KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
AIMH HUQIMG CUA VI KHUAIM CO DflMH DAIVI
Burkhalderia trapicalis & B. tropica, PHAIM DAIVI
Vd CQ, PHAIM BOIM LA DEIM IMAIMG SUAT VA CHAT
LUOIMG T R AI KHOIVI TROIMG TREIM DAT PHEIM HUYEIM
TAIM PHUQC, TIIMH TIEIM GIAIMG
T6MTAT
Danh gia anh huong cua bdn d6ng vi khuan c6 djnh dam Burkholderia tropicalisva B. tropicaket hop vod
cac beu luong phan dam hoa hoc va phan bon la cho cay khom trong tren dat phen xa Hung Thanh va
Thanh My, huyen Tan Phuoc, tinh Tien Giang tir nam 2008 den 2011. Ket qua cho thay phan sinh hoc c6
ehua 4 dong vi khuan cd dinh dam da tac dong tich cue den sinh truong, phat trien cua cay khom, lam tang
thanh phan nang suat, nang suat, chat luong trai khom. Sir dung phan sinh hoc ciing vol 150 kg N/ha cho
nang suat tuong duong voi nghiem thiic khom chi bon 300 kg N/ha. Bon phan sinh hoc lam giam duoc 50%
lugng phan dam hoa hoc va tang chat luong trai khom.
TIT kh6a; Cay khom, chat luong, nang suat, phan sinh hoc.
Trin Thanh PhongS Cao Ngpc Didp^
L O A T V A N DE
nhirng nim gan diy ludn diing d miic cao lim cho
chi phi dau tu sin xuat khdm ting, lim giam thu
nhap trong canh tic khdm.
Ngiy nay. nhidu nghidn cuu trong vi ngoii nude
cho thay hidu qui ciia nhirng loii vi khuan ed ich
trong quin ly siu bdnh hoac giup eay trdng ting
trudng, han ehd lupng phan bdn hda hpc nhu cic loii
vi khuan phin lip tir trong ciy liia, bip, mia. khdm,
chudi...
Khdm {Ananas comosus L.) la cay in qua nhiet
ddi cd gia tq kinh td cao. dupe diing dd in tuoi hoac
che bien phuc vu cho tidu diing trong nude vi xuat
khau. Ciy khdm dupe trdng phd bien b cic nude
nhidt ddi. 6 nude ta, khdm dupe trdng trdn nhidu
viing sinh thii tir Bic den Nam, ke ea tren nhCmg
viing dat ddi niii hay d viing dat phen ciia ddng bang
sdng Ciru Long, tap trung b cic tinh Tien Giang,
Long An, Ci Mau, Hau Giang, Kien Giang. Tien
Giang li tinh cd dien tich trdng khdm Idn, vdi hon
11.811 ha (Phdng Ndng nghiep vi PTNT huyen Tan
Phudc. tinh Tidn Giang. 2010). ehidm trdn 50% didn
tich trdng khdm eua ddng bang sdng Cuu Long
(Vien Cay in qua mien Nam. 2011).
Viec img dung vi khuan cd ich vio sin xuat dudi
dang che pham sinh hpc nhim han ehd lupng phin
dam hda hpc, giam nguy ca 6 nhidm thuc pham. vira
than thien vdi mdi trudng li nhu cau thidt thuc trong
didu kien canh tic hien nay. Vi vay. mue tidu ciia thi
nghiem li dinh gii hidu qua vi khuan cd djnh dam
Burkholderia tropicalis va B. tropica trong canh tic
ciy khdm trdng tren dat phen huyen Tan Phudc, tinh
Tien Giang.
L VAT LP VA PHUONG PHAP
1. Vit lidu thi nghidm
Thi nghiem dupe thuc hien tir nim 2008 den
nam 2011 tai xa Hung Thanh vi xi Thanh My eua
huyen Tan Phudc, tinh Tien Giang.
Thire te li trdng khdm mang lai hieu qua kinh te
cao vi nhu cau khdm trong nude vi xuat khau khong
ngimg tang len ndn dien tich khdm cung gia tang
theo timg nam. De tang sin lupng vi ning suit
khdm. nong din thudng sir dung nhieu phin bdn.
nhat li phin dam. Song viec bdn phin dam qui
nhieu di lim du lupng nitrat nhieu trong trii khdm.
lim giam pham chat eua khdm. anh hudng den sue
khde ngudi tieu diing vi anh hudng xau den vide
xuat khau. Hon nira, gia phan bdn hda hpc trong
'Trung tam Khuyen nong - Khuyen ngu. tinh Tien Giang
'Vi?n NC&PT Cong ngh? Sinh hpc. D^i hpc Can Tho
- Dat thi nghiem li viing dat thap, ehuyen canh
cay khdm, thupc nhdm dat phen cd PHKCI dat tir 3,5
den 4,0, him lupng N tdng sd khi eao (0,35%) nhung
him lupng lin de tieu thap (4.15mg/100g dat). him
2f
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2011
KHOA HOC C O NG N G HE
lupng kali trao ddi khi (115 mg K/kg), chat hihi co
cao (14,45%). khuyen eio eua nhi san xuat. Dich vi khuan dupe
pha rieng va dugc tudi ngay sau khi tudi phan bdn la
vi phin hda hoc.
* Lugng nude dugc sir dung d cic nghidm thirc
deu bang nhau. Nhirng nghidm thire khdng tudi vi
khuan hoac phan bdn li dugc bd sung bing nude la.
Thi nghidm duge tudi chu yeu tir nude mua va
nude trir lai trong cic muong dgc theo cic lip trdng.
Mat dd trdng tren hep li 25.000 cay/ha vdi khoang
each hing doi 40 x 70 cm. Bao ve thuc vat tiiy vao
dieu kien ed dich hai hay khdng.
b. Chi deu theo ddi - Bdn ddng vi khuan cd dinh dam Burkholderia
tropicalis vi Burkholderia tropica su dung trong thi
nghiem dupe chpn Ipe tir nhirng ddng vi khuan cd
kha nang ed dinh dam eao (Tran Thanh Phong va
Cao Ngpc Didp, 2011 [dang in]) dupe nhan nudi
trong moi trudng LGI (Cavaleante vi Dobereiner,
1988) den khi mat sd te bio >10^ efu/ml (cap 1) vi
trong dung dich 10% dudng -i- mdt it khoing trung, vi
lupng trong 34 ngay trong cic thiing ed dung tich
100-L (cap 2), hon hpp niy dupe xem li phin sinh
hpc [dangdich].
- Gidng khdm Queen di dupe trdng nhieu nam
tai dia phuong dugc sir dung lim thi nghiem, khdi
lupng chdi tir 150 den 200 gr/ciy.
2. Phuong phip thi nghidm
a. Bo tri thi nghiem
Cic chi tieu nong hgc: sd li/ciy, chieu dii la,
chieu rpng la luc khdm 12 thing tudi vi khi thu
hoaeh; chieu eao ciy, khdi lupng li, sd li, kich thudc,
khdi lupng trii, ning suat, chat lupng trai (dp brix,
him lupng nitrat, axit huu ea) duge ghi nhan liie thu
hoaeh. Mdi ehi tieu thuc hien 20 mau, ning suat
dupe tinh tren toin 16 thi nghiem. Sd lieu duge phan
tich thdng ke theo chuong trinh SAS, gii trj trung
binh dugc so sinh sir khae biet bing kiem djnh
Duncan vdi mire dd 5%.
H. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
1. Anh hudng ciia phin sinh hpc, phin dam hda hpc vi phin bdn li Idn su phit tridn cua ciy khdm
a. Thdi diem cay khdm 12 thang tuoi Hai thi nghiem ngoii ddng dupe bd tri theo
the thire khdi hoin toin ngau nhien, 4 Ian lap lai, 8
nghidm thire, mdi Ian lap lai la Id ed dien tich 50 m^.
Phan sinh hpc [gdm 4 ddng vi khuan di trinh biy d
phan tren] ciing 4 lieu lupng phan dam (0, 75, 150,
300 kg N/ha) so sinh vdi 2 loai phin bdn li ban tren
thi trudng li Komix TS9 vi Fofer Fish; ddi chiing ehi
dupe bdn phin dam vo ea (300 kg N/ha). Td hpp
phan bdn trong 8 nghidm thire nhu sau:
NT 1: 300 kg N/ha; NT 2: Phan sinh hpc*; NT 3:
Phan sinh hpc -t- 75 kg N/ha; NT 4: Phin sinh hpc -i-
150 kg N/ha; NT5: Phan sinh hpc + 75 kg N/ha +
Kombc TS9 (8 lit/ha/4 Ian tudi); NT 6: Phin sinh hpc
+ 150 kg N/ha + Kombc TS9 (8 lit/ha/4 Ian tudi); NT
7: Phan sinh hpc + 75 kg N/ha -i- Fofer Fish (8
lit/ha/4 Ian tudi); NT 8: Phan sinh hpc -i- 150 kg
N/ha + Fofer Fish (8 lit/ha/4 Ian tudi); Phan nen bdn
60 kg P2O5+ 200 kg K20/ha.
Loai phan sir dung lim phan ndn li: Ure, Ian nung chay Ninh Binh, KCl.
Thinh phan phin bdn li:
+ Kombc TS9: 3N, 8 P2O5, 2 K2O, vi luong.
+ Fofer fish: 6 N, 1 P2O5, 6 K2O, vi lugng.
* Chung vi khuan cho cay khdm bang each hda
vi khuan vio nude vi tudi deu khip len ciy vdi heu
lupng 50 ml/eay/lan, tudi 4 Ian (45 ngiy/ Ian). Lan
dau tudi ngay sau khi trdng. Mat dp vi khuan
>10'efu/ml. Phan bdn li dupe pha diing ndng dp Cd su phit trien khdng ddng deu ve sinh trudng
cua eay khdm giQa cic nghiem thiic thi nghiem. Ket
qua quan trie sd la, chieu dii, chieu rdng la cho thay
cd sir khac biet cd y nghla thdng ke giira cic nghiem
thirc (Bang 1). Ngoii nghiem thire bdn phin sinh
hpc -1-150 kg N/ha (NT4) cd sd li/cay, chieu dii la
khdng khie biet ed y nghla so vdi ciy khdm bdn 300
kg N/ha (NTl, tiii nghiem d Hung Thanh). Cac
nghiem tiiire ed sir dung phan bdn la khdng tiie hien
ro sir khie biet vd sd la, chidu dai vi chieu rdng la
nhung li cd mau xanh sam hon. Q nghiem tiiiic chi
bdn phan sinh hpc -h 75 kg N/ha (NT3) ciy khdm
sinh trudng kdm, sd li it, kich thude li nhd han cic
nghiem tiiuc bdn 150 kg N/ha (NT4) vi 300 kg N/ha
(NTl) (Bang 1). Su phit trien eua bp la, nhat la sd la
tren ciy vio giai doan xir ly ra hoa cd tinh chat quydt
dinh den dd Idn cua trii, khdi lugng trii vi ning suat
rudng klidm. Neu ciy ed it li thi se cho trii nhd, khdi
lugng trai tiiap, ning suat tiiap (Hoing Minh, 2005).
Do dd, vac 12 tiling sau khi ti-dng, ehi cd 50% sd cay
24
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2011
KHOA HOC CdNG N G H£
khdm cd 32 li trd len, du dieu kien de xir ly ra hoa vi
cho trii Idn (>1,3 kg/trii).
phin sinh hpc bdn cho khdm cd the thay the 50%
lugng phin dam sir dung (150 kg/ha) mi khdng lim
^^ hudng ddn su sinh trudng eua cay, die biet li sd
Tir kdt qua niy ed tiid nhan tii^y vai trd phin
dam li yeu td quyet dinh den sinh trudng eua ciy vi
la/cay.
Bang 1. Anh hudng ciia phin sinh hpc, phin dam hda hpc vi phan bdn li l^n sd li, chidu dii li vi chidu rpng
l i e iy
didm d 12 thing tudi
Sd la tren eay.
Nghiem
thirc
d
d
e
d
d
cd
d
ed
Chidu rdng li (cm)
HT
TM
57,03 a
53,62
cd
54,93 bed
55,14 abe
53,23
d
54,15 bed
53,51 ed
55,55 ab
2,93
TM
35,65 a
29,90
30,60
33,30 b
32,20
c
33,20 be
32,55 be
33,80 b
2,48
HT
34,40 ab
27,40
29,45
34,05 b
31,40
c
34,95 a
c
32,05
34,55 ab
1,84
57.73 a
49.33
53.48
56.20 ab
54.18 bed
54,94 c
53,49 cd
55,07 be
2,87
Chieu dai li (em)
TM
HT
NTl
65,54 a
67,79 a
NT2
58,77
56,47
d
NT3
59.92
60,21 e
63.94 ab
65.06 b
NT4
NT5
60.53 bed
59.35 c
NT6
61.57 abed
64,29 b
NTT
d
58.60
59,20 c
NTS
63.86 abe
66,55 ab
CV(%)
4.43
2,76
Ghi chu: Nhung so cd cimg chu theo sau trong cimg mot cot thi khdng khac biet cd ynghia a mue 5%.
TM: Diem thi nghiem axa Thanh My, HT: Diem thi nghiem axaHung Thanh
thay: d nhimg nghiem thiic cd bdn phin sinh hpc va
phin bdn li, khi giam 50% lupng phin dam (150 kg
N/ha) khdng lim anh hudng den sinh trudng vi phit
tridn ciia ciy khdm.
Nhu vay, vi khuan ed dinh dam {Burkholderia
tropica vi B. tropicalis) dupe chimg cho khdm da
hoat ddng tich cue vi mang lai hieu qui trdn ciy
khdm, nhat li the hien d sd li. Ben canh dd, thi
nghidm ehua nhin thay sir khie biet ro rdt vd hieu
qua cua phin bdn li Komix vi Fofer Fish ddn sinh
trudng ciia eay khdm lue 12 thing tudi (Bing 1).
b. Thdi diem thu hoaeh khdm
Bang 2. Anh hudng cua phin sinh hpc, phin dam
hda hpc vi phin bdn li Idn chidu cao ciy, khdi lupng
li khi thu hoaeh ciia ciy khdm
Khdi lupng la (gr)
Hung
Thanh
Thanh
My
Chieu cao cay (cm)
Thanh
Hung
My
Thanh
Khdm dugc bdn 150 kg N/ha vi phin sinh hpc
(NT4) ed chidu cao ciy, khdi lugng li khong khie
biet vdi ciy khdm ehi bdn 300 kg N/ha (d didm
Hung Thanh). Tuy nhi^n kdt qui d ci 2 dia diem thi
nghidm (Bang 2) cho thay chieu cao eay khdm dat
eao nhait d nghidm thiic bdn phin sinh hpc -t-150 kg
N/ha -H Fofer Fish (NT8) vi khdi lugng li khdm eao
nhat d cic nghiem thuc bdn phin sinh hpc -hl50 kg
N/ha + Kombc, phin sinh hpc -1-150 kg N/ha +Fofer
Fish (NT6, NT8) vi khdng khie biet vdi ciy khdm
ehi bdn 300 kg N/ha (NTl).
•^ghiem
thirc
NTl
Kich thude li ciing cho ket qui tuong tu nhung
chieu dii la dat cao nhat d cic nghidm thurc bdn phan
sinh hpc -1-150 kg N/ha, phan sinh hpc -H 150 kg N/ha
+ Kombc, phin sinh hpc -t-150 kgN/ha -i- Fofer Fish
(NT4, NT6, NT8) vi ca ba nghidm thiic niy khdng
khie bidt ed nghla so vdi nghidm thiic ddi ehung (ehi
bdn 3(X) kg N/ha) tai ea 2 dia didm thi nghidm.
Khdng cd su khie bidt y nghla thdng kd vd chidu
rdng li giiia eae nghidm thire thi nghidm (Bang 3).
61,94 a
54,07 d
56,34 be
57,46 b
55,79 c
61,32 a
57,24 b
61,71 a
1,61
60,20 a
53,27 b
54,44 b
56,04 ab
54,75 b
60,02 a
56,17 ab
59,99 a
2,90
100,45 ab
88,65 c
90,35
c
98,35 ab
95,88 b
100.92 a
97,74 ab
100,87 a
2,42
NT2
NT3
NT4
NTS
NT6
NT7
NTS
CV(%)
102,82 a
85,86 c
97,60 b
99,61 b
96,17 b
98,35 b
97,89 b
103,53 a
1,41
Ghi chu: Nhung sd cd cung chir theo sau trong
cung mot cot thi khdng khac biet cd ynghia a mue 5%.
Kdt qui trong bang 2 trinh biy khi ning sinh
trudng cua ciy khdm tai 2 dia diem thi nghiem cho
Khi so sanh ket qua d cic cap nghidm thuc bdn
phin sinh hpc vi bd sung phin dam (75 vi 150
kg/ha), eiing vdi 2 loai phan bdn li (Kombc vi Fofer
Fish) cho thay ed khac biet vd sinh trudng ciia eay
khdm, chu yeu li do lieu lupng phin dam sir dung vi
25
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2011
KHOA HQC CdNG NGHl
Bang 4. Anh huong ciia phin sinh hpc, phin dam
hda hpc vi phin bdn li Idn chidu dii trii, dirdng kinh
trii khdm khi thu hoaeh
hoat ddng tich cue ciia vi khuan. Cic nghidm thue cd
bdn phin sinh hpc, giam 50% lugng phin dam (150
kg/ha) cho thay eay khdm van phat trien tuong duong
vdi eay khdm ehi bdn 300 kg N/ha.
Bing 3. Anh hudrng cua phin sinh hpc, phin dam
hda hpc vi phin bdn li Idn chidu dii li, chidu rdng li
khi thu h o ^h ciia ciy khdm
Thanh My Thanh My
10,61 a
10,12 b
10,15 b
10,81 a
10,24 b
10,71 a
10,64 a
10,68 a
1,95 Dudng kinh trai (cm)
Hung
Thanh My
Thanh
10,91 a
10,74 a
10,75 a
10,97 a
10,89 a
10,94 a
10,94 a
10,97 a
1,85 21,76 a
17,62 c
18,11 c
19,90 b
19,08 b
20,85 a
19,72 b
21,52 a
3,25 Chieu dai trai (cm)
Thanh My
Hung
Thanh
20,20 a
19,85 a
19,30 a
19,90 a
19,60 a
19,85 a
19,70 a
19,50 a
3,75 Nghidm
thirc
NTl
NT2
NT3
NT4
NTS
NT6
NT7
NTS
CV(%) Ghi chu: NhOng so cd cimg chu theo sau trong
5,76 a
5,48 be
5,26 d
5,43 e
5,48 be
5,57 be
5,61 b
5,79 a
1,73 Chieu rdng li (cm)
Hung
Thanh
6,34 a
6,24 a
6,16 a
6,15 a
6,14 a
6,28 a
6,05 a
6,29 a
4,51 89,04 a
82,66 d
82,80 d
85,63 ab
83,71 ed
86,48 ab
84,35
c
86,75 ab
0,99 Chidu dii li (em)
Hung
Thanh
87,35 a
c
81,07
83,22
c
86,80 ab
83,80 ab
86,35 ab
84,50 abe
86,75 ab
2,06 Nghidm
thuc
NTl
NT2
NTS
NT4
NT5
NT6
NT?
NTS
CV(%) cimg mdt cot thi khdng khac biet cd ynghia amuc5%.
Bang 5. Anh hudng cua phin sinh hpc, phan dam
hda hpc vi phin bdn li Idn khdi lugng trii vi nang
su^t khdm (thdi didm thu hoaeh)
Khdi lugng trai (kg) Thanh My Thanh My
d
c
Nghi$m
thuc
NTl
NT2
NT3
NT4
NT5
NT6
NTT
NTS
CV(%) Hung
Thanh
1,50 a
1,24
1,31
1,49 a
1,38 b
1,50 a
1,37 b
1,50 a
0,05 40,44 a
33,25 d
36,31 cd
39,31 ab
37,31 bed
40,69 a
37. 81 be
40.94 a
4,43 Nang suat (tan/ha)
Hung
Thanh
40,20 a
36,20 c
37,80 be
39,45 ab
38,30 b
40,35 a
39,45 ab
40,10 a
2,93 1,62 ab
1,29
c
1,45 b
1,49 ab
1,49 ab
1,63 ab
1,51 ab
1,64 a
7,11
Ghi chu: Nhung so cd cimg cha theo sau trong
Cling mdt cot thi khdng khac biet cd y nghla a mue 5%.
Ghi chu: Nhung sd cd ciing chir theo sau trong
cung mdt cot thi khdng khac biet cd ynghia a miic 5%.
Tuy nhien, neu bdn phin sinh hpc mi khdng sir
dung hoic sir dung lugng phan dam thap (75 kg/ha)
se khdng dii cung cap lugng dam can thiet cho su
phit trien binh thudng cua ciy. Ket qua li eay khdm
sinh trudng vi phit tridn kdm, sd li it, kich thude li
nhd, khdi lupng li thap. Vide bd sung phin bdn la
Kombc vi Fofer Fish ehua thd hidn ro rdt hidu qua \tn
sinh trudng ciia ciy khdm mac dii be mat li ed phu
Idp phan diy Gap sip) cd tac dung giiip khdm giim
bde thoit nude qua li, chdng ehiu han tdt hon (trir
nghiem thiic ehung vi khuan ed dinh dam, sir dung
150 kg N/ha, Fofer Fish [NTS] giup cho chieu eao
cay, khdi lugng li vi chieu dii la tuong duong ddi
chiing).
Khdi lugng vi ning suat trii khdm d cic nghidm
thue ed bdn phin sinh hpc + 150 kg N/ha (NT4,
NT6, NTS) ddu khdng khie bidt cd y nghla tiidng kd
vi tuong duong cay khdm chi bdn 300 kg N/ha
(bang 5). 2. Anh hudng cua phin sinh hpc, phin dam hda
hpc vi phin bdn li Idn cic thinh ph4n ning su^t vi
ning su^t khdm
Ket qua d bing 4 cho thay chieu dii, dudng kinh
trii khdm d cic nghidm thiic bdn phin sinh hpc •(•150
kg N/ha, phin sinh hpc •1-150 kg N/ha -i-Komix, phin
sinh hpc •hl50 kgN/ha •••Fofer Fish (NT4, NT6, NTS)
tuong duong ddi chiing tai di^m Thanh My. Tuy
nhidn ket qui tdng hgp tir 2 dia didm thi nghidm
khdng cho thay sir khie bidt ro ret vd chidu dii trii,
dudng kinh trii giira eae nghion thiic. Kdt qua tir 2 dja didm tiii nghidm di ddn kdt luan
rang: bdn phan sinh hpc (chiia bdn ddng vi khuan cd
dinh dam Burkholderia tropicalis vi B. tropica) cd
did giam 50% lugng phin dam sir dung (150 kg/ha)
nhung van lam ting khdi lugng trii. kich tiiudc trai
vi nang suat ti-ii tuong duong khdm bdn 300 kg
N/ha. Khdng cd sir khie bidt r5 ret giua cic nghidm
tinie sir dung Fofer Fish vi Kombc cd sir dung phan
ndn vd khdi lugng ti-ai vi nkng suat (Bang 5). Nhu
26
NONG NGHIfP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2011
KHOA HQC C 6 NG N G H£
din dia phuong (40 tan/ha) d vu 1 {So Ndng nghidp
vi PTNT Tidn Giang, 2010).
3. Hidu qui ciia phin sinh hpc, phin dam hda
hpc vi phin bdn li Idn ch^t lugng trii khdm
vay, sir khie bidt d khdi lugng trai vi ning suat khdm
phu thude vio Ueu lugng phan dam sir dung vi hoat
ddng eua vi khuan ed dinh dam, khdng phu thude
vio vide bd sung phin bdn li Kombc hoic Fofer Fish
khi phin nen [60 kg PJOJ-H 200 kg K20/ha] dugc su
dung ddng deu nhu nhau. Nang suat khdm eiia thi
nghidm eiing tuong duong vdi ning suat ciia ndng
Chat lugng trii dugc dinh gii dua trdn dd ngpt
(dp brix), dp ehua (him lugng axit huu eg) vi du
lugng nitrat tdn luu trong sin pham khi thu hoaeh.
Bang 6. Hidu qua cua phin sinh hpc, phin dam hda hpc, phin bdn li trfin ch^t lugng trii khdm trdng trdn d^t
phdn ciia huydn Tin Phudc tinh Tidn Giang
Do brix
Nitrat (mg/kg)
Axit hiru ca (meq HVlOOg)
TM
16,95 b
16,68 b
16,55 b
16,58 b
16,63 b
16,90 b
17,60 a
17,70 a
HT
10,43
9,66
9,68
9,15
10,09
10,77
9,87
10,03
2,91
TM
13,33
10,67
12,00
12,00
12,00
10,67
10,00
11,33
3,25
Nghiem
thirc
NTl
NT2
NT3
NT4
NTS
NT6
NT7
NTS
CV(%)
HT
17,35 be
16,88
cd
16,70
d
16,66
d
16,98
cd
17,15
cd
17,88 a
17,78 ab
0,49
0,51
TM
2,99
3,75
2,99
2,24
2,24
2,37
3,50
3,75
3,59
HT
5,85
5,46
5,57
5,07
5,42
5,56
5,74
5,16
4,03
Ghi chu: NhOng sd cd cimg chu theo sau trong ciing mdt cot thi khdng khac biet cd y nghla a miic 5%.
HT: diem thi nghiem xa Hung Thanh, TM: diem thi nghiem xa Thanh My
trong thjt khdm trdng d didm Hung Thanh cao gap
ddi, tuy nhi^n, du lugng nitrat trong trii khdm thi
nghidm cdn rat thap so vdi tidu chuan Bd Y td Vidt
Nam (>200 mg/kg). Vi vay, ndu bdn phin sinh hpc
hay phin dam hda hpc cich xa thdi gian thu hoaeh
thi du lugng nitrat thap trong thjt khdm, an toin cho
ngudi tidu diing vi du tidu chuan xuat khau. Tir
nhung kdt qua di dat dugc, edng thuc phin bdn tdi
uu cho qui trinh canh tac khdm trdn vimg dat phen
huydn Tan Phudc, Tidn Giang li bdn phan sinh hpc,
bd sung 150 kg N, 60 kg P2O5 vi 200 kg KjO/ha.
IV.KETLUANVADENGH!
l.Kdtluin
- Su dung phan sinh hpc mang 4 ddng vi khuan
Burkholderia tropicahs va Burkholderia tropica (10'
cfu/ml) vdi Ueu lugng 50 ml/ciy, tudi 4 lan cho
khdm lim giam 50% lugng dam su dung (150 kg/ha)
nhung khdi lugng trii, kich thudc trii vi ning su^t
trai tuang duong bdn 300 kg N/ha.
Dp brix trong trii khdm d ca 2 dia didm thi
nghidm dat eao nhat (17,60 - 17,88) trong hai
nghiem thiic bdn phin sinh hpc vi phin bdn li Fofer
Fish (NT7 vi NTS) vi khac bidt ed y nghla thdng kd
so vdi cic nghidm thire edn lai. Theo Vu Cdng Hau
(1996), dp brix eua khdm bidn ddng tir 16 - 20, dp
brix ciia khdm trong thi nghidm niy khdng khie bidt
vi dip ling ydu cau vd dp ngpt eua khdm xuat khau
hay in tuoi. Him lupng axit hiru ca trong trai khdm it
khac biet giira cic nghidm thire thi nghidm, ca 2 dia
diem thi nghiem ddu cho thay him lupng axit hiru ca
trong trii khdm thap d cac nghidm thuc khdng bdn
phin dam hda hpc vi him lugng phin dam thap (75
kg N/ha), khdm bdn nhidu phin dam hda hgc ed dp
ehua cao. Nhu vay, phin sinh hgc gdp phan lim cho
thjt khdm it ehua, ngpt nhidu so vdi thit khdm ehi
bdn phin dam hda hpc. Khi khao sit dd ehae thjt
trii, miu sic trii cho thay chiing deu cd miu ving
sang dep, rao nude tuy nhien khdm dugc bdn nhieu
phin dam hda hpc (NTl), trii khdm cd nhidu nude
hon vi nude ri ra b6n ngoii.
- Su dung phan sinh hpc mang 4 ddng vi khuan
Burkholderia tropicalis va Burkholderia tropica (10'
efu/ml, Udu lugng 50 ml/ciy, tudi 4 lan) -H 150 kg N -H
60 kg P205-H 200 kg K20/ha li cong tiiire tdi uu cho
cay khdm trdng trdn dat phen d huydn Tin Phudc,
tinh Tidn Giang.
'Kdt qua phin tich him lugng nitrat tdn luu trdn
sin pham cho thay kdt qui rat khac nhau d 2 dja
diem thi nghidm, trong khi lupng nitrat trong trii
khdm trdng d diem Thanh My thap thi lupng nitrat
27
N 6 NG NGHIfP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THCN - KY 2 - THANG 6/2011
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Revatiii,
- Khdng ed sir khie biet ve ning suat khdm
giiia phan bdn la Komix, Fofer Fish vi phan sinh hpc
+ phan bdn NPK.
2. Dd nghj C.
G.
Mutiiukumarasamy,
Improved yield of
2006.
Lakshminarasimhan,
mieropropagated sugarcane foUowing inoculation by
endophytic Burkholderia vietnamiensis. Plant Soil
280: 239-252.
6. Hoing Minh, 2005. Sd tay ky tiiuit trdng va
cham sdc mdt sd ehung, loai cay an qua. NXB LD-
XH, tr.84-10.
- Ung dung 4 ddng vi khuan ed dinh dam
Burkholderia tropicahs vi B. tropica lam phan bdn
sinh hpc bdn cho khdm nhim giam lugng phan dam
hda hpc trong san xuat khdm, giiip tang chat lupng
trai khdm vi gdp phin lam giam d nhidm mdi trudng.
- Nghien ciru de irng dung cac ddng vi khuan tir the dich sang the vien de dd sir dung hon. 7. Phdng Ndng nghidp va PTNT huydn Tan
Phudc, 2010. Bao cao tdng ket Nganh ndng- lam- ngu
nghidp huydn Tan Phudc, tinh Tien Giang. ngay
24/11/2010.
of Herbaspirillum, inclusion
8. Reis, V. M., P. Estrada-de los Santos. S.
Tenorio-Salgado, J. Vogel, M. Stoffels, 8. Guyon, P.
Mavingui, V. L. D. Baldani. M. Sehmid, J. I. Baldani,
J. Balandreau. A. Hartmann, and J. CabaUero-
MeUado. 2004. Burkholderia tropica sp. nov.. a novel
nitrogen-fixing, plant-associated bacterium. Int. J.
Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54:2155-2162.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Baldani, J. I., B. Pot, G. Kirchhof, E. Falsen, V.
L. Baldani, F. L. Olivares, et al., 1996. Emended
description
of
[Pseudomonas] rubrisubalbicans, a mild plant
pathogen, as Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans comb,
nov., and classification of a group of clinical isolates
(EF group 1) as Herbaspirillum species 3. Lnt J. Syst
Bacteriol 46: 802-810.
(pp.3-13). Dordrecht, 9. Rovira, A. D., 1991. Rhizosphere research, 85
years of progress and frustration. In D. L Keister
and P. B. Cregan (Eds.). The Rhizosphere and plant
growth
the Netherlands:
Kluwer Academic PubUshers.
2. Cao Ngpc Diep, 2005. Anh hudng etia chiing
vi khuan not rd va vi khuan Pseudomons spp. tren
lua eao san trdng trdn dat phii sa Can Tha. Tap chi
Nghien ciiu Khoa hpc. Trudng Dai hpc Can Tha. 3: 1-
7.
11. Tran Thanh Phong va Cao Ngpc Diep, 2011.
Phin lap vi nhan dien vi khuan npi sinh trong cay
khdm {Ananas comosus L.) trdng tren dat phen
huyen Tin Phudc. Tidn Giang. Tap ehi Cdng nghd
Sinh hpc, Vien Khoa hoc va Cong nghd Viet Nam.
[Dang in] 3. Cao Ngpc Diep, Tran Thanh Phong, vi Tran
Thi Giang, 2009. Phan lap vi tuyen chpn vi khuan
hda tan lin vi tdng hgp lAA Pseudomonas sp. Tap
chi Ndng nghidp vi PTNT. Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat
trien Nong tiidn. 9:32-35.
4. Cavaleante V. A. and J. Dobereiner, 1988. A
tolerant nitrogen fixing bacterium 11. Vidn Ciy in qua mien Nam, 2011. Bio cic
kinh te ky thuat nhan gidng khdm Queen huydn Tan
Phudc tinh Tien Giang. 12. Vu Cong Hau. 1996. Trdng ciy in qui d Vidt new acid -
associated with sugarcane. Plant Soil 108: 23-31.
5. Govindarajan, M., J. Balandreau, R.
Nam. Nhi xuat ban Ndng nghiep. 185-213.
EFFECn^ OF NITROGEN - FIXING BURIOIOIDERIA TROPICAUSAND B. TROPICA
STRAINS. INORGANIC NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND FOLIAR- FERTILIZER TO
PINEAPPLE YIELD AND QUALITY FRUIT CULTIVATED ON ACID SULFATE SOIL OF TAN
PHUOC DISTRICT, TTEN GIANG PROVINCE Tran Thanh Phong, Cao Ngoc Diep Summary
Evaluate effect of the four nitrogen- fixing Burkholderia tropicalis and B. tropica strains together with
inorganic nitrogen fertiUzer levels and foliar- fertilizer to pineapple cultivated on acid sulfate soil of Hung
Thanh and Thanh My viUage. Tan Phuoc district, Tien Giang province during 2008-2011. The results
showed that bio-fertiUzer had strongly effect to growing, yield component, pineapple yield and quabty fruit.
Using bio-fertilizer plus 150 kg N/ha did not differ with pineapple applying of 300 kg N/ha treatment. The
bio-fertilizer was a kind of good fertiUzer which saved 50% chemical nitrogen fertiUzer and improved quaUty
fruit.
Keywords.- Pineapple, quality, crop yield, bio-fertilizer
Ngudi phan bidn: TS. Biii Huy Hidn
28
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2011
