Chuyên đề Dẫn xuất halogen

1

halogen

Chú ý

VD1: CH3CH2CH2

CH2=CH–CHBr– CH3

VD2:

CH3–CH–CH2–CH3 CH3–CH–CH2–Br CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–Br

Br CH3

3CH2CH2Br và CH3CHBrCH3 là

1

A) C) B) D)

3CHClCH3 và (CH3)2CHCl là

2

A) C) B) D)

4H9Br.

3

1

2 Danh pháp

VD3: CH2=CH–F là vinyl florua Tên –

Tên

VD4: ClCH2CH2Cl là 1,2

3CH2CH2Br là

4

A) propyl bromua. C) 2–brompropan. B) 1–brompropan. D)

3)2CHBr là

5

A) 2–brompropan. C) isopropyl bromua. B) 1–brompropan. D)

3)2CHCH2Br là

6

A) 2–brom–2–metylbutan. C) 1–brom–2–metylpropan. B) 2–brom–2–metylpropan. D) 2–brom–1–metylpropan.

7 là Br Br

A) o C) 1,4 B) D)

2=CH–Cl là

8

A) vinyl florua. C) vinyl clorua. B) anlyl clorua. D) etyl clorua.

A) FCH2CH2F. C) F2CHCH3. B) CH2F2. D) CH3CH2F.

A (a) C3H7Cl. (b) C4H9Br. (c) C3H6Br2.

2

ot

3

ROH + NaX.

CH2=CH–CH2– CH2=CH–

Không

ot

> > CH3– CH3CH2– CH2–

ot

VD5: CH3CH2Cl + NaOH CH3CH2OH + NaCl

KOH

2CH2X

C6H5Br + NaOH

o

C H OH,t

2 5

RCH=CH2 + HX

VD6:

KOH

o

C H OH,t

2 5

CH3–C=CH–CH3 CH3 Br + HBr CH3–CH–CH–CH3

CH3 CH3–CH–CH=CH2

ot

o

CH3

C H OH, t

2 5

B (a) CH3CH2Cl + NaOH KOH (b) CH3CH2Br

C

A) propan–2–ol. C) propen. B) propin. D) propan.

3

D

Chú ý

Phenyl = –C6H5 Anlyl = –CH2CH=CH2

A) anlyl clorua, propyl clorua, phenyl clorua. B) anlyl clorua, phenyl clorua, propyl clorua. C) phenyl clorua, propyl clorua, anlyl clorua. D) phenyl clorua, anlyl clorua, propyl clorua.

E

(a) CH3CHBrCH2CH3 (b) CH3CHBrCH2CH3

4H9

F

Etanol = C2H5OH

G –clobutan; vinyl bromua; benzyl clorua.

Benzyl = –CH2C6H5

2H5

(a) (b)

2

2 2O).

H

(a)

e tan

3,3. (b) d A

(c)

4

4

– – – –

ROH + HX RX + H2O

ot

askt o

VD7: C2H5OH + HI C2H5I + H2O.

t

I HBr + C2H5OH C2H4 + HBr C2H4 + Br2 C2H6 + Br2

2

A) 4. B) 3. C) 2. D) 1.

J (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

o

HBr

NaOH

H 2

o

K

o

1500 C lµm l¹nh nhanh

Pd/PbCO ,t

3

HBr

NaOH/KOH,t

+H2 / Ni, to

+Br2/as

C D E A CH4

B

trình

5

Câu 1 B 2 D

3 CH3CH2CH2CH2Br; CH3CH2CHBrCH3

(CH3)2CHCH2Br; (CH3)3CBr

ot

4 D 5 D 6 C 7 D 8 C 9 C A (a) CH3CH2CH2Cl: 1–clopropan CH3CHClCH3: 2–clopropan (b) CH3CH2CH2CH2Br: 1–brombutan CH3CH2CHBrCH3: 2–brombutan (CH3)2CHCH2Br: 1–brom–2–metylpropan (CH3)3CBr: 2–brom–2–metylpropan

KOH

o

(c) CH3CH2CHBr2: 1,1 CH3CBr2CH3: 2,2 CH2BrCHBrCH3: 1,2 CH2BrCH2CH2Br: 1,3 B (a) CH3CH2Cl + NaOH CH3CH2OH + NaCl

C H OH,t

2 5

ot

(b) CH3CH2Br CH2=CH2 + HBr

KOH

o

C C D C E CH3CHBrCH2CH3 + NaOH CH3CHOHCH2CH3 + NaBr

C H OH,t

2 5

CH3CHBrCH2CH3 CH3CH=CHCH3 + HBr

F

3CH2CHICH3

CH3CH2CH=CH2

KOH

o

CH3CH2CHICH3

C H OH,t

2 5

CH3CH=CHCH3

C4H9

Các anken: but–1–en, cis– và trans–but–2–en

6

Câu

(a) CH3CHBrCH2CH3 + NaOH CH3CHOHCH2CH3 + NaBr

KOH

o

CH2=CHBr + NaOH C6H5CH2Br + NaOH C6H5CH2OH + NaBr

C H OH,t

2 5

KOH

o

(b) CH3CHBrCH2CH3 CH3CH=CHCH3 + HBr G

C H OH,t

2 5

KOH

o

CH2=CHBr

C H OH,t

2 5

C6H5CH2Br

H

(a) CH2Cl (b) C2H4Cl2 (c) CH2Cl–CH2Cl + 2NaOH CH2OH–CH2OH + 2NaCl

I B

(a) CH2=CH2 + HCl CH3CH2Cl

askt o

CH3CHCl2

t

(c) C2H6 + Cl2 C2H5Cl + HCl J

C2H5Cl + H2O

(d) C2H5OH + HCl (e) C2H5Br + NaOH C2H5OH + NaBr

K A = C2H2, B = C2H6, C = C2H4, D = C2H5Br, E = C2H5OH

7