternately and integrated into the general premise.
Fourth, there are many studies on the Marxist-Leninist
conception of human rights.
Fifth, the works often learn about the meaning of Marxism-
Leninism in general for the world and Vietnam, only a few works
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directly discussing the significance and conceptual value of Marxism. -
Renin about human rights for our country today.
1.5.2. Thesis issues need to be further studied
Firstly, to analyze the conditions and premises leading to the
formation of thoughts of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, V.I.Lenin about human
rights.
Second, continue to clarify some theoretical issues about
human rights in the conception of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, V.I.Lenin;
analyze specific content of liberty, equality, women's rights and
children's rights.
Third, analyze the significance of the human rights ideology of
C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, V.I.Lenin for the recognition, respect, assurance,
protection and implementation of human rights in our country.
Chapter 2.
BASIS OF FORMATION AND SOME GENERAL
ISSUES ON HUMAN RIGHTS IN CONCEPT OF C.MARK,
PH.ANGGHEN, V.I.LENIN
2.1. Foundations of concepts of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen,
V.I.Lenin about human rights
2.1.1. Social, political and economic conditions
In European capitalist countries, the rapid development of
industry, strong growth of manufacturing industries brought many
benefits to the bourgeoisie, the exploitation of the working class and
the working class. , basic human rights were not guaranteed and
seriously violated, the conflict between the bourgeoisie and the
proletariat deepened. Claiming legal rights and interests for people
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becomes an urgent requirement for C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, V.I.Lenin to
give ideas about human rights.
2.1.2. The premise of theory
Theoretical premise directly affects the concept formation of
C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, V.I.Lênin about human rights is the concept of
natural rights. Natural rights are human innate and inherent things,
each person is born to be enjoyed by a member of the human family,
and this is also a human need and desire. The natural rights are divine,
inviolable and inalienable rights of man, each must be guaranteed basic
rights and freedoms, these are progressive ideas, creating a great
turning point. in recognizing and protecting the rights of all. These
views have been inherited by the Marxist-Leninist classics and
continue to develop new content and become an important theoretical
premise. In addition, the Law and Declaration of the countries also
have a certain influence on the notions of C.Marx, Ph.ngghen,
V.I.Lenin on the human rights.
2.1.3. Personal qualities of classics
C. Marx, Ph.ngghen and VILenin have overcome all the
difficulties and challenges of the times, before the urgent demands of
life have built up a solid political spirit, the spirit of overcoming all
difficulties. hardship, along with genius intelligence, ability to
summarize practice, generalize into theory, serious work process, have
created outstanding ideas, influencing on a worldwide scale. . From
immense compassion, deep love for people, hatred for oppression and
injustice, the desire to build a free and happy life, classics have
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profound thoughts about human rights to protect people, ensure their
legitimate rights.
2.2. Some general issues in the conception of C. Marx,
Ph.ngghen, V.I.Lenin about human rights
2.2.1. The Origin of Human Rights
Human rights is not endowed, not gifted by a force in society,
but a natural human right. Starting from the point of view that human
is a "biological - social" entity, human nature is the sum of social
relationships, the Marxist classics claim that human rights was born
based on two natural sources. and society. There is a close relationship
between natural and social origins, the same basis for creating the
rights, characteristics and nature of human rights. The natural origin
has shaped the universality and humanity of the rights, while the social
origin creates the history, class, and specificity of the human rights.
2.2.2. Human rights concept
Human rights is the most essential, legitimate and popular
needs of the people, the inevitable rights that people enjoy regardless
of status, class, ethnicity, religion ...; at the same time, associated with
the process of labor, production, fighting with all created slavery and
oppression; is recognized and protected by the society and no one,
force and polity can take away the human rights.
2.2.3. Characteristics of human rights
Firstly, human rights is historical and historical change.
Second, human rights is classy.
Third, human rights is popular and specific.
Fourth, human rights is deeply human.
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Summary of chapter 2
The thoughts on human rights of C.Marx, Ph.ngghen and
V.I.Lenin were born as a natural based on objective conditions and
subjective factors. Under the influence of many factors, the concept of
human rights of Marxist-Leninist classics has many unique features,
contributing to supplementing and developing the thinking and
awareness of the human family about human rights. Thoughts about
the human rights of C.Marx, Ph.ngghen, V.I.Lenin, although over the
centuries, they still prove their correctness, value and influence to this
day.
Chapter 3
CONTENTS OF THE OBLIGATIONS OF C.MARK,
PHENGHEN, V.I.LOGEN ABOUT SOME BASIC HUMAN
RIGHTS
3.1. Liberty
3.1.1. The concept of freedom and freedom
* The inevitability and connotation of freedom
Freedom is the first and most important basic factor that is
the foundation of human rights. Freedom is not only aware of the
inevitable, but also the realization (or action) of that inevitability.
* Content of liberty
Freedom is a historical category, with a distinctly classy
nature. Freedom and freedoms are not only considered from an
15
individual perspective, but also extended to the community and social
sphere, everyone should enjoy freedom.
* Ways to bring freedom
In order to bring freedom, first of all to liberate the whole
society, topple the bourgeoisie and the division of the class, take
power to the working people, the force that will perform this task is
the class proletariat and working people around the world.
3.1.2. Some human freedoms
3.1.2.1. Right to freedom of religion
* The inevitability and connotation of the right to freedom of
religion
Religious freedom is one of the basic human needs, belongs to
the spiritual life. As a spiritual need, religion belongs to each person
and each person has the right to religious freedom that no class or force
can prevent.
* Content of freedom of religion
Religion was born based on three sources, that is socio-
economic origin, cognitive origin and psychological origin. Religious
freedom is one of the fundamental human rights. Everyone has the
freedom to choose, change, follow or not follow any religion, freely
spread religion, conduct religious rituals, practice, and not be imposed
by anyone.
* Ways to bring freedom of religion
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In order to bring real rights to everyone, it is necessary to
develop production, improve labor productivity, improve people's
lives, raise people's intellectual level and culture, and fight to eliminate
customs and concepts backward. In addition, it is necessary to
propagate and educate people to understand the negative influences
that are affecting their lives, to avoid harsh and coercive actions. The
resolution of religious issues should not just stop at theoretical
propaganda, but must be linked to the issue of ethnicity, the issue of
class and be conducted in a long term.
3.1.2.2. Freedom of the press
* The inevitability and connotation of press freedom
Freedom of the press is a sharp weapon for the oppressed and
exploited to expose the crimes of the ruler, a means for man to achieve
freedom, to express himself and his creative powers, to be the way for
people to perfect themselves, belongs to everyone. Therefore, no class
or state can abolish the people's right to freedom of the press.
* Content of press freedom
Freedom of the press plays a great role in human life, is an
important premise for people to be liberated politically and is a
premise and condition for bringing other freedoms. In order for people
to have the right to freedom of the press, first of all, they must have
freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of thought and will,
and to speak their thoughts and opinions.
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* Ways to bring press freedom
In order to bring practical rights to themselves and other poor
classes, the working class and all walks of life must crush the yoke of
bourgeois dominance, eliminate oppression, exploitation, injustice,
Since then, there will be no bourgeois situation that takes advantage of
writers, takes advantage of the press to seek their own benefits, and
goes against the good purposes of the press.
3.2. Equality
* The inevitability and connotation of equal rights
According to C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, VILenin, equality exists
only in human society and is associated with human beings, it is an
equal relationship between people, there is no discrimination. Equality
must be social equality, equality in social status, political and
economic interests, not equality in terms of physical and mental
strength of each person.
* Content of equal rights
Thought as well as the concept of equality is a historical
category associated with certain conditions, circumstances and
institutions. Equal human rights should be recognized in the law and
protected by the law. Equal rights mean that everyone must have equal
needs, enjoy equal political and economic interests, be equal before the
law, and have the same rights and interests protected by the state.
* Ways to bring equal rights
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In order for everyone to have equal opportunities to enjoy IPs,
classes must be abolished, private possession of the means of
production should be abolished in order to gain equality not only in
politics but also in economics. and society. The only way to bring these
things about is to conduct social revolution, to fight the class to
completely abolish slavery.
3.3. Women's rights
* The inevitability and connotation of women's rights
Ensuring women's rights is to ensure stability, prosperity and
national development. In societies where there is still class division,
oppression, exploitation and injustice, the guarantee of women's rights
is even more urgent. Society is only truly liberated when women are
completely liberated. Women need to be guaranteed and fully
exercised of their rights, from economic, political, to cultural and
social rights.
* The reality of women's rights
The woman suffers from slavery, inequality and violation of
human rights due to many reasons, of which economic reasons play a
leading role. In a capitalist society, women's rights are seriously
violated. They suffer many disadvantages and inequalities from family
to society, not enjoying basic human rights. In factories, factories,
women and children labor is used as a form of hard labor.
Furthermore, women suffer inequality in the wages they receive
19
compared to men, despite having the same job and equal time. They
are also not protected by the law, nor are they recognized equal rights
with men.
* Ways to bring back women's rights
Firstly, it is necessary to ensure the labor rights of women.
Second, the woman must be freed from the position of "slave
in the family".
Third, women have the same right to participate in state
affairs, and have the same political rights as men.
Fourth, the law must ensure and protect equal rights of women
with men.
Fifth, the practice of monogamous marriage on the basis of
love and voluntariness.
3.4. Children's rights
* The inevitability and connotation of children's rights
Children are the preschools of the country, the future of the
nation. Children need the care, education and protection of the whole
family, school and society, and enjoy their legitimate rights such as the
right to study, play and participate in work related to children, are
developed to perfect their personality and self.
* Current status of children's rights
Under the capitalist regime, the legitimate rights of children
such as the right to life, the right to be protected, the right to
20
development ... have not been implemented but are seriously violated.
The exploitation of children is quite common and public. The hard
work and poor working conditions have affected the health and lives of
the children. Most children are also deprived of their right to an
education. Caring for and protecting children is the responsibility of
the whole family, community and society, in which the State plays an
important role.
* Ways to bring back children's rights
C. Marx - Ph.ngghen has taken measures: abolishing the
capitalist regime, removing oppression, exploitation, injustice, building
a new socialist regime - socialist. Children need to be freed from
excessive and toxic labor, and take the time and conditions necessary
to nurture them, so that they can develop and perfect their
personalities. One of the important measures is to give the best
education to children.
Summary of chapter 3
Human rights is the inherent natural rights that belong to each
person, thanks to these rights that people can truly live a human life. In
a capitalist society, the violation of IP is serious, and fundamental
human liberty and rights are not enforced. Each person needs to be
guaranteed freedom and freedom, freedom of religion, freedom of the
press, equal rights holders and rights holders. C. Marx, Ph.ngghen,
V.I.Lenin have made a great contribution to considering human rights
21
as a basic human need, associated with human dignity and the struggle
for human liberation associated with the claim. Therefore, the
conception of the Marxist classics has become the theoretical basis and
methodology for the realization and resolution of human rights
problems in this day and age.
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Chapter 4
THE MEANING OF CONCEPT OF
C.MARK, PHENGHEN, V.I.LOGIN
HUMAN RIGHTS FOR VIETNAM TODAY
4.1. Conceptual significance of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen,
V.I.Lenin about human rights to the process of theoretical
awareness and building policies and policies of the Party;
perfecting State policies and laws on human rights
4.1.1. The process of developing our Party's theoretical
awareness and views on human rights
4.1.1.1. The process of developing our Party's theoretical
awareness of human rights
The guarantee and exercise of the people's rights have been
very concerned by our Party and State. In the period before the
renovation, the issue of industrial protection was approached from the
rights of specific people associated with the national rights. Due to the
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limitations and difficulties, many regulations on civil rights have not
been implemented. After the 6th National Party Congress (1986), with
the National Construction Platform in the Transitional Period to
Socialism 1991 together with Directive 12 / CT-TW dated July 12,
1992 of the Ministry of Government Value has created conditions for
the completion of policies and guidelines as well as the basis for
ensuring human rights in practice. The Party's theoretical awareness
on human rights has strongly developed, shown in the following
aspects:
One is, in terms of the position and role of human rights.
Human rights increasingly plays an important role in the cause of
national construction and defense.
Second, about the content of human rights. Human rights have
been increasingly improved, from civil rights, politics to economy,
society, and culture.
Thirdly, in practice, the people's rights have been increasingly
guaranteed; The Party and State have the responsibility to protect and
raise the enjoyment of rights for everyone.
4.1.1.2. Our Party's views on human rights
Firstly, human rights is the common value of all humanity.
Second, human rights is the unity between class and
nationality.
Third,human rights is both popular and specific.
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Fourthly, human rights must be regulated in the legal system.
Fifth, the implementation and protection of human rights is
first of all the responsibility of each nation, the party, the state, and the
government.
Sixth, national independence and socialism are the premise
and conditions for ensuring and exercising human rights.
Seventhly, rights are attached to individual obligations toward
the country.
Eighthly, to increase research, education and international
cooperation in the field of human rights.
4.1.2. Conceptual significance of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen,
V.I.Lenin on human rights to the promulgation of the Constitution and
laws related to human rights
Our Party has issued 5 copies of the Constitution (Constitution
1946, 1959, 1980, 1992, and 2013). In the following constitution, the
human rights and civil rights are inherited and added new contents,
suitable to the new situation of the country. The 2013 Constitution has
created a solid legal foundation, created a new driving force for the
comprehensive development of the country and operated the entire
social life on the basis of democracy and the rule of law. On the basis
of the Constitution, laws are enacted to concretize the protection and
guarantee of people's rights; This is also an important tool for
implementing human rights.
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4.2. Conceptual significance of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen,
V.I.Lenin about human rights to the guarantee and
implementation of human rights in Vietnam today
4.2.1. Assurance of exercise of liberty
The Party and State, through many specific undertakings and
policies, have realized in practice the people's right to freedom in the
fields of economy, culture, religion, belief, press and speech. The
outstanding results on these contents are a clear proof that human
freedoms are increasingly guaranteed, everyone's human rights is
increasingly maintained and strengthened.
4.2.2. Ensuring the exercise of equal rights
Equal rights are the establishment of human status before the
law, non-discrimination in the enjoyment of rights and performance of
obligations, equal status and protection of the law. The people's equal
rights have been exercised in all areas of life, such as in the right to
education, to raise awareness, in handling violations of civil and
criminal cases, everyone has the right to give opinions to contribute to
the guidelines and policies of the Party and the State.
4.2.3. Ensuring the exercise of women's rights
The Party and State always pay attention to women's rights
and create all conditions for women to exercise their rights. Many
projects and programs have been implemented, women participate
more and make a great contribution to the socio-economic
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development. The results achieved in practice confirm that women are
increasingly guaranteed and better exercised of their rights, actively
contributing to the development of the country, and the role and
position of women are enhanced in society.
4.2.4. Ensuring the exercise of children's rights
The State of Vietnam adopts many programs and plans to
ensure and protect the rights and interests of children, and at the same
time create all conditions for them to exercise their rights. In child
protection, care and education activities, there is the cooperation of
family - school - society, with the participation of socio-political
organizations, economic organizations, and communal organizations.
The associations, professional social organizations, the state create
conditions for them to develop physically, perfect their knowledge and
personality.
4.3. Conceptual significance of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, V.I.Lenin
about human rights to fight against false and hostile views on human
rights in Vietnam
In the field of human rights, hostile forces take advantage of
the guise of "democracy", "human rights", give false information and
opinions, and hostile in order to negate the achievements we have
achieved, causing internal disunity, reducing people's confidence in the
Party's leadership. In order for the struggle on the field of thought and
reason to be highly effective, it requires that we base on the ideological
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foundation of Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's thought, our Party's
on human rights ; Besides, it is also based on the achievements that
Vietnam has achieved in ensuring and protecting human rights. The
views that the hostile forces often use such as: distorted views on the
issue of "democracy", "human rights" in our country; the concept of
"human rights is higher than sovereignty"; distorted views on religious
and ethnic issues in Vietnam; The allegations that distort and slander
Vietnam strangle freedom of thought, freedom of expression, and press
freedom.
Fighting against false claims of human rights is an urgent,
regular and long-term task of the Party, State and people. The fight not
only takes place by reasoning but also by all forms, active and creative
measures of all individuals and the political system.
Summary of chapter 4
Under the light of Marxist classics on human rights, our Party
and State have issued the Constitution and a system of legal
documents, along with appropriate policies and guidelines to promote
the security and protection of industrial rights in our country develops.
Inherited concepts such as freedom, equality, freedom of the press,
religious freedom, women's rights, children's rights ... Achievements in
human rights protection in our country are quite comprehensive, on all
fronts, the rights and interests of the people are guaranteed and upheld.
The views of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, VILenin about human rights are
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also the theoretical basis and methodology for us to fight against the
claims that distort the human rights issue of the hostile forces inside
and outside. country.
CONCLUDE
Human rights is a noble value full of humanity, is the enduring
result of the entire human race to affirm the value of freedom,
democracy, equality, rights and legitimate interests for mankind.
With the strong development of capitalism, which has made
the violation of human rights become widespread and serious, basic
human rights are not enforced. Under the impact of economic, political
and social conditions; inherited the progressive viewpoint of the
previous philosophical schools, especially the view of natural rights;
especially the genius level of intelligence, the same materialistic
worldview and dialectical methodology, C. Marx, Ph.ngghen and
V.I.Lenin gave the correct and progressive conceptions of human
rights.
Human rights is a natural right, attached to each person,
recognized by society and protected by law, human rights is applied
universally and equally to everyone, without discrimination. Human
rights includes a set of rights in which freedom, equal rights play a
fundamental role, is the basis for people to have other rights. Among
the human freedoms, the right to freedom of religion, belief and
freedom of the press, freedom of speech holds an important position,
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the expression of human spiritual life. Women and children are
vulnerable subjects, so they need to be fully guaranteed their rights, the
state and society need to create all conditions for them to enjoy their
rights.
The views of C. Marx, Ph.ngghen, VILenin about human
rights have great significance, great value, are the theoretical basis,
methodology, the ideological foundation and orientation in building
policies and ways , perfecting legal policies as well as ensuring and
protecting in reality human rights in our country, contributing to the
fight against wrong and hostile views in the field of human rights.
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