KHOA
HOC CdNG NGHE
AIMH HUQIMG CUA
VI
KHUAIM
CO
DflMH DAIVI
Burkhalderia trapicalis
&
B.
tropica,
PHAIM
DAIVI
Vd
CQ,
PHAIM
BOIM
LA
DEIM IMAIMG SUAT
VA
CHAT
LUOIMG
TRAI
KHOIVI
TROIMG
TREIM
DAT
PHEIM
HUYEIM
TAIM
PHUQC,
TIIMH
TIEIM
GIAIMG
Trin Thanh
PhongS
Cao
Ngpc
Didp^
T6MTAT
Danh gia anh huong cua bdn d6ng vi khuan
c6 djnh
dam Burkholderia
tropicalisva
B.
tropicaket
hop
vod
cac
beu
luong phan dam hoa hoc
va
phan bon
la
cho cay khom trong tren dat phen
xa
Hung Thanh
va
Thanh My, huyen Tan
Phuoc,
tinh Tien Giang tir nam 2008 den 2011. Ket qua cho thay phan sinh hoc
c6
ehua
4 dong vi khuan cd dinh dam da tac dong tich
cue
den sinh truong, phat trien cua cay khom, lam tang
thanh phan nang suat, nang suat, chat luong trai khom. Sir dung phan sinh hoc ciing vol 150 kg N/ha cho
nang suat tuong duong voi
nghiem
thiic khom chi bon 300 kg N/ha. Bon phan sinh hoc lam giam duoc 50%
lugng phan dam hoa hoc va tang chat luong trai khom.
TIT
kh6a;
Cay
khom,
chat luong, nang
suat,
phan sinh hoc.
LOATVANDE
Khdm {Ananas comosus L.)
la
cay
in
qua nhiet
ddi cd gia
tq
kinh
td
cao. dupe diing dd
in
tuoi hoac
che bien phuc vu cho tidu diing trong nude
vi
xuat
khau.
Ciy
khdm dupe trdng
phd
bien
b cic
nude
nhidt ddi.
6
nude
ta,
khdm
dupe
trdng trdn nhidu
viing sinh thii
tir
Bic
den
Nam,
ke ea
tren
nhCmg
viing dat ddi niii hay d viing dat phen
ciia
ddng bang
sdng Ciru Long,
tap
trung
b cic
tinh Tien Giang,
Long An,
Ci
Mau,
Hau
Giang, Kien Giang. Tien
Giang
li
tinh
cd
dien tich trdng khdm
Idn,
vdi hon
11.811
ha
(Phdng Ndng nghiep
vi
PTNT huyen Tan
Phudc. tinh Tidn Giang. 2010). ehidm trdn 50% didn
tich trdng khdm
eua
ddng bang sdng
Cuu
Long
(Vien Cay in qua mien Nam. 2011).
Thire te
li
trdng khdm mang lai hieu qua kinh
te
cao
vi
nhu cau khdm trong nude vi xuat khau khong
ngimg tang
len ndn
dien tich khdm cung
gia
tang
theo timg nam.
De
tang
sin
lupng
vi
ning suit
khdm. nong
din
thudng
sir
dung nhieu phin
bdn.
nhat
li
phin dam. Song viec
bdn
phin
dam qui
nhieu
di
lim du lupng nitrat nhieu trong trii khdm.
lim giam pham chat eua khdm. anh hudng den sue
khde ngudi tieu diing
vi anh
hudng
xau den
vide
xuat khau.
Hon
nira,
gia
phan
bdn hda hpc
trong
'Trung tam Khuyen nong
-
Khuyen ngu. tinh Tien Giang
'Vi?n
NC&PT Cong
ngh?
Sinh hpc.
D^i
hpc Can Tho
nhirng nim gan diy
ludn
diing
d
miic
cao
lim
cho
chi
phi dau tu sin
xuat khdm ting,
lim
giam
thu
nhap trong canh tic khdm.
Ngiy nay. nhidu nghidn cuu trong vi ngoii
nude
cho thay hidu
qui
ciia nhirng
loii
vi
khuan
ed ich
trong quin
ly siu
bdnh hoac giup
eay
trdng ting
trudng, han ehd lupng phan bdn hda hpc nhu cic loii
vi khuan phin
lip tir
trong ciy
liia,
bip, mia. khdm,
chudi...
Viec img dung vi khuan cd ich vio sin xuat dudi
dang che pham sinh hpc
nhim
han ehd lupng phin
dam hda hpc, giam nguy ca 6 nhidm thuc pham. vira
than thien vdi mdi trudng
li
nhu cau thidt thuc trong
didu kien canh tic hien nay. Vi vay. mue tidu ciia thi
nghiem
li
dinh
gii
hidu qua vi khuan
cd
djnh dam
Burkholderia tropicalis va
B.
tropica trong canh
tic
ciy khdm trdng tren dat phen huyen Tan Phudc, tinh
Tien Giang.
L
VAT
LP
VA PHUONG PHAP
1.
Vit lidu
thi
nghidm
Thi nghiem
dupe
thuc hien
tir nim
2008
den
nam 2011
tai xa
Hung Thanh
vi
xi
Thanh My eua
huyen Tan Phudc, tinh Tien Giang.
- Dat thi nghiem
li
viing dat thap, ehuyen canh
cay khdm, thupc nhdm dat phen
cd
PHKCI
dat tir 3,5
den 4,0, him lupng N tdng sd khi eao (0,35%) nhung
him lupng
lin
de
tieu thap (4.15mg/100g dat). him
NONG
NGHIEP VA PHAT
TRIEN
NONG
THON
-
KY 2 - THANG
6/2011
2f
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
lupng kali trao ddi khi (115 mg K/kg), chat
hihi
co
cao (14,45%).
- Bdn ddng vi khuan cd dinh dam Burkholderia
tropicalis vi Burkholderia tropica su dung trong thi
nghiem dupe chpn
Ipe
tir nhirng ddng vi khuan cd
kha nang ed dinh dam eao (Tran Thanh Phong va
Cao Ngpc Didp, 2011 [dang in])
dupe
nhan nudi
trong moi trudng
LGI (Cavaleante
vi Dobereiner,
1988) den khi mat sd te bio
>10^
efu/ml
(cap 1) vi
trong dung dich
10%
dudng
-i-
mdt it khoing trung, vi
lupng trong 34 ngay trong cic
thiing
ed dung tich
100-L
(cap 2), hon hpp niy dupe xem li phin sinh
hpc
[dangdich].
- Gidng khdm Queen di dupe trdng nhieu nam
tai dia phuong
dugc
sir dung lim thi nghiem, khdi
lupng chdi tir 150 den 200 gr/ciy.
2.
Phuong phip thi nghidm
a.
Bo tri thi nghiem
Hai thi nghiem ngoii ddng
dupe
bd tri theo
the thire khdi hoin toin ngau nhien, 4
Ian
lap lai, 8
nghidm thire, mdi
Ian
lap lai la
Id
ed dien tich 50
m^.
Phan sinh hpc [gdm 4 ddng vi khuan di trinh biy d
phan tren] ciing 4 lieu lupng phan dam (0, 75, 150,
300 kg N/ha) so sinh vdi 2 loai phin bdn li ban tren
thi trudng li Komix TS9 vi Fofer Fish; ddi chiing ehi
dupe bdn phin dam vo ea (300 kg N/ha). Td hpp
phan bdn trong 8 nghidm thire nhu sau:
NT 1: 300 kg N/ha; NT
2:
Phan sinh hpc*; NT 3:
Phan sinh hpc
-t-
75 kg N/ha; NT 4: Phin sinh hpc
-i-
150 kg N/ha; NT5: Phan sinh hpc
+
75 kg N/ha
+
Kombc
TS9 (8
lit/ha/4 Ian
tudi); NT
6:
Phin sinh hpc
+ 150 kg N/ha
+
Kombc
TS9 (8 lit/ha/4
Ian
tudi); NT
7:
Phan sinh hpc + 75 kg N/ha
-i-
Fofer Fish (8
lit/ha/4
Ian
tudi); NT 8: Phan sinh hpc
-i-
150 kg
N/ha
+
Fofer Fish (8 lit/ha/4
Ian
tudi); Phan nen bdn
60 kg
P2O5+
200 kg
K20/ha.
Loai phan sir dung lim phan ndn li: Ure,
Ian
nung chay Ninh Binh,
KCl.
Thinh phan phin bdn li:
+
Kombc
TS9:
3N, 8
P2O5,
2
K2O,
vi luong.
+
Fofer fish: 6 N,
1
P2O5,
6
K2O,
vi
lugng.
* Chung vi khuan cho cay khdm bang
each
hda
vi khuan vio nude vi tudi deu
khip
len ciy vdi heu
lupng 50
ml/eay/lan,
tudi 4
Ian
(45 ngiy/
Ian).
Lan
dau tudi ngay sau khi trdng. Mat dp vi khuan
>10'efu/ml.
Phan bdn li
dupe
pha diing ndng dp
khuyen eio eua nhi san xuat. Dich vi khuan
dupe
pha rieng va dugc tudi ngay sau khi tudi phan bdn la
vi phin hda hoc.
* Lugng nude dugc sir dung d cic nghidm thirc
deu bang nhau. Nhirng nghidm thire khdng tudi vi
khuan hoac phan bdn li dugc bd sung bing nude la.
Thi nghidm duge tudi chu yeu tir nude mua va
nude trir lai trong cic muong dgc theo cic lip trdng.
Mat dd trdng tren hep li 25.000 cay/ha vdi khoang
each hing doi 40 x 70 cm. Bao ve thuc vat
tiiy
vao
dieu kien ed dich hai hay khdng.
b. Chi
deu
theo
ddi
Cic chi tieu nong hgc: sd
li/ciy,
chieu dii la,
chieu rpng la luc khdm 12 thing tudi vi khi thu
hoaeh; chieu eao ciy, khdi lupng li, sd li, kich thudc,
khdi lupng trii, ning suat, chat lupng trai (dp brix,
him lupng nitrat, axit
huu
ea) duge ghi nhan
liie
thu
hoaeh. Mdi ehi tieu thuc hien 20 mau, ning suat
dupe tinh tren toin 16 thi nghiem. Sd lieu duge phan
tich thdng ke theo chuong trinh SAS, gii
trj
trung
binh dugc so sinh
sir
khae biet bing kiem djnh
Duncan vdi mire dd 5%.
H.
KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
1.
Anh hudng ciia phin sinh hpc, phin dam hda
hpc vi phin bdn li
Idn
su phit
tridn
cua ciy khdm
a. Thdi diem
cay
khdm 12 thang tuoi
Cd su phit trien khdng ddng deu ve sinh trudng
cua eay khdm
giQa
cic nghiem thiic thi nghiem. Ket
qua quan trie sd la, chieu dii, chieu rdng la cho thay
cd
sir
khac biet cd y nghla thdng ke giira cic nghiem
thirc (Bang 1). Ngoii nghiem thire bdn phin sinh
hpc
-1-150
kg N/ha (NT4) cd sd
li/cay,
chieu dii la
khdng khie biet ed y nghla so vdi ciy khdm bdn 300
kg N/ha
(NTl,
tiii nghiem d Hung Thanh). Cac
nghiem tiiire ed sir dung phan bdn la khdng tiie hien
ro
sir
khie biet vd sd la, chidu dai vi chieu rdng la
nhung li cd mau xanh sam hon.
Q
nghiem tiiiic chi
bdn phan sinh hpc
-h
75 kg N/ha (NT3) ciy khdm
sinh trudng kdm, sd li it, kich thude li nhd han cic
nghiem tiiuc bdn 150 kg N/ha (NT4) vi 300 kg N/ha
(NTl) (Bang 1). Su phit trien eua bp la, nhat la sd la
tren ciy vio giai doan xir ly ra hoa cd tinh chat quydt
dinh den dd
Idn
cua trii, khdi lugng trii vi ning suat
rudng
klidm.
Neu ciy ed it li thi se cho trii nhd, khdi
lugng trai tiiap, ning suat tiiap (Hoing Minh, 2005).
Do dd, vac 12 tiling sau khi ti-dng, ehi cd
50%
sd cay
24 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT
TRIEN
NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG
6/2011
KHOA
HOC CdNG
NGH£
khdm cd 32 li trd len, du dieu kien de xir ly ra hoa vi phin sinh hpc bdn cho khdm cd the thay the 50%
cho trii
Idn
(>1,3 kg/trii). lugng phin dam sir dung (150 kg/ha) mi khdng lim
Tir kdt qua niy ed tiid nhan tii^y vai trd phin
^^
hudng ddn su sinh trudng eua cay, die biet li sd
dam li yeu td quyet dinh den sinh trudng eua ciy vi
la/cay.
Bang
1.
Anh hudng ciia phin sinh hpc, phin dam hda hpc vi phan bdn li
l^n
sd li, chidu dii li vi chidu rpng
Nghiem
thirc
NTl
NT2
NT3
NT4
NT5
NT6
NTT
NTS
CV(%)
lieiy
Sd la tren eay.
HT
34,40 ab
27,40 e
29,45 d
34,05 b
31,40 c
34,95 a
32,05 c
34,55 ab
1,84
TM
35,65 a
29,90 d
30,60 d
33,30 b
32,20 c
33,20 be
32,55 be
33,80 b
2,48
didm
d
12
thing tudi
Chieu dai li (em)
HT
67,79 a
56,47 d
60,21 e
65.06 b
59.35 c
64,29 b
59,20 c
66,55 ab
2,76
TM
65,54 a
58,77 d
59.92 ed
63.94 ab
60.53 bed
61.57 abed
58.60 d
63.86 abe
4.43
Chidu rdng li (cm)
HT
57.73 a
49.33 d
53.48 cd
56.20 ab
54.18 bed
54,94
c
53,49 cd
55,07 be
2,87
TM
57,03 a
53,62 cd
54,93 bed
55,14 abe
53,23 d
54,15 bed
53,51 ed
55,55 ab
2,93
Ghi
chu:
Nhung so cd cimg chu theo sau trong
cimg mot
cot thi khdng khac biet
cd
ynghia
a
mue
5%.
TM:
Diem thi nghiem
axa
Thanh My, HT: Diem thi nghiem
axaHung
Thanh
Nhu vay, vi khuan ed dinh dam {Burkholderia
tropica vi B. tropicalis) dupe chimg cho khdm da
hoat ddng tich cue vi mang lai hieu qui trdn ciy
khdm, nhat li the hien d sd li. Ben canh dd, thi
nghidm ehua nhin thay
sir
khie biet ro rdt vd hieu
qua cua phin bdn li Komix vi Fofer Fish ddn sinh
trudng
ciia
eay khdm lue 12 thing tudi (Bing 1).
b. Thdi diem thu
hoaeh
khdm
Bang
2.
Anh hudng cua phin sinh hpc, phin dam
hda hpc vi phin bdn li
Idn
chidu cao ciy, khdi lupng
li khi thu
hoaeh
ciia ciy khdm
•^ghiem
thirc
NTl
NT2
NT3
NT4
NTS
NT6
NT7
NTS
CV(%)
Chieu cao cay (cm)
Hung
Thanh
100,45 ab
88,65 c
90,35 c
98,35 ab
95,88 b
100.92
a
97,74 ab
100,87 a
2,42
Thanh
My
102,82 a
85,86 c
97,60 b
99,61 b
96,17 b
98,35 b
97,89 b
103,53 a
1,41
Khdi lupng la (gr)
Hung
Thanh
60,20 a
53,27 b
54,44 b
56,04 ab
54,75 b
60,02 a
56,17 ab
59,99 a
2,90
Thanh
My
61,94 a
54,07 d
56,34
be
57,46 b
55,79 c
61,32 a
57,24 b
61,71 a
1,61
Ghi chu: Nhung sd cd cung chir theo sau trong
cung mot cot thi khdng khac biet cd
ynghia
a
mue
5%.
Kdt qui trong bang 2 trinh biy khi ning sinh
trudng cua ciy khdm tai 2 dia diem thi nghiem cho
thay: d nhimg nghiem thiic cd bdn phin sinh hpc va
phin bdn li, khi giam 50% lupng phin dam (150 kg
N/ha) khdng lim anh hudng den sinh trudng vi phit
tridn
ciia
ciy khdm.
Khdm dugc bdn 150 kg N/ha vi phin sinh hpc
(NT4) ed chidu cao ciy, khdi lugng li khong
khie
biet vdi ciy khdm ehi bdn 300 kg N/ha (d didm
Hung Thanh). Tuy
nhi^n
kdt qui d ci 2 dia diem thi
nghidm (Bang 2) cho thay chieu cao eay khdm dat
eao nhait d nghidm thiic bdn phin sinh hpc
-t-150
kg
N/ha
-H
Fofer Fish (NT8) vi khdi lugng li khdm eao
nhat d cic nghiem thuc bdn phin sinh hpc
-hl50
kg
N/ha
+
Kombc, phin sinh hpc
-1-150
kg N/ha +Fofer
Fish (NT6, NT8) vi khdng khie biet vdi ciy khdm
ehi
bdn
300
kg
N/ha (NTl).
Kich thude li ciing cho ket qui tuong tu nhung
chieu dii la dat cao nhat d cic nghidm
thurc
bdn phan
sinh hpc
-1-150
kg N/ha, phan sinh hpc
-H
150 kg N/ha
+ Kombc, phin sinh hpc -t-150 kgN/ha
-i-
Fofer Fish
(NT4,
NT6, NT8) vi ca ba nghidm thiic niy khdng
khie bidt ed nghla so vdi nghidm thiic ddi ehung (ehi
bdn 3(X) kg N/ha) tai ea 2 dia didm thi nghidm.
Khdng cd su khie bidt y nghla thdng kd vd chidu
rdng li giiia eae nghidm thire thi nghidm (Bang 3).
Khi so sanh ket qua d cic cap nghidm thuc bdn
phin sinh hpc vi bd sung phin dam (75 vi 150
kg/ha),
eiing vdi 2 loai phan bdn li (Kombc vi Fofer
Fish) cho thay ed khac biet vd sinh trudng
ciia
eay
khdm, chu yeu li do lieu lupng phin dam sir dung vi
NONG NGHIEP
VA
PHAT TRIEN
NONG
THON
- KY
2
-
THANG
6/2011
25
KHOA
HQC
CdNG NGHl
hoat ddng tich cue ciia vi khuan. Cic nghidm thue cd
bdn phin sinh hpc, giam 50% lugng phin dam (150
kg/ha) cho thay eay khdm van phat trien tuong duong
vdi eay khdm ehi bdn 300 kg N/ha.
Bing
3.
Anh
hudrng
cua phin sinh hpc, phin dam
hda hpc vi phin bdn li
Idn
chidu dii li, chidu
rdng
li
khi thu
ho^h
ciia ciy khdm
Bang
4.
Anh huong ciia phin sinh hpc, phin dam
hda hpc vi phin bdn li
Idn
chidu dii trii,
dirdng
kinh
trii khdm khi thu
hoaeh
Nghidm
thuc
NTl
NT2
NTS
NT4
NT5
NT6
NT?
NTS
CV(%)
Chidu dii li (em)
Hung
Thanh
87,35 a
81,07 c
83,22 c
86,80 ab
83,80 ab
86,35 ab
84,50 abe
86,75 ab
2,06
Thanh My
89,04 a
82,66 d
82,80 d
85,63 ab
83,71 ed
86,48 ab
84,35 c
86,75 ab
0,99
Chieu rdng li (cm)
Hung
Thanh
6,34 a
6,24 a
6,16 a
6,15 a
6,14 a
6,28 a
6,05 a
6,29 a
4,51
Thanh My
5,76 a
5,48 be
5,26 d
5,43 e
5,48 be
5,57 be
5,61 b
5,79 a
1,73
Ghi chu: Nhung
sd
cd ciing chir theo sau trong
cung mdt cot
thi khdng khac
biet cd
ynghia
a miic
5%.
Tuy nhien, neu bdn phin sinh hpc mi khdng sir
dung
hoic
sir dung lugng phan dam thap (75 kg/ha)
se khdng dii cung cap lugng dam can thiet cho su
phit trien binh thudng cua ciy. Ket qua li eay khdm
sinh trudng vi phit tridn kdm, sd li it, kich thude li
nhd, khdi lupng li thap. Vide bd sung phin bdn la
Kombc vi Fofer Fish ehua thd hidn ro rdt hidu qua
\tn
sinh trudng
ciia
ciy khdm mac
dii
be mat li ed phu
Idp
phan diy Gap sip) cd tac dung
giiip
khdm giim
bde thoit nude qua li, chdng ehiu han tdt hon (trir
nghiem thiic ehung vi khuan ed dinh dam, sir dung
150 kg N/ha, Fofer Fish [NTS] giup cho chieu eao
cay, khdi lugng li vi chieu dii la tuong duong ddi
chiing).
2.
Anh hudng cua phin sinh hpc, phin dam hda
hpc vi phin bdn li
Idn
cic thinh
ph4n
ning
su^t
vi
ning
su^t
khdm
Ket qua d bing 4 cho thay chieu dii, dudng kinh
trii khdm d cic nghidm thiic bdn phin sinh hpc
•(•150
kg N/ha, phin sinh hpc
•1-150
kg N/ha
-i-Komix,
phin
sinh hpc
•hl50
kgN/ha
•••Fofer
Fish (NT4, NT6, NTS)
tuong duong ddi chiing tai
di^m
Thanh My. Tuy
nhidn ket qui tdng hgp tir 2 dia didm thi nghidm
khdng cho thay
sir
khie bidt ro ret vd chidu dii trii,
dudng kinh trii giira eae
nghion
thiic.
Nghidm
thirc
NTl
NT2
NT3
NT4
NTS
NT6
NT7
NTS
CV(%)
Chieu dai trai (cm)
Hung
Thanh
20,20 a
19,85 a
19,30 a
19,90 a
19,60 a
19,85 a
19,70 a
19,50 a
3,75
Thanh My
21,76 a
17,62 c
18,11 c
19,90 b
19,08 b
20,85 a
19,72 b
21,52 a
3,25
Dudng kinh trai (cm)
Hung
Thanh
10,91
a
10,74 a
10,75 a
10,97 a
10,89 a
10,94 a
10,94 a
10,97 a
1,85
Thanh
My
10,61 a
10,12 b
10,15 b
10,81 a
10,24 b
10,71 a
10,64 a
10,68 a
1,95
Ghi chu:
NhOng
so cd cimg chu theo sau trong
cimg mdt cot
thi khdng khac
biet cd
ynghia amuc5%.
Bang
5.
Anh hudng cua phin sinh hpc, phan dam
hda hpc vi phin bdn li
Idn
khdi lugng trii vi nang
su^t
khdm (thdi didm thu
hoaeh)
Nghi$m
thuc
NTl
NT2
NT3
NT4
NT5
NT6
NTT
NTS
CV(%)
Khdi lugng trai (kg)
Hung
Thanh
1,50 a
1,24 d
1,31 c
1,49 a
1,38
b
1,50 a
1,37 b
1,50 a
0,05
Thanh My
1,62 ab
1,29 c
1,45 b
1,49 ab
1,49 ab
1,63 ab
1,51 ab
1,64 a
7,11
Nang suat (tan/ha)
Hung
Thanh
40,20 a
36,20 c
37,80 be
39,45 ab
38,30 b
40,35 a
39,45 ab
40,10 a
2,93
Thanh My
40,44 a
33,25 d
36,31 cd
39,31
ab
37,31 bed
40,69
a
37.
81
be
40.94 a
4,43
Ghi chu: Nhung so cd cimg cha theo sau trong
Cling
mdt cot
thi khdng khac biet cd y nghla
a mue
5%.
Khdi lugng vi ning suat trii khdm d cic nghidm
thue ed bdn phin sinh hpc + 150 kg N/ha (NT4,
NT6,
NTS) ddu khdng
khie
bidt cd y nghla tiidng kd
vi tuong duong cay khdm chi bdn 300 kg N/ha
(bang 5).
Kdt qua tir 2
dja
didm tiii nghidm di ddn kdt luan
rang: bdn phan sinh hpc
(chiia
bdn ddng vi khuan cd
dinh dam Burkholderia tropicalis vi B. tropica) cd
did
giam 50% lugng phin dam sir dung (150 kg/ha)
nhung van lam ting khdi lugng trii. kich tiiudc trai
vi nang suat ti-ii tuong duong khdm bdn 300 kg
N/ha. Khdng cd
sir
khie bidt r5 ret giua cic nghidm
tinie sir dung Fofer Fish vi Kombc cd sir dung phan
ndn vd khdi lugng ti-ai vi
nkng
suat (Bang 5). Nhu
26 NONG
NGHIfP
VA
PHAT TRIEN
NONG
THON
- KY 2 - THANG
6/2011
KHOA
HQC
C6NG
NGH£
vay,
sir
khie bidt d khdi lugng trai vi ning suat khdm
phu thude vio Ueu lugng phan dam sir dung vi hoat
ddng eua vi khuan ed dinh dam, khdng phu thude
vio vide bd sung phin bdn li Kombc
hoic
Fofer Fish
khi phin nen [60 kg
PJOJ-H
200 kg
K20/ha]
dugc su
dung ddng deu nhu nhau. Nang suat khdm eiia thi
nghidm eiing tuong duong vdi ning suat ciia ndng
din dia phuong (40 tan/ha) d vu 1 {So Ndng nghidp
vi
PTNT
Tidn Giang, 2010).
3.
Hidu qui ciia phin sinh hpc, phin dam hda
hpc vi phin bdn li
Idn
ch^t
lugng trii khdm
Chat lugng trii dugc dinh gii dua trdn dd ngpt
(dp brix), dp ehua (him lugng axit huu eg) vi du
lugng nitrat tdn luu trong sin pham khi thu
hoaeh.
Bang 6.
Hidu
qua cua phin sinh hpc, phin dam hda hpc, phin bdn li
trfin
ch^t
lugng trii khdm trdng trdn
d^t
phdn ciia huydn Tin Phudc tinh Tidn Giang
Nghiem
thirc
NTl
NT2
NT3
NT4
NTS
NT6
NT7
NTS
CV(%)
Do
brix
HT
17,35
be
16,88
cd
16,70
d
16,66
d
16,98
cd
17,15
cd
17,88
a
17,78
ab
0,49
TM
16,95
b
16,68
b
16,55
b
16,58
b
16,63
b
16,90
b
17,60
a
17,70
a
0,51
Nitrat
(mg/kg)
HT
5,85
5,46
5,57
5,07
5,42
5,56
5,74
5,16
4,03
TM
2,99
3,75
2,99
2,24
2,24
2,37
3,50
3,75
3,59
Axit
hiru ca (meq HVlOOg)
HT
10,43
9,66
9,68
9,15
10,09
10,77
9,87
10,03
2,91
TM
13,33
10,67
12,00
12,00
12,00
10,67
10,00
11,33
3,25
Ghi chu:
NhOng
sd cd cimg chu theo sau trong ciing mdt cot thi khdng khac biet cd y nghla
a
miic
5%.
HT: diem thi nghiem xa Hung
Thanh,
TM: diem thi nghiem xa Thanh My
Dp brix trong trii khdm d ca 2 dia didm thi
nghidm dat eao nhat (17,60 -
17,88)
trong hai
nghiem thiic bdn phin sinh hpc vi phin bdn li Fofer
Fish (NT7 vi NTS) vi khac bidt ed y nghla thdng kd
so vdi cic nghidm thire edn lai. Theo Vu Cdng Hau
(1996),
dp brix eua khdm bidn ddng tir 16 - 20, dp
brix ciia khdm trong thi nghidm niy khdng khie bidt
vi dip ling ydu cau vd dp ngpt eua khdm xuat khau
hay in tuoi. Him lupng axit hiru ca trong trai khdm it
khac biet giira cic nghidm thire thi nghidm, ca 2 dia
diem thi nghiem ddu cho thay him lupng axit hiru ca
trong trii khdm thap d cac nghidm thuc khdng bdn
phin dam hda hpc vi him lugng phin dam thap (75
kg N/ha), khdm bdn nhidu phin dam hda hgc ed dp
ehua cao. Nhu vay, phin sinh hgc gdp phan lim cho
thjt khdm it ehua, ngpt nhidu so vdi thit khdm ehi
bdn phin dam hda hpc. Khi khao sit dd
ehae
thjt
trii,
miu sic trii cho thay chiing deu cd miu ving
sang dep, rao nude tuy nhien khdm dugc bdn nhieu
phin dam hda hpc (NTl), trii khdm cd nhidu
nude
hon vi nude ri ra
b6n
ngoii.
'Kdt
qua phin tich him lugng nitrat tdn luu trdn
sin pham cho thay kdt qui rat khac nhau d 2
dja
diem thi nghidm, trong khi lupng nitrat trong trii
khdm trdng d diem Thanh
My
thap thi lupng nitrat
trong thjt khdm trdng d didm Hung Thanh cao gap
ddi,
tuy
nhi^n,
du lugng nitrat trong trii khdm thi
nghidm cdn rat thap so vdi tidu chuan Bd Y td Vidt
Nam (>200 mg/kg). Vi vay, ndu bdn phin sinh hpc
hay phin dam hda hpc cich xa thdi gian thu hoaeh
thi du lugng nitrat thap trong thjt khdm, an toin cho
ngudi tidu diing vi du tidu chuan xuat khau. Tir
nhung kdt qua di dat dugc, edng thuc phin bdn tdi
uu cho qui trinh canh tac khdm trdn vimg dat phen
huydn Tan Phudc, Tidn Giang li bdn phan sinh hpc,
bd sung 150 kg N, 60 kg
P2O5
vi 200 kg
KjO/ha.
IV.KETLUANVADENGH!
l.Kdtluin
-
Su dung phan sinh hpc mang 4 ddng vi khuan
Burkholderia
tropicahs
va Burkholderia tropica
(10'
cfu/ml)
vdi Ueu lugng 50
ml/ciy,
tudi 4 lan cho
khdm lim giam
50%
lugng dam su dung (150 kg/ha)
nhung khdi lugng trii, kich thudc trii vi ning
su^t
trai tuang duong bdn 300 kg N/ha.
-
Su dung phan sinh hpc mang
4
ddng vi khuan
Burkholderia tropicalis va Burkholderia tropica
(10'
efu/ml, Udu lugng 50 ml/ciy, tudi 4 lan)
-H
150 kg N
-H
60 kg
P205-H
200 kg
K20/ha
li cong tiiire tdi uu cho
cay khdm trdng trdn dat phen d huydn Tin Phudc,
tinh Tidn Giang.
N6NG
NGHIfP
VA
PHAT TRIEN
NONG
THCN
- KY 2 -
THANG
6/2011
27