Tình trạng nguy cơ suy dinh dưỡng và yếu tố liên quan ở người cao tuổi mắc bệnh đái tháo đường type 2 tại Bệnh viện Nội tiết Trung ương năm 2024

Malnutrition in elderly patients, particularly those with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), represents a critical public health challenge. This vulnerable population faces an elevated risk of poor nutritional status, which can exacerbate existing comorbidities, impair functional independence, and significantly impact overall quality of life and mortality rates. Given the increasing prevalence of T2DM among the aged, understanding the intricate relationship between diabetes and malnutrition is paramount for effective clinical management. Timely assessment of malnutrition risk is essential to guide targeted nutritional interventions and optimize patient outcomes. This study therefore aims to assess the prevalence of malnutrition risk and identify associated factors among elderly T2DM patients receiving treatment at the National Endocrinology Hospital.

Healthcare professionals, clinical nutritionists, dieticians, and public health practitioners involved in the care and management of elderly patients with Type 2 diabetes.

This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of malnutrition risk and its associated factors among 200 elderly patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving treatment at the National Endocrinology Hospital in Vietnam. Conducted between October 2024 and February 2025, the study utilized the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF) tool for risk assessment, with data analyzed using SPSS 28.0. The findings revealed that 20% of the elderly T2DM patients were at risk of malnutrition, and an additional 1.5% were already malnourished. Significant associations were identified between malnutrition risk and several key indicators. Patients with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of ≥ 20 kg/m² exhibited a substantially lower risk of malnutrition compared to those with BMI < 20 kg/m² (OR = 0.074, p < 0.001). Similarly, individuals experiencing less than 5% body weight loss over three months had a reduced risk of malnutrition compared to those with greater weight loss (OR = 0.032, p < 0.001). Furthermore, dietary habits played a crucial role; patients habitually consuming more than 200g of vegetables per meal showed a significantly lower risk of malnutrition than those consuming less than 100g (OR = 0.158, p = 0.027). These results underscore the critical importance of regular nutritional screening, monitoring of BMI and weight changes, and promoting healthy Eating habits, particularly increased vegetable intake, for effective management and prevention of malnutrition among elderly individuals with diabetes. The study’s implications highlight the necessity of implementing targeted nutritional education programs tailored to this vulnerable population to improve their overall health outcomes.