Nghiên cứu một số yếu tố liên quan đến tật khúc xạ ở học sinh tiểu học tại tỉnh Quảng Nam năm 2022

Refractive errors, particularly myopia, constitute a significant global public health challenge, with increasing prevalence among school-aged children and serving as a leading cause of vision impairment. Undetected and uncorrected refractive errors can severely impact academic performance and quality of life. In Vietnam, while several studies have explored myopia and its risk factors, there remains a gap in comprehensive, systematic research focusing specifically on primary school students in Quang Nam province. This study addresses this critical need by investigating the prevalence and identifying key associated factors among primary school students in the region, providing vital insights for effective prevention and intervention strategies.

Public health policymakers, ophthalmologists, optometrists, school health professionals, educators, and parents concerned with pediatric eye health and myopia prevention.

This analytical descriptive study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of refractive errors among 1148 second and third-grade students across five primary schools in Quang Nam province in 2022. Utilizing a robust methodology involving student interviews, eye examinations, and visual acuity assessments, the research systematically identified various environmental and behavioral determinants. Key findings revealed that several factors significantly correlate with refractive errors in primary school students. These include engaging in extra classes (OR = 4.761), inadequate lighting in learning spaces (OR = 6.455), incorrect sitting postures during study (OR = 2.658), excessive TV-watching (OR = 4.058), and frequent game playing (OR = 6.910). Additionally, factors such as frequent story reading (OR = 3.335), helping with housework (OR = 3.135), and a family history of refractive errors (OR = 4.085) were also found to be significant. The study underscores the multifaceted nature of refractive error development, highlighting the importance of both genetic predisposition and modifiable lifestyle factors. The identification of these specific risk factors provides a critical evidence base for designing targeted public health interventions and educational programs aimed at preventing the onset and progression of myopia in primary school children, thereby improving their long-term ocular health and academic outcomes in Quang Nam province and similar regions.