A. THEORY
- Pronunciation, vocabulary- Unit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
- Language function- speaking Unit 1, 2, 3, 4,5
- Grammar- Unit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
I. Modal verbs
MODAL VERBS
Can
1. Form
* S + can + V
* S + can't + V
* Can + S + V ?
2. The use * Ch kh năng ai đó bi t làm gì hi n t iỉ ả ế ở ệ ạ
Eg : - I can swim but I can't sew.
- Can you speak English ?
- Yes, I can / No, I can't
* Dùng trong l i yêu c u ai làm gìờ ầ
Eg : - Can you get me the pen ?
- Yes, certainly / Sorry, I can't
*Dùng trong l i xin phép làm gìờ
Eg : - Can I have some more coffee ? ( Tôi có th xin chút cà phê n a đc ch ?)ể ữ ượ ứ
Could
1. Form
* S + Could + V
* S + couldn't + V
* Could + S + V ?
2. The use
*Ch kh năng ai đó bi t làm gì trong quá khỉ ả ế ứ
Eg : - I could swim when I was 10.
* Dùng trong l i yêu c u l ch sờ ầ ị ự
Eg : - Could you tell me the way to the bank please ? ( Nh ông ch giúp đng t i ngân hàng)ờ ỉ ườ ớ
* Đc dùng khi mu n xin phép làm gìượ ố
Eg : - Could I speak to Mr Baker ? (Tôi có th nói chuy n v i ông Baker đc không ?)ể ệ ớ ượ
* So sánh gi a could và was/were able to (có th )ữ ể
- Could đ ch kh năng nói chungể ỉ ả
- was / were able to đ ch kh năng ai đó làm m t vi c gì trong m t tình hu ng c th .ể ỉ ả ộ ệ ộ ố ụ ể
Eg : - He could swim when he was 10.
- His house got fire yesterday. Luckily, he was able to get out of it.
( Hôm qua nhà ông y b cháy. R t may là ông ta đã thoát ra đc)ấ ị ấ ượ
Must
1. Form
* S + must + V
* S + mustn't + V
* Must + S + V ?
2. The use * Di n t đi u ch c ch n x y ra hi n t iễ ả ề ắ ắ ả ở ệ ạ
Eg : - He's been walking for two hours. He must be very tired.( Anh ta đã đi b su t 2 ti ng đng h . Ch c h n anh ta ộ ố ế ồ ồ ắ ẳ
r t m t)ấ ệ
* Di n t m t nghĩa v , đi u c n thi t ph i làm.ễ ả ộ ụ ề ầ ế ả
Eg : - You must work hard. ( Anh ph i làm vi c chăm)ả ệ
* So sánh gi a ữmust và have to (ph i)ả
- Have to có th đc dùng hi n t i, quá kh ho c t ng lai.ể ượ ở ệ ạ ứ ặ ươ
Eg : - I have to clean the door now.
S GD & ĐT HÀ N IỞ Ộ
Tr ng THPT Phúc Thườ ọ Đ C NG ÔN T P H C K 1 Ề ƯƠ Ậ Ọ Ỳ
MÔN TI NG ANH - L P 11Ế Ớ
Năm h c 2019- 2020ọ
- We had to go to Hai Phong yesterday.
- You 'll have to come here early tomorrow.
- Must không đc dùng quá kh . Dùng ượ ở ứ had to thay must trong quá kh .ứ
Eg : - You must go to London now / tomorrow.
- He had to go to London yesterday.
- Mustn't do sth : Không đc phép làm gìượ
- Not have to do sth : Không c n ph i làm gìầ ả
Eg : - You mustn't smoke here. (Các anh không đc hút thu c đây)ượ ố ở
- You don't have to do this. (Anh không c n ph i làm vi c này)ầ ả ệ
May ( Có l )ẽ
1. Form
* S + may + V
* S + mayn't (may not) + V
* May + S + V ?
2. The use * Dùng đ đa ra ph ng đoán ể ư ỏ
Eg : - He may be in his room now. ( Có l anh y đang trong phòng)ẽ ấ ở
= Perhaps he is in his room now.
Maybe
It's possible that
- She may be watching TV now. ( Có l cô y đang xem ti vi)ẽ ấ
= Perhaps she is watching TV now.
Maybe
It's possible that
- He may go to London tomorrow. ( Ngày mai có th nó s đi London)ể ẽ
= Perhaps he will go to London tomorrow.
Maybe
* Dùng trong câu xin phép
Eg : - May I sit here ?
* Dùng trong l i đ ngh ờ ề ị
Eg : - May I do this for you ?
Might
1. Form :
* S + might + V
* S + mightn't (might not) + V
* Might + S + V ?
2. The use Gi ng nh cách s d ng c a ố ư ử ụ ủ May
Should ( Nên)
1. Form
* S + should + V
* S + shouldn't ( should not) + V
* Should + S + V ?
2. The use * Dùng trong l i khuyênờ
Eg : - You should drink milk.
- You shouldn't smoke.
Ought to = Should
1. Form
* S + ought to + V
* S + oughtn't to + V
* Ought + S + to + V ?
2. The use * Cách dùng gi ng nh ố ư should
Need (C n)ầ
1. Form
* S + need + V
* S + needn't + V
* Need + S + V ?
2. The use
* Di n t đi u c n thi t ph i làmễ ả ề ầ ế ả
Eg : - Need I go ? ( Tôi có c n ph i đi không ? )ầ ả
- Yes, you must / No, you needn't - You needn't go
Notes : Khi need là đng t khuy t thi u, nó th ng đc dùng v i câu h i và câu ph đnh.ộ ừ ế ế ườ ượ ớ ỏ ủ ị
- Need có th đc dùng nh đng t th ng. Sau need là đng t nguyên th (to-infinitive)ể ượ ư ộ ừ ườ ộ ừ ể
Eg : - Do I need to go ?
- You don't need to go. - She needs to go.
* Cách s d ng đc bi t c a needử ụ ặ ệ ủ
sth needs doing / to be done ( Cái gì đó c n đc làm)ầ ượ
Eg : - Your hair needs cutting / to be cut.
MODALS + PERFECT INFINITIVE
1. Must have done
* Di n t đi u ch c ch n đã x y ra trong quá khễ ả ề ắ ắ ả ứ
Eg : - There was a big explosion some minutes ago. You must have heard it.
( Cách đây vài phút có ti ng n l n. Ch c h n c u đã nghe th y)ế ổ ớ ắ ẳ ậ ấ
- He got a bad mark yesterday. He must have been sad.
( Hôm qua anh ta b đi m kém. Ch n ch n là anh ta r t bu n )ị ể ắ ắ ấ ồ
2. Can't/ Couldn't have done
* Di n t đi u ch c ch n đã không th x y ra trong quá kh .ễ ả ề ắ ắ ể ả ứ
Eg : - Mr Smith was in Paris yesterday. So he can't have stolen your car.
= Surely, he didn't steal your car.
- Ông Smith Paris hôm qua cho nên ch c ch n ông ta không th l y c p chi c xe c a ông đc.ở ắ ắ ể ấ ắ ế ủ ượ
3. May/ Might have done
* Di n t đi u có l đã x y ra trong quá kh .ễ ả ề ẽ ả ứ
Eg : - I can't find my sunglasses at home. I may have left them at my friend's . = Perhaps, I left them at my friend's .
( Tôi không th tìm th y kính. Có l tôi đã đ quên nhà b n tôi)ể ấ ẽ ể ở ạ
4. May/ Might not have done
* Di n t đi u có l đã không x y ra trong quá kh .ễ ả ề ẽ ả ứ
Eg : - His wife was not happy this morning. He might not have bought her the dress she loved.
( V ông ta sáng nay không vui. Có l ông ta đã không mua cho bà ta cái váy mà bà y thích)ợ ẽ ấ
= Perhaps, he didn't buy her the dress she loved.
5. Should have done = Ought to have done
* Di n t đi u l ra đã nên làm trong quá kh .ễ ả ề ẽ ứ
Eg : - I didn't go to the cinema last night. The film was very interesting. I should have gone to see it. ( Hôm qua tôi
không đi xem phim. B phim r t hay. L ra tôi nên đi xem thì h n)ộ ấ ẽ ơ
6. Shouldn't have done / Oughtn't to have done
Eg 1 : - Why didn't you visit your uncle yesterday ? He wanted to see you. You shouln't have stayed at home. ( T i ạ
sao hôm qua c u không đi thăm bác ? Bác y mu n g p c u. L ra c u đã không nên nhà)ậ ấ ố ặ ậ ẽ ậ ở
Eg 2 : - Oh, I feel tired.( Tôi c m th y m t)ả ấ ệ
- You shouldn't have eaten so much.
( C u l ra đã không nên ăn quá nhi u)ậ ẽ ề
7. Needn't have done
* Di n t đi u l ra đã không c n ph i làm trong quá kh .ễ ả ề ẽ ầ ả ứ
Eg : - I've bought you a hat. ( Anh mua cho em cái mũ)
- Oh, you needn't have done that. My father has just bought one for me. (L ra anh không c n ph i mua. B em đãẽ ầ ả ố
mua cho em r i)ồ
II. Linking verbs
Liên đng tộ ừ là m t nhóm các đng t đc bi t có ch c năng n i gi a ch ng và v ng tính t . Không gi ng các ộ ộ ừ ặ ệ ứ ố ữ ủ ữ ị ữ ừ ố
đng t khác, chúng không th hi n hành đng. Do v y chúng đc b nghĩa b i tính t ch không ph i phó t . ộ ừ ể ệ ộ ậ ượ ổ ở ừ ứ ả ừ
Ng i ta g i chúng là liên t đng t ho c đng t n i (linking verb). ườ ọ ừ ộ ừ ặ ộ ừ ố
Đó là nh ng đng t sau: ữ ộ ừ be, appear, feel, become, seem, look, remain, sound, smell, stay, taste
Ex: -Mary feels bad about her test grade.
- Children become tired quite easily.
* Tính ch t:ấ
- Không di n đt hành đng mà di n đt tr ng thái ho c b n ch t s vi c.ễ ạ ộ ễ ạ ạ ặ ả ấ ự ệ
- Đng sau chúng ph i là tính t ch không ph i là phó t .ằ ả ừ ứ ả ừ
- Không đc chia th ti p di n dù d i b t c th i nào.ượ ở ể ế ễ ướ ấ ứ ờ
Be, become, remain còn có th đng tr c m t c m danh t ch không ch tính t :ể ứ ướ ộ ụ ừ ứ ỉ ừ
Ex: - They remained sad even though I tried to cheer them up. (adjective)
- He remained chairman of the board despite the opposition. (noun)
* Note: M t s đng t có c 2 nghĩa: Action verbs và Linking verbs ộ ố ộ ừ ả
Các đng t sau s có 2 nghĩa, c d ng action verbs và state verbs. ộ ừ ẽ ở ả ạ V i ý nghĩa là action verb thì đng t đó có ớ ộ ừ
th đc dùng d ng ti p di n.ể ượ ở ạ ế ễ Tùy t ng trừng h p c th chúng ta s s d ng ườ ợ ụ ể ẽ ử ụ ý nghĩa c a nó khác nhau. M tủ ộ
s đng t sâu đâyố ộ ừ
have, think, look, smell, taste, weigh, measure
Ex1: - These socks smells awful
- Sy is smelling his socks
Ex2: - This fish tastes delicious
- He is tasting his wife’s eel soup
III. Cleft sentences
* Form:
It + is / was + THÀNH PH N ĐC NH N M NH + that + THÀNH PH N CÒN L I C A CÂUẦ ƯỢ Ấ Ạ Ầ Ạ Ủ
Câu ch đc dùng đ nh n m nh m t thành ph n c a câu nhẻ ượ ể ấ ạ ộ ầ ủ ch t , túc t hay tr ng tư ủ ừ ừ ạ ừ
1. Nh n m nh ch tấ ạ ủ ừ (Subject focus)
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (ng i) + who/that + V + O …ườ
Ex: My brother collected these foreign stamps.
→ It was my brother who collected these foreign stamps.
b. It + is / was + Noun (v t) + that + V + O …ậ
Ex: Her absence at the party made me sad.
→ It was her absence at the party that made me sad.
2. Nh n m nh túc tấ ạ ừ (Object focus)
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (ng i) + who(m)ườ / that + S + V…
Ex: I met Daisy on the way to school.
→ It was Daisy who(m) I met on the way to school.
Note: Khi nh n m nh túc t ta có th dùng who thay cho whom nhấ ạ ừ ể ng khi nh n m nh ch t thư ấ ạ ủ ừ ì không dùng whom
thay cho who.
b. It + is / was + Noun (v t) + that + S + V …ậ
Ex: My brother bought an old motorbike from our neighbor.
→ It was an old motorbike that my brother bought from our neighbor.
3. Nh n m nh tr ng tấ ạ ạ ừ (Adverbial focus)
It + is / was + Adverbial phrase + that + S + V …
Ex1: - We first met in December.
→ It was in December that we first met.
Ex 2: - I was born in this village.
→ It was in this village that I was born.
4. Cleft sentences in passive
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who/ that + be + P.P…
Ex: Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers.
→ It was that singer who was given a lot of flowers.
b. It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + be + P.P…
Ex1: People talk about this film.
→ It is this film that is talked about.
Ex2: - Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers.
→ It was a lot of flowers that were given to that singer.
IV. To-infinitive after certain adjectives and noun phrases
Noun phrase + TO-infinitive
Some nouns can be followed by a to-infinitive. Many of these nouns have been formed from adjectives or verbs
normally followed by a to-infinitive:
The ability to cooperate with others is as important as managing on our own.
Our decision to close the firm was a difficult one to make.
We were surprised at his offer to take us home.
As a result of his failure to pay the mortgage, his house was foreclosed.
She showed no willingness to help.
Nouns followed by the to-infinitive
ability
advice
agreement
ambition
anxiety
appeal
arrangement
attempt
chance
choice
decision
demand
desire
determination
dream
eagerness
failure
goal
intention
motivation
need
offer
opportunity
order
permission
plan
preparation
promise
proposal
recommendation
refusal
reluctance
reminder
request
requirement
suggestion
tendency
way
willingness
wish
IT + linking verb + noun phrase (+ FOR + somebody) + TO-infinitive
It's a pity (for them) to lose such a good player.
It's a privilege (for me) to be invited to this conference.
It would be a mistake (for you) to hire him.
It's a pleasure (for us) to have you here.
Noun phrase + TO-infinitive to express necessity or possibility
There is a lot of work to do around the farm. (There is a lot of work that we need to do around the farm.)
I have some e-mails to write. (I have some e-mails that I have to write.)
She had two more clients to call that afternoon. (She had two more clients that she had to call that afternoon.)
Let's get something to eat. (Let's get something that we can eat.)
Adjectives + TO-infinitive
Sometimes the to-infinitive gives a reason for the adjective:
disappointed glad sad happy anxious pleased surprised proud unhappy
We were happy to come to the end of our journey
= We were happy because we had come to the end of our journey
John was surprised to see me
= He was surprised because he saw me
Other adjectives with the to-infinitive are:
able unable due eager keen likely unlikely
ready prepared unwilling willing
Unfortunately I was unable to work for over a week.
I am really tired. I’m ready to go to bed.
We often use the to-infinitive with these adjectives after it to give opinions:
difficulteasy possible impossible hard right wrong kind nice
clever silly foolish
It’s easy to play the piano, but it’s very difficult to play well.
He spoke so quickly it was impossible to understand him.
We use the preposition for to show who these adjectives refer to:
difficulteasy possible impossible hard
It was difficult for us to hear what she was saying.
It is easy for you to criticise other people.
We use the preposition of with other adjectives:
It’s kind of you to help.
It would be silly of him to spend all his money.
V. The past simple and present perfect
1. The Present Perfect tense:
Cách thành l p:ậ
+ S + have/has+ V3/ed
-S + have/has + not + V3/ed
? Have/Has + S + V3/ed … ?
Cách dùng chính: Thì HTHT dùng đ di n t :ểễả
- M t hành đng x y ra trong quá kh không xác đnh rõ th i đi m.ộ ộ ả ứ ị ờ ể
E.g: Have you had breakfast? – No, I haven’t.
- M t hành đng x y ra trong quá kh , còn kéo dài đn hi n t i. (Đi v i ộ ộ ả ứ ế ệ ạ ớ since ho c ặfor)
E.g: My friend Nam has lived in HCMC since 1998.
