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©2007 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

7

Designing Oral Presentations

©2007 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

McGraw­Hill/Irwin

Speak Up

• The Fear Factor

Practicing and rehearsing a speech can help to reduce your anxiety and build your confidence during delivery.

© Keith Brofsky/Getty Images

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• How Can I Reduce Speech Anxiety?

Choosing a Speech Topic

• What Should I Talk About?

 Main idea

◦

central point you want to make with your audience that will run through the entire message

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• What about a Really Big Topic?

Speech Goals

Speeches:

 Informative

 Persuasive

 Requesting

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 Entertaining and special occasion

Doing Your Homework

 Customized presentation

◦

carefully planned speech that is tailored to the specific needs, knowledge, perspectives, and background of an audience

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• Who Is My Audience?

Doing Your Homework

• What’s the Occasion?

• Where Do I Look for Information?

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• Using the Right Language

Doing Your Homework

 Be clear  Personalize language  Adapt sentence grammar  Decrease sentence length  Avoid jargon  Active voice

• Practice Your Spoken Language

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• Timing and Location

Doing Your Homework

FIGURE 7.1 The Speech Location

© Ryan McVay/Getty Images

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Organizing Your Speech

◦

brief opening opportunity to preview the main topic idea, establish credibility, and present a positive first impression

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  Introduction

Organizing Your Speech

1. Get their attention

 Creative speaking

◦

art of gaining the audience’s interest by using entertaining speaking methods

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• Introduction (continued)

Organizing Your Speech

1. Get their attention (continued)

 Anecdote

 Ask a question

 Examples

 Use a quotation

 Startling or surprising remarks

 Humor

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• Introduction (continued)

Organizing Your Speech

2. Give them a reason to listen

3. Establish credibility

4. Relate to the audience and the occasion

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• Introduction (continued)

Organizing Your Speech

Late night talk show host Jay Leno routinely uses humor to capture his audience’s attention. As a professional comic, Leno finds humor an ideal attention getter. But other techniques may be more appropriate for your particular audience.

© Reuters/CORBIS

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Organizing Your Speech

◦

substance of a speech that explains main ideas and backs them up with supporting details

 Secondary ideas

◦

support your main ideas

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  Body

Organizing Your Speech

 Chronological

 Topical

 Spatial

 Cause and effect

 Problem and solution

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• Body (continued)

Organizing Your Speech

◦

ties together main points, inspires a next step, and provides a strong sense of closure

 Connect your main points

 Inspire a next step

 Give a sense of closure

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  Conclusion

Organizing Your Speech

 Transitions

◦

key words or short sentences that bridge one idea to another, the speech’s introduction to the body and the conclusion, or one speaker to the next

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• Don’t Forget Transitions

Organizing Your Speech

 Ideas

 Introduction of next speaker

 Contrasts and comparisons

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• Don’t Forget Transitions (continued)

Visual Aids

• Increase message clarity

• Visually demonstrate and explain more

than words

• Increase audience interest

• Dramatically extend audience recall of

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speech information

Using Electronic Presentation Software

• Planning Your Presentation

• Can PowerPoint Take the Pressure Off

Me?

• Formatting PowerPoint Slides

• Handouts

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• Common PowerPoint Problems

Using Electronic Presentation Software

• Common PowerPoint Problems (continued)

Practice Using PowerPoint

 Slide content fully visible

 Check presentation equipment

 Present only one main idea per slide

 Use both text and graphical illustrations

 Only highlight main points of message

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Using Electronic Presentation Software

• Common PowerPoint Problems (continued)

Practice Using PowerPoint (continued)

 Use software tools

 Show visual aid only when discussing it

 Give audience moment to understand slide

 Don’t let slides steal the show

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Types of Speech Delivery

◦ speeches are unexpected and off the cuff

 Impromptu

◦ speech is written word for word and read aloud

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 Manuscript

Types of Speech Delivery

◦ speaking is planned and rehearsed but

not memorized

 Extemporaneous

◦ speech involves memorizing a speech

word for word

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 Memorized

After the Speech

◊ frame message to be persuasive

◊ not threatening

• What If the Audience Disagrees with Me?

◊ rephrase the question

◊ don’t know but will research

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• What If I Can’t Answer a Question?

Questions

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