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TÀI LIU MÔN HC PHÂN TÍCH VÀ THIT K HTTT
THEO UML
(ây là tài liu su tm, tng hp)
GING VIÊN PH TRÁCH: NGUYN C CNG
GING VIÊN: TÔN THT HOÀ AN – DNG KIU HOA
(Su tm tng hp)
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MC LC
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V PHÂN TÍCH THIT K H THNG .......................................................................... 6
1.1. Dn nhp ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1.1. Tính trc quan ................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1.2. Mô hình tru tng ........................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1.3. Mô hình hóa trc quan ...................................................................................................................................... 6
1.2. Mô t chu trình phát trin phn mm ........................................................................................................................ 7
1.2.1. Software Development – mt bài toán phc tp ............................................................................................... 7
1.2.2. Chu Trình Phát Trin Phn Mm (Software Development Life Cycle) ............................................................ 8
1.2.3. Các giai on ca Chu Trình Phát Trin Phn Mm ......................................................................................... 9
1.3. Phng pháp hng chc nng và phng pháp hng i tng ...................................................................... 13
1.4. u im ca mô hình hng i tng ................................................................................................................... 13
1.4.1. Tính tái s dng (Reusable) ............................................................................................................................ 13
1.4.2. Các giai on ca chu trình phát trin phn mm vi mô hình hng i tng ........................................... 14
1.5. Phn câu hi ............................................................................................................................................................... 16
CHNG 2: NGÔN NG MÔ HÌNH HÓA THNG NHT LÀ GÌ? ........................................................................... 17
2.1. Gii thiu UML .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
2.1.1. Mô hình hóa h thng phn mm .................................................................................................................... 17
2.1.2. Trc khi UML ra i ..................................................................................................................................... 18
2.1.3. S ra i ca UML .......................................................................................................................................... 18
2.1.4. UML (Unifield Modeling Language) .............................................................................................................. 19
2.1.5. Phng pháp và các ngôn ng mô hình hoá .................................................................................................... 19
2.2. UML trong phân tích thi!t k! h thng .................................................................................................................... 19
2.3. UML và các giai o"n phát trin h thng ............................................................................................................... 20
2.4. Phn câu hi ............................................................................................................................................................... 21
CHNG 3: KHÁI QUÁT V UML ................................................................................................................................. 22
3.1. UML và các giai o"n ca chu trình phát trin phn mm .................................................................................... 22
3.1.1. Giai on nghiên cu s b ............................................................................................................................. 22
3.1.2. Giai on phân tích ......................................................................................................................................... 22
3.1.3. Giai on thit k ............................................................................................................................................ 22
3.1.4. Giai on xây dng ......................................................................................................................................... 22
3.1.5. Th nghim ..................................................................................................................................................... 23
3.2. Các thành phn ca ngôn ng# UML ........................................................................................................................ 23
3.3. Hng nhìn (View) ..................................................................................................................................................... 23
3.3.1. Hng nhìn Use case (Use case View) ........................................................................................................... 25
3.3.2. Hng nhìn logic (Logical View) ................................................................................................................... 25
3.3.3. Hng nhìn thành phn (Component View) ................................................................................................... 25
3.3.4. Hng nhìn song song (Concurrency View) ................................................................................................... 26
3.3.5. Hng nhìn trin khai (Deployment View) .................................................................................................... 26
3.4. Biu $ (diagram) ....................................................................................................................................................... 26
3.4.1. Biu Use case (Use Case Diagram) ............................................................................................................ 26
3.4.2. Biu lp (Class Diagram) ........................................................................................................................... 27
3.4.3. Biu i tng (Object Diagram) ............................................................................................................... 28
3.4.4. Biu trng thái (State Diagram) .................................................................................................................. 28
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3.4.5. Biu trình t (Sequence Diagram) .............................................................................................................. 29
3.4.6. Biu cng tác (Collaboration Diagram) ..................................................................................................... 29
3.4.7. Biu hot ng (Activity Diagram) ............................................................................................................ 30
3.4.8. Biu thành phn (Component Diagram)..................................................................................................... 30
3.4.9. Biu trin khai (Deployment Diagram) ...................................................................................................... 31
3.5. Phn t% mô hình (model element) ............................................................................................................................. 32
3.6. C ch! chung (General Mechanism) ........................................................................................................................ 33
3.6.1. Trang trí (Adornment) ..................................................................................................................................... 33
3.6.2. Ghi chú (Note)................................................................................................................................................. 34
3.6.3. c t (Specification) ...................................................................................................................................... 34
3.7. M& r'ng UML ............................................................................................................................................................ 35
3.7.1. Khuôn mu (Stereotype) ................................................................................................................................. 35
3.7.2. Giá tr ính kèm (Tagged Value) .................................................................................................................... 36
3.7.3. Hn ch (Constraint) ....................................................................................................................................... 36
3.8. Mô hình hóa vi UML ............................................................................................................................................... 37
3.9. Công c( (Tool) ............................................................................................................................................................ 40
3.10. Tóm t)t v UML ....................................................................................................................................................... 41
3.11. Phn câu hi ............................................................................................................................................................. 42
CHNG 4: MÔ HÌNH HÓA USE CASE ........................................................................................................................ 43
4.1. Gii thiu Use Case .................................................................................................................................................... 43
4.2. M't s ví d( Use Case ................................................................................................................................................ 44
4.3. S* cn thi!t phi có Use Case .................................................................................................................................... 44
4.4. Mô hình hóa Use Case ................................................................................................................................................ 45
4.5. Biu $ Use Case ........................................................................................................................................................ 46
4.5.1. H thng .......................................................................................................................................................... 47
4.5.2. Tác nhân .......................................................................................................................................................... 48
4.5.3. Tìm tác nhân .................................................................................................................................................... 49
4.5.4. Biu din tác nhân trong ngôn ng UML ........................................................................................................ 49
4.5.5. Use Case .......................................................................................................................................................... 50
4.5.6. Tìm Use Case .................................................................................................................................................. 51
4.5.7. Ví d tìm Use Case ......................................................................................................................................... 52
4.6. Các bi!n th (Variations) trong m't Use Case ......................................................................................................... 53
4.7. Quan h gi#a các Use Case ........................................................................................................................................ 54
4.7.1. Quan h m rng ............................................................................................................................................. 54
4.7.2. Quan h s dng .............................................................................................................................................. 55
4.7.3. Quan h chung nhóm ...................................................................................................................................... 56
4.8. Miêu t Use Case ........................................................................................................................................................ 57
4.9. Th% Use Case .............................................................................................................................................................. 60
4.10. Th*c hin các Use Case ........................................................................................................................................... 61
4.11. Tóm t)t v Use Case ................................................................................................................................................. 63
4.12. Phn câu hi ............................................................................................................................................................. 63
CHNG 5 : MÔ HÌNH I T+NG ............................................................................................................................. 65
5.1. Lp, i tng và quan h – các thành phn c bn ca mô hình ........................................................................ 65
5.1.1. i tng (Object) .......................................................................................................................................... 65
5.1.2. Trng thái, ng x và nhn din ca i tng ............................................................................................... 65
5.1.3. Lp (Class) ...................................................................................................................................................... 66
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5.1.4. Biu lp (Class diagram) ............................................................................................................................ 67
5.2. Tìm lp ........................................................................................................................................................................ 68
5.2.1. Phân tích phm vi bài toán tìm lp ............................................................................................................. 69
5.2.2. Các lp ng c viên ........................................................................................................................................ 72
5.2.3. Loi b các lp ng c viên không thích hp ................................................................................................. 73
5.3. Lp và i tng trong UML .................................................................................................................................... 74
5.3.1. Tên lp (class name) ....................................................................................................................................... 74
5.3.2. Thuc tính (attribute) ...................................................................................................................................... 74
5.3.3. Phng thc (method) ..................................................................................................................................... 75
5.3.4. Kí hiu i tng ............................................................................................................................................ 76
5.4. Quan h gi#a các lp .................................................................................................................................................. 77
5.5. Liên h (Association) .................................................................................................................................................. 78
5.5.1. Vai trò trong liên h ........................................................................................................................................ 78
5.5.2. Liên h mt chiu (Uni-Directional Association) ........................................................................................... 79
5.5.3. S lng (Cardinality) trong liên h................................................................................................................ 79
5.5.4. Phát hin liên h .............................................................................................................................................. 80
5.5.5. X lý các liên h không cn thit .................................................................................................................... 80
5.5.6. Nâng c!p các mi liên h ................................................................................................................................ 81
5.6. Quan h k!t tp (Aggregation) .................................................................................................................................. 85
5.6.1. Khái nim kt tp ............................................................................................................................................ 85
5.6.2. Kí hiu kt tp ................................................................................................................................................. 86
5.6.3. Kt tp và liên h ............................................................................................................................................. 87
5.7. Khái quát hóa và chuyên bit hóa (Generalization & Specialization) ................................................................... 87
5.7.1. Kí hiu khái quát hóa và chuyên bit hóa ........................................................................................................ 88
5.7.2. Yu t phân bit (Discriminatior) ................................................................................................................... 89
5.8. Quan h ph( thu'c và nâng c,p (Dependency & Refinement) .............................................................................. 92
5.9. Nâng c,p mô hình qua các vòng l-p k! ti!p ............................................................................................................. 94
5.10. Ch,t lng mô hình ................................................................................................................................................. 95
5.10.1. Th nào là mt mô hình tt? .......................................................................................................................... 96
5.10.2. Ta có th giao tip vi mô hình? ................................................................................................................... 96
5.10.3. Mô hình có phù hp vi mc ích ca nó không? ........................................................................................ 96
5.10.4. N"m b"t nhng im tr#ng yu ..................................................................................................................... 97
5.10.5. Phi hp các mô hình .................................................................................................................................... 97
5.10.6. phc tp ca mô hình .............................................................................................................................. 97
5.11. Tóm t)t v mô hình i tng ................................................................................................................................. 97
5.12. Phn câu hi ............................................................................................................................................................. 98
CHNG 6 : MÔ HÌNH HÓA .NG ............................................................................................................................. 100
6.1. S* cn thi!t có mô hình 'ng (Dynamic Model).................................................................................................... 100
6.2. Các thành phn ca mô hình 'ng ......................................................................................................................... 100
6.3. u im ca mô hình 'ng ..................................................................................................................................... 102
6.4. S* kin và thông ip (Event & Message).............................................................................................................. 103
6.4.1. S kin (Event) ............................................................................................................................................. 103
6.4.2. Thông ip (Message) ................................................................................................................................... 105
6.5. Biu $ tun t* (Sequence Diagram) ...................................................................................................................... 106
6.6. Biu $ c'ng tác (Collaboration Diagram) ............................................................................................................ 108
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6.7. Biu $ tr"ng thái (State Diagram)......................................................................................................................... 109
6.7.1. Trng thái và s bin i trng thái (State transition) ................................................................................... 109
6.7.2. Biu trng thái .......................................................................................................................................... 110
6.7.3. Nhn bit trng thái và s kin ...................................................................................................................... 111
6.7.4. Mt s li mách bo cho vic to dng biu trng thái ............................................................................ 112
6.8. Biu $ ho"t 'ng (Activity Diagram) .................................................................................................................... 114
6.9. Vòng /i i tng (Object Lifecycle) ................................................................................................................... 117
6.9.1. Vòng i sinh ra và cht i ........................................................................................................................... 118
6.9.2. Vòng i lp .................................................................................................................................................. 118
6.10. Xem xét l"i mô hình 'ng ...................................................................................................................................... 118
6.10.1. Th$m v!n biu trng thái ........................................................................................................................ 118
6.10.2. Phi hp s kin .......................................................................................................................................... 119
6.10.3. Bao gi thì s dng biu nào .................................................................................................................. 119
6.10.4. Lp con và biu trng thái ...................................................................................................................... 120
6.11. Phi hp mô hình i tng và mô hình 'ng .................................................................................................... 120
6.12. Tóm t)t v mô hình 'ng ....................................................................................................................................... 121
6.13. Phn câu hi ........................................................................................................................................................... 121
