CLOZE TESTS (20)
C1. We’ve just come back exhausted after a two-week holiday in France. We were really
exhausted. On the last day, we drove non-stop from Marseille to Calais –we should have (1)__
__our journey in Lyon or Paris. As if that wasn’t enough, the sea was so rough in the English
Channel that the (2)_ __ took three hours instead of one and a half. Next year, we plan to book a
cheap (3) ____holiday to Italy. It sounds marvellous — the cost of the flight, the hotel and all our
meals are (4)____ in the price. While we’re in Rome, we’ll be going on a guided (5to
Coliseum. The last time I was (6)_____ Italy, I was in a business (7)_____. I couldn’t see many
of the famous tourist (8) ___on that occasion, but my wife was really interested (9)_____ Italy.
We have work hard these years to save money for the next trips in the (10)__ years.
broken/ expedition/ overall/included/tour/in/trip/sights/in/next
C2. According (1)_____computer models that were used to estimate the running speeds of
dinosaurs, the Tyrannosaurus Rex would have been able to outrun a footballer. The study shows
that the dinosaur could reach a top (2)_____of 8 metres a second, which is (3)_____faster than
the average professional footballer. There has been a lot of controversy (4)_____whether the
Tyrannosaurus Rex was a predator or a scavenger; some believe that its highly developed sense
of smell indicates that it was a scavenger, (5)_____others say that its keen eyesight shows that it
was a hunter. The (6)_____group will appreciate the recent study, as a hunter is more (7)_____to
require such speed. The University of Manchester study used a powerful supercomputer to
calculate the running speeds of five meat-eating dinosaurs and used data taken (8)_____ from
dinosaur fossils, (9)_____than referring to previous work on (10)_____animals.
To/speed/fractionally/about/while/later/likely/directly/rather/modern
C3. In 1993, Greg Mortenson took a (1)_____to Pakistan to climb K2, the second tallest
mountain in the world. On his way down the mountain, he got lost. Food and water were
(2)_____, but Mr. Mortenson found a small village. The people there saw that he was
(3)______and helped him. While in the village, Mr. Mortenson watched the children write in the
dirt for their school lessons. The village did not have money to build a school or (4)______a
teacher. Before he left, Mr. Mortenson (5)______to return to the village and help them build a
school. Mr. Mortenson returned to the US and wrote to many (6)______people. That idea did not
work very well, but (7)______enough people heard about Mr. Mortenson's plan and helped him.
That was the beginning of the Central Asia Institute, an organization that has (8)______in
building or helping to build more than 130 schools in small villages in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
With the help of (9)______David Relin, Mr. Mortenson wrote the famous book Three Cups of
Tea. Some people have criticized him, however, Mr. Mortenson was given an (10)_____in 2009
by the government of Pakistan for his work in that country.
Trip/hard/need/pay for/volunteered/rich/at last/succeeded/journalist/prize
C4. Beijing is the capital city of the People’s Federal Republic of China. “Beijing” comes from
the Chinese words “northern” and “capital” and follows a(n) (1) _____East Asian tradition of
naming capital cities literally. Other similarly named cities (2)_____Nanjing in Southern China
which means “southern capital”, and Tokyo in Japan, which means “eastern capital”. Beijing is
the political and cultural (3) _____of China and is world-famous for its many historical
attractions. Four million people visit Beijing each year to see (4)_____such as the magnificent
Forbidden City, Tiananmen Square and The Great Wall of China. It is also one of the world’s
great modem metropolises and is (5)______of 21st century vitality. Towering skyscrapers, huge
shopping malls, and modem commercial areas are just as much a (6)_____of modern-day
Beijing. In 2001, Beijing celebrated the news that it had been selected to (7)______the 2008
Summer Olympics. Hundreds of thousands of flag-waving Chinese poured into Beijing’s streets,
singing and cheering. Fireworks (8) _____up the sky as the city rejoiced. The morning after the
(9) ______, the titles of all Beijing’s newspapers were printed in red — a special colour in
Chinese (10)______that is reserved for good and important news.
Ancient/include/centre/sights/full/part/host/glowed/announcement/traditon
C5. Most people think that the capital of the (1)_____world is Hollywood, in the (2)_____.
However, the real movie capital is Mumbai, in (3)_____. Mumbai used to be known as Bombay,
and the movie industry there is often called “Bollywood.” Bollywood makes twice as many
movies each year as Hollywood — more than 1,000 movies a year. The (4)_____ from
Bollywood are very different from those made by Hollywood studios. For one thing, Bollywood
movies are much (5)_____than most Hollywood movies. Most Bollywood movies are more than
three hours long, and contain singing, dancing, action, adventure, mystery, and romance (but
usually no kissing). Because Bollywood movies contain so many different features, this
(6)_____of movie is sometimes called a “masala” movie — “masala” is an Indian word for a
mixture of spices. Another big (7) _____between Bollywood and Hollywood movies is the way
the movies are made. It takes much longer to make a movie in Hollywood than in Bollywood.
(8)_____, filming may begin on a Bollywood movie before the script is even finished. The
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director and writers can make (9)_____the story while the movie is being made. Sometimes they
will even write the script by hand instead (10)_____taking time to type it. Bollywood actors are
very popular and some are in such high demand that they may work on several movies at the
same time.
Movie/united states/india/movies/longer/style/difference/in fact/up/of
C6. There is an old English (1)_____, “Laughter is the best medicine”. One person who certainly
would have agreed with this is Norman Cousins. Norman Cousins the editor of a magazine called
Saturday Review for almost forty years. He also wrote and (2) _____about world peace and anti-
nuclear and anti-war issues, traveling (3)_____many different countries to share his ideas. In the
1960s, after returning to the United States from a busy and tiring trip to Europe, Mr. Cousins got
sick. He discovered he had a rare disease known as <i>ankylosing spondylitis</i> that caused the
joints between his bones to (4)_____ stiff. In less than a week after he got (5)_____, he could not
stand. Every move that he (6)_____was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors
told Mr. Cousins that they did not (7)_____how to cure his problem and he might never get over
the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give (8)_____hope. Mr. Cousins thought that the
illness could be caused (9)_____unhappy thoughts. He did not want to (10)_____medicine to
cure himself. Instead, he felt that happy thoughts or laughter might cure his illness.
Saying/spoke/to/become/back/made/know/up/by/take
C7. Human memory, formerly believed to be rather inefficient, (1)_____really much more
sophisticated than that of a computer. Researchers approaching the problem from a variety of
(2)_____of view have all concluded that there is a great deal more stored in our minds than has
been generally supposed. Dr. Wilder Penfield, a Canadian neurosurgeon, proved that by
stimulating (3)_____brains electrically, he could elicit the total recall of complex events in his
subjects’ lives. Even dreams and other minor events supposedly forgotten (4)_____many years
suddenly emerged in detail. The memory trace is the term for (5)_____forms the internal
representation of the specific information about the event stored in the memory. Assumed to have
been made by structural changes in (6)____brain, the memory trace is not subject to direct
observation but is rather a theoretical construct that is used to speculate about how information
presented at a particular time can cause performance at a later time. Most theories include the
(7)____of the memory trace as a variable in the degree of learning, retention, and retrieval
possible for a memory. One theory is that the fantastic capacity for storage in the brain is the
result (8)____an almost unlimited combination of interconnections between brain cells,
stimulated by patterns of (9)_____. Repeated references to the same information support recall.
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Or, to say that another way, improved performance is the result of (10)_____the chemical bonds
in the memory.
Is/points/their/for/whatever/the/strength/of/activity/strengthening
C8. Psychologists generally (1)_____memory into (2)_____least two types, short-term and long-
term memory, which combine (3)_____form working memory. Short-term memory contains
what we are actively (4)_____on at any particular time, but items are not retained longer
(5)_____twenty or thirty seconds without verbal rehearsal. We use short-term (6)_____when we
look up a telephone number and repeat it to ourselves until we can place the call. On the other (7)
_____, long-term memory can store facts, concepts, and experiences after we stop thinking
(8)_____them. All conscious (9)_____of information, as in problem solving for example,
involves both short-term and long-term memory. As we repeat, rehearse, and recycle information,
the memory trace is strengthened, allowing that information to move (10)_____ short-term
memory to long-term memory.
Divide/at/to/focusing/than/memory/hand/about/processing/from
C9. I have (1)____ to my hometown of Wilson Creek after an absence of 10 years. So many
things have changed around here. When I left Wilson Creek, there (2)____ a small pond on the
right as you left town. They have filled in this pond and they have built a large shopping mall (3)
____ . A new post office has also been built just across from my old school. There is a baseball
(4) ____ on the outskirts of Wilson Creek which has been changed (5) ____. They have now
added a new stand where probably a few thousand people could sit. It looks really great. The
biggest changes have taken place (6) ____ the downtown area. They have pedestrianised the
centre and you can't drive there anymore. A European-style fountain has been (7) ____ and (8)
____ benches have also been added along with a grassy area and a new street cafe. My street
looks just the same as it always has but a public library has been built in the next street along.
There (9) ____ to be a great park there but they have cut down all the trees which is a pity. The
library now has a large green area in front (10) ____ it but it's not the same as when the park was
there.
Returned/was/there/stadium/completely/place/built/some/used/of
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C10. Philology (1)__is___the traditional study of language, especially of written languages in
their cultural settings. Because philology (2)__deal___with the relationship of languages, it is
usually comparative; because these relationships evolve (3)__to___time, it is typically historical.
Languages (4)_____ appear… to change in the direction of greater diversity; one language
tends to be superseded by several: a (5)__written___“dead” language preserves evidence of the
earlier forms from which “living” languages developed. The descendants of Latin have diverged
to the point that, though Italian is related (6)__to___English, they are now foreign to each other
as is their common “parent” to both. Also cultures change the meaning and use of many words. In
English, piano is a keyboard (7)_ instrument ____; in Italian piano not only names the
instrument, it also means “soft” as opposed to “loud”. The original name for the instrument was
pianoforte (soft-loud), because it was more (8) __capable___of varying sound volume than
instruments like the harpsichord that came before it. The special meaning of the Italian phrase
results from its (9)__cutural___context and the distinctive feature of the instrument it names.
But in English and other languages, we abbreviate it to piano. The English word still
(10)_names____the same instrument but the abbreviation discards “and loud" from the original
Italian phrase and hence becomes a name and not a description.
C11. Edward Patrick Eagan was (1)_____April 26, 1897, in Denver, Colorado, and his father
died in a railroad accident when Eagan was only a year old. He and his four brothers
(2)_____raised by his mother, who earned a small income from teaching foreign languages.
Inspired (3)_____Frank Merriwell, the hero of a series of popular novels for boys, Eagan
pursued an education for himself as well as an interest (4)_____boxing. He (5)_____the
University of Denver for a year before serving in the U.S. Army as an artillery lieutenant during
World War I. After the war, he entered Yale University and, while studying there, won the U.S.
national amateur heavyweight boxing title. He graduated from Yale in 1921, attended Harvard
Law School, and received a Rhodes scholarship to the University of Oxford (6)_____he received
his A.M. in 1928. While studying at Oxford, Eagan became (7)_____first American to win the
British amateur boxing championship. Eagan won his first Olympic gold medal as a light
heavyweight boxer (8)_____the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp, Belgium. Eagan also fought
at the 1924 Olympics in Paris as a heavyweight but failed to get a medal. Though he had
(9)_____ the sport just three weeks before the competition, he managed to win a second gold
medal as a member of the four-man bobsled team at the 1932 Olympics in Lake Placid, New
York. Thus he became the only athlete to (10)____gold medals at both the Summer and Winter
Olympics.
Born/were/by/in/attended/where/the/at/taken up/win
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