Lecture Political Ecology - Dr. Annuska Derks

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Lecture Political Ecology of Dr. Annuska Derks is about: Identifying broader system, viewing ecological systems as power-laden, taking an explicitly normative approach.

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Nội dung Text: Lecture Political Ecology - Dr. Annuska Derks

Political Ecology Dr. Annuska Derks
What is Political Ecology? Difference between explaining Serengeti‘s declining biodiversity and destroyed landscape from a: apolitical ecology perspective political ecology perspective http://www.planetwissen.de/natur_technik/naturschutz/serengeti/img/intro_serengeti_grafik1_g.jpg
What is Political Ecology? Political ecology perspective is about: Identifying broader system Viewing ecological systems as powerladen Taking an explicitly normative approach
What is Political Ecology? 3 assumptions (Bryant and Bailey 1997): 1. The costs and benefits associated with environmental change are distributed unequally 2. This unequal distribution inevitably reinforces or reduces existing social and economic inequalities 3. The unequal distribution of costs and benefits and the reinforcing or reducing of preexisting inequalities holds political implications in terms of altered power relationships between actors
The chain of explanation Transnational finance International institutions The state Transnational firms Local/regional institutions Producers/Communities Landscape/Ecological system (Adapted from Robbins 2004: 74)
Four Theses of Political Ecology (Robbins 2004) Thesis 1 Degradation and marginalization Thesis 2 Environmental conflict Thesis 3 Conservation and control Environmental identity and social Thesis 4 movement
Four Theses of Political Ecology and the things they try to explain Thesis 1 Thesis Degradation and marginalization What is Environmental change: who and why? explained? Relevance Land degradation, long blamed on marginal people, is put in its larger political and economic context
Four Theses of Political Ecology and the things they try to explain Thesis 2 Thesis Environmental conflict What is explained? Environmental access: who and why? Relevance Environmental conflicts are shown to be part of larger gendered, classed and raced struggles and vice versa
Four Theses of Political Ecology and the things they try to explain Thesis 3 Thesis Conservation and control What is Conservation failures and political/economic explained? exclusion: why and how? Relevance Usually viewed as benign, efforts at environmental conservation are shown to have harmful effects, and sometimes fail as a result
Four Theses of Political Ecology and the things they try to explain Thesis 4 Thesis Environmental identity and social movement What is explained? Social upheaval: who, where, and how? Relevance Political and social struggles are shown to be linked to basic issues of livelihood and environmental protection