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QJѭӡL QѭӟF QJRjL Pj NK{QJ Vӱ GөQJ
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FyKҥQWӯÿyU~WJӑQWKjQKPӝWÿRҥQYăQ
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ÿӝWѭѫQJӭQJ&ҩSÿӝ+6.Yj+6.
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3KҫQPӝW\rXFҫXWKtVLQKÿһWFkXEҵQJ
FiFWӯQJӳFKRVҹQSKҫQKDLWKtVLQKFҫQ
ÿLӅQFKӳ+iQFKtQK[iFYjR {WUӕQJ Fy
FXQJFҩS SKLrQkP%jLWKLYLӃW+6.
JӗPSKҫQSKҫQPӝWFyFkXKӓLWѭѫQJ
WӵQKѭSKҫQPӝWEjLWKLYLӃWӣFҩSÿӝ
SKҫQKDLFyFkXKӓLPӛLFkXJӗPPӝW
KuQKҧQKYjPӝWFөPWӯWKtVLQKFҫQNӃW
KӧSFK~QJÿӇÿһWFkXKRjQFKӍQK
%jLWKLYLӃW+6.FNJQJJӗPSKҫQ
SKҫQPӝWFyFkXKӓL\rXFҫXWKtVLQKVҳS
[ӃSFiFFөPWӯFKRWUѭӟFWKjQKFkXKRjQ
FKӍQKSKҫQKDLFyFkXKӓLÿӕLYӟLFkX
KӓLWKӭQKҩWWKtVLQKVӱGөQJFiFFөPWӯ
71
FKRVҹQYjYLӃWÿRҥQYăQQJҳQNKRҧQJ
FKӳFkXKӓLWKӭKDLFXQJFҩSFKRWKtVLQK
PӝWEӭFWUDQKWKtVLQKQKuQWUDQKP{WҧYj
YLӃWÿRҥQYăQQJҳQNKRҧQJFKӳ%jLWKL
YLӃW+6.JӗPSKҫQWKtVLQKÿӑFPӝW
ÿRҥQYăQNKRҧQJFKӳWURQJWKӡLJLDQ
TX\ÿӏQKUӗLU~WJӑQWKjQKÿRҥQYăQQJҳQ
NKRҧQJFKӳ1JXӗQFKLQHVHWHVWFQ
.ӻQăQJYLӃW+6.\rXFҫXWKtVLQK
SKҧLQҳPFKҳFFiFFҩXWU~FFkXQJӳSKiS
WӯYӵQJWӯÿyWKHRVӵWăQJWLӃQFҩSÿӝWKt
VLQKFҫQSKҧLYұQGөQJED\ӃXWӕWUrQÿӇ
YLӃWWKjQKFiFFkX WҩWFҧFiFFҩSÿӝWKL
ÿӅX\rXFҫXNӻQăQJQj\ÿRҥQYăQKRjQ
FKӍQKYӟLÿӝSKӭFWҥSFDREDRJӗP+6.
+6.1JRjLUDKLӇXU}FҩXWU~FÿӅ
WKLYj TXҧQOêWKӡL JLDQOjPEjLFNJQJOj
QKӳQJNӻQăQJTXDQWUӑQJPjWKtVLQKFҫQ
QҳPYӳQJÿҥWÿѭӧFÿLӇPFDRWURQJEjLWKL
YLӃW+6.
7K͹FWLQFyOLrQTXDQ
7URQJQKӳQJQăPJҫQÿk\FѫQFѫQ
VӕW WLӃQJ 7UXQJ NK{QJ KӅ Fy GҩX KLӋX
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WKL+6.ĈiQKJLiQăQJOӵFWLӃQJ7UXQJ
ÿDQJQKұQÿѭӧFVӵTXDQWkPYjWKDPJLD
Wӯÿ{QJÿҧRQJѭӡLKӑFWLӃQJ7UXQJ4XӕF
WRjQFҫX+6.\rXFҫXWKtVLQKSKҧLKRjQ
WKLӋQEӕQNӻQăQJFKtQK1JKH1yLĈӑF
9LӃW7URQJÿyNӻQăQJYLӃWJySSKҫQFҧL
WKLӋQNKҧQăQJVӱGөQJQJ{QQJӳYj[k\
GӵQJWѭ GX\OұSOXұQ ORJLF9uYұ\PӝW
WURQJQKӳQJPӕLORFӫDFӝQJÿӗQJQJѭӡL
KӑFWLӃQJ7UXQJOjWuPÿѭӧFSKѭѫQJSKiS
UqQOX\ӋQNӻQăQJYLӃW
9Ӆ SKѭѫQJ SKiS KӑF WұS QKyP
QJKLrQFӭXÿmNKҧRViWWUrQQJѭӡL
KӑF WLӃQJ 7UXQJ 4XӕF WҥL 9LӋW 1DP
3KѭѫQJSKiSKӑFYLӃW WLӃQJ7UXQJNKi
ÿDGҥQJWURQJÿyQәLEұWQKҩWOjWӵKӑF
 OӵD FKӑQ FKLӃP  Yj KӑF
TXD WUѭӡQJ OӟS  OӵD FKӑQ FKLӃP
 1JRjL UD FiF WUXQJ WkP ÿjR
WҥRWLӃQJ7UXQJ4XӕFFNJQJÿDQJGҫQWUӣ
WKjQKPӝW[XWKӃ PӟL ÿѭӧF QJj\FjQJ
QKLӅX QJѭӡL KӑF OӵD FKӑQ NKL FKLӃP
OӵDFKӑQ
1JXQ.WTXNKRViWFDÿWjL
9ӟL PRQJ PXӕQ QKұQ ÿѭӧF Vӵ Kӛ
WUӧ NӏS WKӡL Yj Nƭ OѭӥQJ WURQJ TXi WUuQK
JLҧQJ Gҥ\ Vӕ OѭӧQJ QJѭӡL OӵD FKӑQ JLD
Vѭ FNJQJ ÿDQJ Fy [X KѭӟQJ JLD WăQJ YӟL
WӹOӋWURQJWәQJVӕFkXWUҧOӡLQKyP
QJKLrQFӭXQKұQYӅ%rQFҥQKÿyYLӋFNӃW
KӧSJLӳDQKLӅXSKѭѫQJSKӭFJL~SQJѭӡL
KӑFFyWKӇOLQKÿӝQJKѫQPӝWVӕNӃWTXҧ
QKұQYӅÿѭӧFKLӇQWKӏEDRJӗPNӃWKӧS
JLӳD Wӵ KӑF Yj WUѭӡQJ OӟS  NӃW
KӧS JLӳD WUXQJ WkP Yj Wӵ KӑF 
KD\WӵKӑFÿLNqPYӟLVӵKӛWUӧFӫDJLD
VѭYY«7yPOҥLQJRjLYLӋFKӑF
WUX\ӅQ WKӕQJ QJj\ QD\ QJѭӡL KӑF WLӃQJ
7UXQJÿmFyFKRPuQKQKLӅXSKѭѫQJWKӭF
KӑFKѫQJySSKҫQQkQJFDRWtQKKLӋXTXҧ
WURQJTXiWUuQKKӑFWұSNK{QJFKӍGӯQJOҥL
ӣWUѭӡQJOӟSWUXQJWkPPjJLDÿuQKQѫL
F{QJVӣFNJQJWUӣWKjQKÿӏDÿLӇPUqQOX\ӋQ
YjKӑFWұSOêWѭӣQJFKRQJѭӡLKӑF

,,, 3KѭѫQJ SKiS YұW OLӋX
QJKLrQFӭX
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OX\ӋQNӻQăQJYLӃWWLӃQJ7UXQJWURQJNǤWKL
+6.WҥL9LӋW 1DP WKiQJ  QKyP
QJKLrQFӭXÿmWLӃQKjQKPӝWFXӝFNKҧRViW
WUrQ GLӋQ UӝQJ WK{QJ TXD KuQK WKӭF SKiW
SKLӃXNKҧRViWWUӵFWX\ӃQWUrQSKҥPYLFiF
FѫTXDQWUѭӡQJKӑFWRjQTXӕF
+ҫX KӃW SKLӃX WUҧ OӡL WKX YӅ ÿӃQ
WӯFiFWUѭӡQJ ÿҥLKӑFYj7+37FKX\rQ
Fy FKѭѫQJ WUuQK JLҧQJ Gҥ\ WLӃQJ 7UXQJ
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FiFWUѭӡQJWKXӝFNKӕLQJjQKNLQKWӃOXұW
NӻWKXұWEiRFKtF{QJQJKӋWK{QJWLQ\
GѭӧFFKLӃP
1JXQ.WTXNKRViWFDÿWjL
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NK{QJFKX\rQFDRÿҷQJYjWUXQJFҩSQJj\
FjQJFyVӵTXDQWkPÿӃQQJ{QQJӳ7UXQJ
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OӡLSKLӃXNKҧRViW1JRjLUDFyÿӕL
WѭӧQJOjQJѭӡLÿDQJÿLOjPNKXYӵFPLӅQ
%ҳFFKLӃPVӕOѭӧQJOӟQQKҩWYӟL
QJѭӡLPLӅQ1DPPLӅQ7UXQJOҫQ
OѭӧWFKLӃPOӵDFKӑQYj
OӵDFKӑQ1KӳQJVӕOLӋXWUrQFKRWKҩ\
KLӋQQD\VӕOѭӧQJQJѭӡLKӑFWLӃQJ7UXQJ
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SKҥPYLWRjQTXӕF
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QKyPQJKLrQFӭXÿmÿ~FNӃWYjWәQJNӃW
ÿѭӧF FiF NKy NKăQ QJѭӡL KӑF JһS SKҧL
WURQJTXiWUuQKOX\ӋQNӻQăQJYLӃW+6.
7URQJEjLWKL+6.NKLWKDPJLDFҩS
ÿӝ+6.WUӣOrQWKtVLQKFҫQSKҧLKRjQ
WKjQKWKrPSKҫQWKLYLӃWӢFҩSÿӝ+6.
SKҫQWKLYLӃWÿѭӧFÿiQKJLiOjNK{QJTXi
NKyYu+6.PӟLFKӍӣPӭFÿӝVѫWUXQJ
FҩSFKӫ\ӃXNLӇPWUDNKҧQăQJQKӟPһW
FKӳYj QJӳSKiSWURQJFkXFӫDWKtVLQK
7KHRNӃWTXҧNKҧRViWFKLӃPWӍOӋQKLӅX
QKҩWOjQJѭӡLÿDQJKӑFYj{Q
OX\ӋQWLӃQJ+6.3KҫQWKLYLӃWFӫD+6.
FyEjLWұSEjLÿLӅQWӯFzQWKLӃXWURQJ
FkXWKHRSLQ\LQFKRWUѭӟFEjLFzQOҥLOj
VҳS[ӃSFiFWӯWKjQKFkXKRjQFKӍQK
%QJ9QÿQJ˱LKFJSSKLNKL
KF+6.
9ҩQÿӅJһSSKҧL 6ӕOѭӧQJSKҧQKӗL
.K{QJQKӟPһWFKӳ 
7KLӃXKөWYӕQWӯYӵQJ 
1JӳSKiSFKѭDYӳQJ 
ÈSOӵFWKӡLJLDQOjPEjL 
.K{QJFyWtQKWӵJLiF 
.K{QJWKtFKWKӭWLӃQJQj\ 
1JXQ.WTXNKRViWFDÿWjL
ĈӕLYӟLEjLWKLÿLӅQWӯWKHRSLQ\LQ
FKR WUѭӟF WURQJ  FkX WUҧ OӡL Fy 
QJѭӡL  OӵD FKӑQ EjL WұS Qj\ ӣ
PӭFÿӝWѭѫQJÿӕLNKyNKăQUҩWNKyNKăQ
FKӍFyQJѭӡLOӵDFKӑQPӭF
73
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%jL WKL FKӍ FҫQ YLӃW UҩW tW QKѭQJ Yu FKӳ
WѭӧQJ KuQK WLӃQJ 7UXQJ YӕQ ÿm UҩW SKӭF
WҥS QKҩW Oj YӟL QKӳQJ QѭӟF Vӱ GөQJ KӋ
QJ{QQJӳ/DWLQKWKrPQKLӅXEӝWKӫWѭѫQJ
ÿѭѫQJQKDXFQJYӟLQKLӅXWӯÿӗQJkP
JҫQQJKƭD OjP FKR EjL WKL Qj\FNJQJ WUӣ
WKjQK\ӃXWӕJk\NKyGӉFKRWKtVLQK
6DXEjLWKLÿLӅQWӯWKtVLQKVӁÿӃQ
YӟLEjLWKLVҳS[ӃSFiFWӯFKRWUѭӟFWKjQK
FkX KRjQ FKӍQK 1Kѭ NӃW TXҧ WKX ÿѭӧF
QJѭӡLFҧPWKҩ\ÿk\OjPӝWSKҫQWKLGӉ
KRһFWѭѫQJÿӕLGӉQJѭӡLFKRUҵQJEjL
WKLQj\ӣPӭFÿӝNKyWѭѫQJÿӕLNKyFzQ
OҥLQJѭӡLFKӑQPӭFÿӝEuQKWKѭӡQJ7ӯ
NӃWTXҧQj\FyWKӇWKҩ\ÿk\FNJQJOjPӝW
WKӱWKiFKÿӕLYӟLWKtVLQKGӵWKL+6.
1KѭYұ\+6.WX\OjPӭFÿӝVѫ
WUXQJFҩSQKѭQJFNJQJÿӇOҥLPӝWVӕNKy
NKăQQKҩWÿӏQKQKѭ³.K{QJQKӟPһWFKӳ
OӵDFKӑQ7KLӃXKөWYӕQWӯ
YӵQJOӵDFKӑQ1JӳSKiS
FKѭDYӳQJ OӵD FKӑQ´ĈӇ
ÿҥW ÿѭӧF NӃW TXҧ WӕW QKҩW WKt VLQK YүQ
FҫQSKҧLWUDQJEӏÿҫ\ÿӫNLӃQWKӭFYӅFҧ
WӯYӵQJYjQJӳSKiSÿӇWKjQKF{QJFKLQK
SKөFSKҫQWKLYLӃWWURQJEjLWKL+6.
ĈӃQYӟLEjLWKL+6.SKҫQWKLYLӃW
FNJQJÿѭӧFQkQJOrQPӝWPӭFÿӝPӟL9үQ
OjSKҫQVҳS[ӃSWӯWKjQKFkXTXHQWKXӝF
WURQJEjLWKL+6.QKѭQJEjLWKLYLӃWFzQ
OҥLNK{QJFzQOjÿLӅQWӯWKHRSKLrQkPPj
WKD\YjRÿyOjViQJWҥRFkXYăQPLrXWҧ
EӭFWUDQKFӫDÿӅEjL
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{QOX\QNͿQăQJYLW+6.
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7KLӃXYӕQWӯYӵQJ 
1JӳSKiSFKѭDYӳQJ 
ÈSOӵFWKӡLJLDQOjPEjL 
1JXQ.WTXNKRViWFDÿWjL
%jLWKLVҳS[ӃSFkXÿѭӧFÿiQKJLiOj
NK{QJTXiNKyNӃWTXҧNKҧRViWFKRWKҩ\
WURQJFkXWUҧOӡLQJѭӡLFҧPWKҩ\
EjLWKLEuQKWKѭӡQJQJѭӡLFKRUҵQJEjL
WKLNKiGӉYjQJѭӡLWKҩ\EjLWKLNKy
9үQFyPӝWVӕWKtVLQKQKұQWKҩ\EjLWKL
NKyGÿmJһSGҥQJEjLQj\WURQJ+6.
FyOӁYu+6.FyQKLӅXFҩXWU~FQJӳSKiS
NKyKѫQ+6.FҫQWѭGX\QKLӅXKѫQ
9ӟLEjLWKLWKӭKDLPӟLOҥKѫQPLrX
WҧWUDQKQKLӅXQJѭӡLQKұQ[pWÿk\OjPӝW
SKҫQWKLNKy&yÿӃQWKtVLQKOӵDFKӑQ
PӭFÿӝNKyWѭѫQJÿӕLNKyQJѭӡLWKҩ\
EuQKWKѭӡQJYjWKtVLQKWKҩ\WѭѫQJÿӕL
GӉ 6ӕ OѭӧQJ EuQK FKӑQ PӭF ÿӝ NKy iS
ÿҧRÿmFKӭQJPLQKVӵSKӭFWҥSFӫDSKҫQ
WKLQj\ĈӝNKyFӫDEjLWKLQj\NK{QJFKӍ
GӯQJOҥLӣQKӳQJFkXYăQÿ~QJQJӳSKiS
PjFzQFҫQYұQGөQJVӵWѭGX\ORJLFFӫD
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ViQJWҥRVӁJL~SFKREjLOjPFӫDWKtVLQK
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7KLӃXYӕQWӯYӵQJ1JӳSKiSFKѭDYӳQJ´
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OӵFWKӡLJLDQOjPEjL´ĈӇFyWKӇNKҳFSKөF
NKyNKăQQj\QJѭӡLKӑFNK{QJFKӍFҫQQҳP
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WUDQJEӏFKRPuQKQKӳQJNLӃQWKӭFWKѭӡQJ
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WұS QKLӅX KѫQ OjP TXHQ YӟL iS OӵF WKӡL
JLDQWѭѫQJWӵWURQJSKzQJWKLÿӇNK{QJTXi
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VLQKWLӃSWөFJһSNKyNKăQWURQJYLӋFFҧL
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SKөF Yө PөF ÿtFK YLӃW Yj SKiW ELӇX GjL