REVIEW FOR THE SECOND TERM- GRADE 12
PHONETICS
Pronounced
I. Cách phát âm đuôi- s ,-es –
1.Nếu từ kết thúc bằng- s, -ss,- ch,- sh,- x,-z (-ze),- o,- ge,- ce thì ta phát âm là /iz/
Mẹo để nhớ: "sẵn-sàng-chung-shức-xin-z-ô-g óp-cơm"vd: changes/ iz/ ; practices/ iz/
2. Nếu từ kết thúc bằng :-/ð/,-k,-p- t,- f thì phát âm là /s/: cooks /s/ ; stops / s/
Mẹo để nhớ : 'thời phong kiến phương tây"
Lưu ý : ' laugh ' phiên âm là : [la: f ] nên khi chia : laughs đọc là /s/ ( từ đặc biệt cần nhớ)
3.Những từ còn lại phát âm là /z/ : plays /z/, stands /z/…
II. Cách phát âm đuôi -ed:
1.Đọc là /t/ nếu động từ kết thúc bằng : – ch,-p,- f,-s,-k,- th,-sh
Mẹo để nhớ: " chính-phủ-phát-sách-không-thèm -share (chia sẻ)"
vd : watched /t/
2. Đọc là /id/ nếu động từ kết thúc là: – t ,-d
vd: wanted /id/ ; decided /id/…
3. Những từ còn lại đọc là/d/
Stress
Nguyên tắc đánh trọng âm:
Nguyên tắc 1: Phần lớn động từ và giới từ có 2 âm tiết có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai.
relax /rɪˈlæks/, produce /prə’duːs/, include /ɪnˈkluːd/, among /əˈmʌŋ/, between /bɪˈtwiːn/, aside /əˈsaɪd/,
begin /bɪˈɡɪn/, become /bɪˈkʌm/, forget /fərˈɡet/, enjoy /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/, discover /dɪˈskʌvər/
Nguyên tắc 2: Hầu hết danh từ và tính từ có 2 âm tiết đều có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.
(n) action /ˈækʃn/, paper /ˈpeɪpər/ , teacher /ˈtiːtʃər/, (adj) happy /ˈhæpi/, rainy /ˈreɪni/, active /ˈæktɪv/
Nguyên tắc 3: Với những từ có 3 âm tiết trở lên, trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 3 tính từ cuối lên.
economy /ɪˈkɑːnəmi/, industry /ˈɪndəstri/, intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/, specialize /ˈspeʃəlaɪz/, geography
/dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/
Nguyên tắc 4: Các từ tận cùng bằng các đuôi – ic, – ish, – ical, – sion, – tion, – ance, – ence, – idle, –
ious, – iar, – ience, – id, – eous, – ian, – ity thì thì trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết ngay trước nó :
economic /ˌiːkəˈnɑːmɪk/, foolish /ˈfuːlɪʃ/, entrance /ˈentrəns/, famous /ˈfeɪməs, nation /ˈneɪʃn/, celebrity
/səˈlebrəti/, musician /mjuˈzɪʃn/
Nguyên tắc 5: Các từ có hậu tố: – ee, – eer, – ese, – ique, – esque , – ain thì trọng âm rơi vào chính âm
tiết đó
agree /əˈɡriː/, volunteer /ˌvɑːlənˈtɪr/, Vietnamese /ˌvjetnəˈmiːz/, retain /rɪˈteɪn/, maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/,
unique /juˈniːk/
Nguyên tắc 6: Các từ có hậu tố: – ment, – ship, – ness, – er/ or, – hood, – ing, – en, – ful, – able, – ous, –
less thì trọng âm chính của từ không thay đổi
agree /əˈɡriː/, agreement /əˈɡriːmənt/, meaning /ˈmiːnɪŋ/ meaningless /ˈmiːnɪŋləs/, rely /rɪˈlaɪ/ à reliable
/rɪˈlaɪəbl/, poison /ˈpɔɪzn/, poisonous /ˈpɔɪzənəs/,happy /ˈhæpi/ , happiness /ˈhæpinəs/, relation /rɪˈleɪʃn/ ,
relationship /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/
Nguyên tắc 7: Các từ tận cùng – graphy, – ate, – gy, – cy, – ity, – phy, – al thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết
thứ 3 từ dưới lên
economical /ˌiːkəˈnɑːmɪkl/, demoracy /dɪˈmɑːkrəsi/, technology /tekˈnɑːlədʒi/, geography /dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/,
photography /fəˈtɑːɡrəfi/, investigate /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/
Nguyên tắc 8: Danh từ ghép: Trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1
birthday /ˈbɜːrθdeɪ/, airport /ˈerpɔːrt/, gateway /ˈɡeɪtweɪ/, boyfriend /ˈbɔɪfrend/, greenhouse /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/,
seafood /ˈsiːfuːd/; toothpaste /ˈtuːθpeɪst/
Nguyên tắc 9: Tính từ ghép (thường có dấu gạch ngang ở giữa): Trọng âm rơi vào từ thứ hai
bad-TEMpered, old-Fashioned, one-EYEd, well-DONE
Chú ý: Trọng âm của từ thường thay đổi khi chuyển từ danh từ thành động từ, tính từ hay trạng từ.
Politics- political – politician Compete – competitive – competition
Economy – economical – economize necessary – necessarily – necessity
Practice
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. proofs B. books C. points D. days
2. A. asks B. breathes C. breaths D. hopes
3. A. sees B. sports C. pools D. trains
4. A. tombs B. lamps C. brakes D. invites
5. A. books B. floors C. combs D. drums
6. A. cats B. tapes C. rides D. cooks
7. A. walks B. begins C. helps D. cuts
8. A. shoots B. grounds C. concentrates D. forests
9. A. boxes B. classes C. potatoes D. finishes
10. A. resources B. stages C. preserves D. focuses
11. A. worked B. stopped C. forced D. wanted
12. A. kissed B. helped C. forced D. raised
13. A. confused B. faced C. cried D. defined
14. A. devoted B. suggested C. provided D. wished
15. A. matched B. crashed C. occupied D. coughed
16. A. agreed B. missed C. liked D. watched
17. A. measured B. pleased C. distinguished D. managed
18. A. wounded B. routed C. wasted D. risked
19. A. imprisoned B. pointed C. shouted D. surrounded
20. A. failed B. reached C. absorbed D. Solved
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. pollute B. contractual C. reject D. marvelous
2. A. mechanic B. military C. apologize D. miraculous
3. A. compulsory B. intensity C. kidding D. invaluable
4. A. nursery B. focus C. delicate D. secure
5. A. curriculum B. kindergarten C. contaminate D. conventional
6. A. apology B. industrial C. industry D. disaster
7. A. interview B. certificate C. applicant D. primary
8. A. certificate B. apartment C. individual D. biology
9. A. scientific B. available C. suspicious D. supportive
10. A. especially B. comfortably C. carefully D. possibly
11. A. importance B. subtraction C. algebra D. example
12. A. aspect B. compete C. require D. successful
13. A. terrific B. applicant C. banking D. ignorant
14. A. recognize B. challenge C. symbolize D. continue
15. A. continent B. belong C. master D. access
16. A. appalling B. ashamed C. November D. architect
17. A. policeman B. cinema C. overcoat D. politics
18. A. competition B. intelligent C. automation D. information
19. A. accountant B. Arabic C. Germany D. chemistry
20. A. attention B. interesting C. Influence D. television
VOCABULARY
I. Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions:
1. In Africa, many children die from not having enough food.
A. poverty B. starvation C. drought D. malnutrition
2. Jack still went ahead with his ambitious plan despite the fact that it was a risky investment.
A. unserious B. dangerous C. safe D. complex
3. Birds are at their most vulnerable when they leave their nests and find food on their own.
A. strong B. susceptible C. powerful D. invincible
4. The regional authorities failed to provide the poor with essential services such as accommodation,
fresh water and electricity.
A. dispensable B. trivial C. unnecessary D. vital
5. The doctor decided to give her a thorough examination so that he could identify the causes of her
illness.
A. set up B. make out C. get over D. look up
II. Mark the letter A, B, C,
1. After five days on trial, the court found him innocent of the crime and he was released.
A. cheating B. innovative C. naïve D. guilty
2. It was such a complicated task that I couldn’t do it myself.
A. difficult B. simple C. complex D.
problematic 3. I’m in a good mood for being accepted to work for global enterprise.
A. refused B. received C. recognized D. allowed
4. Anna volunteered to work for a charitable organization with a view to helping disabled children.
A. poor B. mental C. normal D.
handicapped 5. At the end of the movie, the homeless family was reunited after the civil war.
A. separated B. get-together C. joined D. meet again
Mark the letter A,B,C or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges
1. “Here’s your electricity bill, sir.”- “ ”
A. But I have no money, sorry. B. Can you come again tomorrow?
C. It’s kind of you, thanks. D. Would you take a check?
2. “Hello. Could I speak to the manager, please?”- “ ”
A. No, you can’t B. Yes, speaking C. Hello. But could you? D. I’m answering you now.
3: “How did you get here?”- “ ”
A. I came here by train B. I came here last night C. The train is so crowded D. Is it far from here?
4. “ ?”- “No, that’s about it for now”
A. Anything else B. Nothing to declare C. What’s on your mind D. When can we stop
5. “Do you like reading detective story?” – “ ”
A. What for? B. Of course, I do C. Why should I? D. No, don’t ask me
6. “So long!” – “ ”
A. Hello! How are you? B. Cheer up, my dear! C. I’m please to meet you D. Goodbye, and take care!
7. “Could you do me a favor, please?”- “ ”
A. What? I can help you? B. Yes. That’s very kind of you
C. Sure. What can I do for you? D. No, thanks. I;m right
8. “Do you like the advanced training course you’re taking, James?”- “ ”
A. No, not everyone B. No, thanks C. Not me, I’m still waiting D. By and large,
yes.
9: “Would you mind checking the report for me?” – “ ”
A. No, you please do it B. No, no, I don’t mind C. Yes. I would. Sorry D. Why do I have to do it?
10: “I’m sorry. I do apologize” – “ ”
A. It was a pleasure B. No, don’t say so C. That’s all right D. Yes, but why?
11: “Can I leave early today, Ms Luc?” – “ ”
A. It’s very kind of you B. Yes, but not before 3.30 C. Alright, not at all D. You’re welcome
12: “Many happy returns of the day” – “ ”
A. Thank you B. Good luck! C. Congratulation! D. The same to you
LEXICAL GRAMMAR
I/ MODAL VERBS
A. MODALS IN ACTIVE
1. COULD/ MAY/ MIGHT
Could/ may/ might (có thể): chỉ một khả năng-điễn tả những gì mà người nói cảm thấy chưa chắc chắn
lắm.
- Maybe it will rain tomorrow.
Possibly, maybe = perhaps: có lẽ. có khả năng (chỉ dự đoán)
Ex: I don’t know where Lan is. Maybe she is in her room.
I may go to the beach or stay at home in this summer holidays.
2. SHOULD: Được dùng để diễn tả: - Một lời đề nghị, lời khuyên.
3. MUST: Được dùng để diễn tả