196
75ijű1*ăĵ,+š&6$2ăţ &è8/ĵ&%ŭ.+2$+š&&ò1*1*+ś&ê&75ijű1*ăĵ,+š&.ƍ7+8Ł7
;¿\GðQJE¼QµáSK¿QEâKºPOëöQJF»FWKàQJVâàQKLÔP
NKàQJNK×NKXYðFWØQK+¼L'ëñQJWìGïOLÕXYÕWLQK6HQWLQHO
3752320,
Mapping the spatial distribution of air pollutants in Hai Duong
SURYLQFHXVLQJ6HQWLQHO3752320,VDWHOOLWHGDWD
7UÚQK/Ð+æQJ1/Ð9ÅQ3Kç1
7yPWҳW
+ҧL'ѭѫQJOjÿӏDSKѭѫQJFyWӕFÿӝSKiWWULӇQNLQKWӃ[mKӝLFNJQJQKѭÿ{WKӏ
KyDFDR'RWLӃSJLiSYӟLWӍQK4XҧQJ1LQKOjÿӏDEjQNKDLWKiFWKDQOӟQQKҩWFҧ
QѭӟFFKҩWOѭӧQJNK{QJNKtӣ+ҧL'ѭѫQJFyQKӳQJGLӉQELӃQSKӭFWҥSÿzLKӓL
SKҧLFyVӵWKHRG}LYjTXDQWUҳFOLrQWөF1JKLrQFӭXQj\WUuQKEj\NӃWTXҧWKjQK
OұSEҧQÿӗSKkQEӕNK{QJJLDQWKHRWKiQJYjWKHRQăPKjPOѭӧQJFiFWK{QJ
Vӕ{QKLӉPNK{QJNKtEDRJӗP&212Yj62WUrQÿӏDEjQWӍQK+ҧL'ѭѫQJ
WӯGӳOLӋXYӋWLQK6HQWLQHO3752320,VӱGөQJQӅQWҧQJÿLӋQWRiQÿiPPk\
*RRJOH(DUWK(QJLQH*((.ӃWTXҧ[iFÿӏQKKjPOѭӧQJNK{QJNKtWӯGӳOLӋX
YLӉQWKiPÿѭӧFVRViQKYӟLJLiWUӏJLӟLKҥQFӫDFiFWK{QJVӕFѫEҧQWURQJNK{QJ
NKtWҥL4&91%7107³4X\FKXҭQNӻWKXұWTXӕFJLDYӅFKҩWOѭӧQJ
NK{QJNKt´.ӃWTXҧWKXÿѭӧFWURQJQJKLrQFӭXQj\FXQJFҩSWK{QJWLQNKiFK
TXDQNӏSWKӡLJL~SFiFQKjTXҧQOêWURQJJLiPViWFKҩWOѭӧQJNK{QJNKtWҥLFiF
ÿӏDSKѭѫQJ
7ͳNKyD
ÔQKLPNK{QJNKtYLQWKiP6HQWLQHO3752320,+L'˱˯QJ
Abstract
+DL'XRQJLVDUHJLRQZLWKKLJKHFRQRPLFDQGVRFLDOGHYHORSPHQWDVZHOODVXU
EDQL]DWLRQ'XHWRLWVSUR[LPLW\WR4XDQJ1LQKSURYLQFHWKHODUJHVWFRDOPLQ
LQJDUHDLQWKHFRXQWU\DLUTXDOLW\LQ+DL'XRQJXQGHUJRHVFRPSOH[FKDQJHV
QHFHVVLWDWLQJFRQWLQXRXVPRQLWRULQJDQGVXUYHLOODQFH7KLVVWXG\SUHVHQWVWKH
UHVXOWVRIPDSSLQJWKHVSDWLDOGLVWULEXWLRQRIDLUSROOXWLRQSDUDPHWHUVLQFOXGLQJ
&212DQG62RQDPRQWKO\DQG\HDUO\EDVLVLQ+DL'XRQJSURYLQFHXVLQJ
6HQWLQHO3752320,VDWHOOLWHGDWDDQGWKH*RRJOH(DUWK(QJLQH*((FORXG
FRPSXWLQJSODWIRUP7KH DLU SROOXWDQWV FRQFHQWUDWLRQ FDOFXODWHGIURP UHPRWH
VHQVLQJGDWDDUHFRPSDUHGZLWKWKHOLPLWYDOXHVRIEDVLFDLUSDUDPHWHUVLQWKH9L
1+ßFYLÕQ.úWKXÄW4X¿QVð
.Ƌ<œ8+ŭ,7+ķ2.+2$+š&9á&ò1*1*+ś&è8/ĵ&%ŭ&ê&75ijű1*ăĵ,+š&.ƍ7+8Ł7/Ļ17+Ž
&ê&75ijű1*ăĵ,+š&.ƍ7+8Ł79ů,3+ê775,ŗ1.,1+7œ;â+ŭ,&Ż$ăş$3+ijı1*
197
HWQDPHVH1DWLRQDO7HFKQLFDO5HJXODWLRQRQ$LU4XDOLW\4&91%71
077KHREWDLQHGUHVXOWVLQWKLVVWXG\SURYLGHREMHFWLYHDQGWLPHO\LQIRUPDWLRQ
WRDVVLVWORFDODXWKRULWLHVLQPRQLWRULQJDLUTXDOLW\LQWKHUHJLRQ
.H\ZRUGV
$LUSROOXWLRQUHPRWHVHQVLQJ6HQWLQHO3752320,+DL'XRQJ
ĈҺ79Ҩ1Ĉӄ
ÐQKLӉPNK{QJNKtOjPӝWWURQJQKӳQJYҩQÿӅP{LWUѭӡQJFҩSEiFKQKҩWÿӕLYӟL
FiFTXӕFJLDGRWiFÿӝQJFӫDTXiWUuQKSKiWWULӇQNLQKWӃ[mKӝLFNJQJQKѭVӵJLDWăQJ
GkQVӕ&iFQJKLrQFӭXWUrQWKӃJLӟLFKRWKҩ\FKҩWOѭӧQJNK{QJNKtӣQKLӅXNKXYӵF
ÿm[XӕQJFҩSQJKLrPWUӑQJҧQKKѭӣQJOӟQÿӃQVӭFNKӓHFӫDQJѭӡLGkQ[XQJTXDQK
>@9LӋFѭӟFWtQKYjJLiPViWQӗQJÿӝFiFFKҩWJk\{QKLӉPNK{QJNKtFyYDL
WUzTXDQWUӑQJFXQJFҩSWK{QJWLQNӏSWKӡLJL~SFiFQKjTXҧQOêӭQJSKyYӟL{QKLӉP
P{LWUѭӡQJ
+ҧL'ѭѫQJOjÿӏDSKѭѫQJFyWӕFÿӝSKiWWULӇQNLQKWӃQKDQKTXiWUuQKÿ{WKӏKyD
GLӉQUDPҥQKPӁ%rQFҥQKÿy+ҧL'ѭѫQJFNJQJWLӃSJLiSYӟLWӍQK4XҧQJ1LQKOjÿӏD
SKѭѫQJFyWUӳOѭӧQJWKDQOӟQQKҩWFҧQѭӟF>@7KDQÿmÿyQJYDLWUzTXDQWUӑQJWURQJ
VҧQ[XҩWQăQJOѭӧQJӣ9LӋW1DPWURQJQKLӅXWKұSNӹFXQJFҩSQăQJOѭӧQJFKRFiF
QJjQKF{QJQJKLӋSYjKRҥWÿӝQJFӫDFRQQJѭӡL0һFGFyYDLWUzTXDQWUӑQJWURQJ
SKiWWULӇQNLQKWӃ[mKӝLQKѭQJYLӋFNKDLWKiFYjVӱGөQJWKDQÿmJk\UDQKӳQJWiF
ÿӝQJWLrXFӵFÿӃQP{LWUѭӡQJYjVӭFNKӓHFӝQJÿӗQJ>@ĈLӅXQj\FNJQJҧQKKѭӣQJ
ÿӃQFKҩWOѭӧQJNK{QJNKtӣFiFNKXYӵF[XQJTXDQKWURQJÿyFyWӍQK+ҧL'ѭѫQJ
&iFQJKLrQFӭXWUѭӟFÿk\WKѭӡQJVӱGөQJGӳOLӋXTXDQWUҳFWҥLFiFWUҥPÿRÿӇ
ÿiQKJLiFKҩWOѭӧQJNK{QJNKt1KLӅXQJKLrQFӭXÿmVӱGөQJGӳOLӋXYLӉQWKiPTXDQJ
KӑFÿӇÿiQKJLiFKҩWOѭӧQJNK{QJNKtGӵDWUrQPӕLTXDQKӋJLӳDKjPOѭӧQJ30Yj
SKҧQ[ҥNKtTX\ӇQ[iFÿӏQKWӯGӳOLӋXYLӉQWKiP7KӡLJLDQJҫQÿk\YӋWLQK6HQWLQHO
3YӟLEӝFҧPELӃQ752320,FKRSKpSTXDQWUҳFKjPOѭӧQJQKLӅXWK{QJVӕFKҩW
OѭӧQJNK{QJNKtNKiFQKDXQKѭ&+&21262OjPӝWQJXӗQGӳOLӋXTXDQWUӑQJ
YjKLӋXTXҧFDRSKөFYөQJKLrQFӭX{QKLӉPNK{QJNKt9ӟLÿӝSKkQJLҧLWKӡLJLDQ
FDRYjSKҥPYLEDRSKӫUӝQJGӳOLӋX6HQWLQHO3ÿѭӧFVӱGөQJUӝQJUmLYjKLӋXTXҧ
WURQJYLӋFWKHRG}LQӗQJÿӝFiFWK{QJVӕ{QKLӉPNK{QJNKtӣQKLӅXNKXYӵFNKiF
QKDXWUrQWKӃJLӟL>@
%jLYLӃWQj\WUuQKEj\NӃWTXҧOұSEҧQÿӗSKkQEӕQӗQJÿӝFiFFKҩW{QKLӉP
NK{QJNKtWҥLNKXYӵFWӍQK+ҧL'ѭѫQJWӯGӳOLӋXYӋWLQK6HQWLQHO3'ӳOLӋX6HQWLQHO
3752320,WҥLNKXYӵFQJKLrQFӭXYjRQăPÿѭӧFWKXWKұSÿӇ[k\GӵQJEҧQ
ÿӗQӗQJÿӝWUXQJEuQKKjQJWKiQJFӫDFKҩWJk\{QKLӉPNK{QJNKtEDRJӗP&2
12Yj62.ӃWTXҧQKұQÿѭӧFWURQJQJKLrQFӭXOjQKӳQJWK{QJWLQNKiFKTXDQNӏS
198
75ijű1*ăĵ,+š&6$2ăţ &è8/ĵ&%ŭ.+2$+š&&ò1*1*+ś&ê&75ijű1*ăĵ,+š&.ƍ7+8Ł7
WKӡLJL~SFiFQKjTXҧQOêWKHRG}LYjӭQJSKyYӟLWuQKWUҥQJ{QKLӉPNK{QJNKtWҥL
WӍQK+ҧL'ѭѫQJ
1Ӝ,'81*1*+,Ç1&Ӭ8
.KXYӵFQJKLrQFӭXYjGӳOLӋXVӱGөQJ
.KXYΉFQJKLrQFX
+ҧL'ѭѫQJOjWӍQKWKXӝFĈӗQJEҵQJV{QJ+ӗQJWUҧLGjLWӯ¶ÿӃQ¶ÿӝYƭ
%ҳF¶ÿӃQ¶ÿӝNLQKĈ{QJ+uQK+ҧL'ѭѫQJFyGLӋQWtFKNPðOj
WӍQKFyGLӋQWtFKWUXQJEuQKWURQJVӕFiFWӍQKWKjQKӣ9LӋW1DPÿѭӧFFKLDOjPYQJ
YQJÿӗLQ~LYjYQJÿӗQJEҵQJ1JRjLUD+ҧL'ѭѫQJFNJQJWLӃSJLiSYӟL4XҧQJ1LQK
OjÿӏDEjQNKDLWKiFYjFKӃELӃQWKDQOӟQQKҩWFҧQѭӟF
+uQK9WUtÿDOêNKXYΉFQJKLrQFX
'·OLXV΅GͽQJ
7URQJQJKLrQFӭXQj\GӳOLӋX6HQWLQHO3752320,ÿѭӧFWKXWKұSOLrQWөF
WURQJQăPWҥLWӍQK+ҧL'ѭѫQJÿѭӧFVӱGөQJÿӇ[k\GӵQJEҧQÿӗSKkQEӕQӝL
GXQJFӫDWK{QJVӕ{QKLӉPNK{QJNKtJӗP&212Yj621ӅQWҧQJ*RRJOH(DUWK
(QJLQH*((ÿmÿѭӧFVӱGөQJÿӇWKXWKұSYj[ӱOêGӳOLӋX6HQWLQHO3EҵQJF{QJFө
&{QĈҧR
.Ƌ<œ8+ŭ,7+ķ2.+2$+š&9á&ò1*1*+ś&è8/ĵ&%ŭ&ê&75ijű1*ăĵ,+š&.ƍ7+8Ł7/Ļ17+Ž
&ê&75ijű1*ăĵ,+š&.ƍ7+8Ł79ů,3+ê775,ŗ1.,1+7œ;â+ŭ,&Ż$ăş$3+ijı1*
199
KDUSFRQYHUELQBVSDWLDO'ӳOLӋXÿѭӧF[ӱOêVDXӣFҩSÿӝ/ORҥLEӓFiFSL[HOFyJLi
WUӏ4$QKӓKѫQÿӕLYӟL$(5B$,ÿӕLYӟLGҧLPұWÿӝWURSRVSKHULFB12BFRO
XPQBQXPEHUFӫD12YjÿӕLYӟLWҩWFҧFiFEӝGӳOLӋXNKiFQJRҥLWUӯ2Yj62>@
3KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭX
'ӳOLӋX6HQWLQHO3752320,ӣÿӏQKGҥQJ1HW&')FҩSÿӝ/ÿѭӧFWKXWKұS
WӯFѫVӣGӳOLӋX&RSHUQLFXVVDXÿyÿѭӧF[ӱOêWUrQQӅQWҧQJ*((ÿӇÿҥWÿѭӧFFҩSÿӝ
/YjFKX\ӇQÿәLVDQJÿӏQKGҥQJ7,))GӵDWUrQF{QJFөKDUSFRQYHUELQVSDWLDO
*RRJOH(DUWK(QJLQHOjQӅQWҧQJSKkQWtFKGӳOLӋXNK{QJJLDQÿӏDOêGӵDWUrQ
ÿiPPk\FKRSKpSQJѭӡLGQJWUӵFTXDQKyDYjSKkQWtFKGӳOLӋXKuQKҧQKYӋWLQK
*((OjPӝWF{QJFөKLӋXTXҧYjPҥQKPӁNKL[ӱOêGӳOLӋXYLӉQWKiPÿDWKӡLJLDQ
FKҷQJKҥQQKѭYӟLҧQK6HQWLQHO31ӗQJÿӝ&212Yj62WtQKWRiQWӯGӳOLӋX
6HQWLQHO3FyÿѫQYӏOjPROPWURQJNKLÿѫQYӏWKHRWLrXFKXҭQ9LӋW1DPOjȝJP
QrQVDXNKL[ӱOêFҫQFKX\ӇQÿәLÿѫQYӏÿRWKHRF{QJWKӭF>@
FRO
&
& 0$
H
uu
7URQJÿy
&1ӗQJÿӝFiFFKҩW{QKLӉPNK{QJNKtÿѫQYӏȝJP
&FRO 1ӗQJÿӝFӝWFKҩW{QKLӉPNK{QJNKtWtQKEҵQJÿѫQYӏPROFP
HĈӝFDRNKtTX\ӇQP
$+ҵQJVӕFKX\ӇQÿәLWӯJPVDQJȝJPEҵQJ
M.KӕLOѭӧQJPROFӫDFKҩW{QKLӉPNK{QJNKtJPRO
+jPOѭӧQJFiFWK{QJVӕ{QKLӉPNK{QJNKt[iFÿӏQKWӯGӳOLӋX6HQWLQHO3
ÿѭӧFVRViQKYӟL4X\FKXҭQ4&91%71074X\FKXҭQNӻWKXұWTXӕFJLD
YӅFKҩWOѭӧQJNK{QJNKt[XQJTXDQKÿӇÿiQKJLiFKҩWOѭӧQJNK{QJNKtWҥLNKXYӵF
QJKLrQFӭX%ҧQJ
%QJ*LiWUJLͳLKQWLÿDȝJPFͿDFiFFKWJk\{QKLPNK{QJNKtWURQJ
4&91%7107>@
TT 7K{QJVӕ 7UXQJEuQK
JLӡ
7UXQJEuQK
JLӡ
7UXQJEuQK
JLӡ
7UXQJEuQK
QăP
1&2
12 100
362350 50
.ӂ748Ҧ9¬%¬1/8Ұ1
'ӳOLӋX6HQWLQHO3752320,FKRFҧQăPVDXNKLWKXWKұSYj[ӱOê
200
75ijű1*ăĵ,+š&6$2ăţ &è8/ĵ&%ŭ.+2$+š&&ò1*1*+ś&ê&75ijű1*ăĵ,+š&.ƍ7+8Ł7
ÿѭӧFVӱGөQJÿӇ[k\GӵQJEҧQÿӗSKkQEәQӗQJÿӝWUXQJEuQK&212Yj62
WKHRWKiQJEҵQJSKҫQPӅP$UF*,6ĈѫQYӏQӗQJÿӝFӫDFiFNKt{QKLӉP
NK{QJNKtFNJQJÿѭӧFTX\ÿәLWӯPROPVDQJȝJPWKHRF{QJWKӭF
%ҧQÿӗSKkQEӕKjPOѭӧQJ&2WUXQJEuQKWKiQJQăPNKXYӵF
QJKLrQFӭX
+uQK%QÿSKkQEKjPOͻQJ&2WUXQJEuQKWKiQJQăPNKXYΉF
QJKLrQFX
+uQKWKӇKLӋQEҧQÿӗSKkQEӕKjPOѭӧQJ&2WKHRWKiQJQăPWҥLWӍQK+ҧL
'ѭѫQJWӯGӳOLӋX6HQWLQHO3&yWKӇWKҩ\QӗQJÿӝ&2WҥL+ҧL'ѭѫQJFyVӵFKrQK
OӋFKOӟQJLӳDFiFWKiQJFӫDQăPWURQJÿyQӗQJÿӝ&2FDRQKҩWYjRWKiQJYӟL
JLiWUӏGDRÿӝQJWӯȝJPÿӃQȝJP.KXYӵFFyQӗQJÿӝ&2FDR
QKҩWQҵPӣFiFKX\ӋQ.LQK0{QYjKX\ӋQ1DP6iFK7URQJWKiQJQӗQJÿӝ&2
WURQJNK{QJNKtÿҥWPӭFWKҩSQKҩWWӯȝJPÿӃQȝJP1ӗQJÿӝ&2
WăQJWURQJFiFWKiQJFXӕLQăPWUrQȝJPQKѭQJYүQWKҩSKѫQQӗQJÿӝ
&2WURQJWKiQJÿҫXQăP
0һFG4&91%7707NK{QJTX\ÿӏQKJLiWUӏJLӟLKҥQQӗQJÿӝ&2
WUXQJEuQKKjQJWKiQJQKѭQJTXDVRViQKYӟL%ҧQJFKRWKҩ\QӗQJÿӝ&2WҥL+ҧL
'ѭѫQJUҩWFDRWKҩSQKҩWWӯJPJҫQEҵQJJLӟLKҥQFKRSKpSWKHRJLiWUӏ
WUXQJEuQKJLӡWURQJ4&91%7707
