TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C O N G NGHE ' Tap 48, so 2, 2010 Tr. 67-70<br />
<br />
<br />
NGHIEN Cl>U CONG NGHE TAO Hl/ONG LIEU DANG BOT<br />
TU'CYCLODEXTRIN<br />
BUI QUANG THUAT<br />
<br />
I.MODAU<br />
Huong lieu ddng mdt vai trd het siic quan trpng trong chit lugng cua eac san phim thyc<br />
pham. Chiing dupe dimg de tao nen mui thom hap dan va lam mit di mui vj khdng mong mudn<br />
trong thyc pham. Huo'ng lieu thudng tdn tai d hai dang: dang ldng va dang bpt. Trudc day,<br />
huong lieu dang ldng gifl' vai trd chu dao, chiem ti le ap dao so vdi huong lieu dang bdt. Tuy<br />
nhien dang huong lieu nay cd nhugc diem la de bay hoi va kem ben ddi vdi nhiet va anh sang<br />
[1]. Huong lieu dang bdt khac phuc dugc nhugc diem dd nen dang dupe nhieu ngudi ua chudng<br />
va chiem ITnh dan thj trudng trong nhung nam gan day. Su khae biet cua huong dang bdt duge<br />
tao nen bdi chat mang (ed djnh huong) va cdng nghe san xuat. Cd rat nhieu loai chat mang<br />
thudng dupe sii' dung de san xuat huong lieu dang bpt la eac loai dudng, cae loai mudi, tinh bdt,<br />
dextrin, maltodextrin, cyclodextrin...trong dd, cyclodextrin (CD) duge xem da tao nen mpt bude<br />
dot pha trong kT nghe san xuat huong lieu dang bdt [2, 3]. Hien nay, tren the gidi ed nhieu cdng<br />
nghe san xuat huong lieu dang bdt nhung cdng nghe dugc thira nhan la tien tien nhat la cdng<br />
nghe tao phiic vi nang phan tu (encapsulation techniques). Nhd cdng nghe nay cae phan tu' chat<br />
thom dupe bao bpc trong phan tir chat mang, lam tang them dp ben chdng lai eae tac nhan oxy<br />
hda, nhiet va anh sang [ 4 - 6 ] . Trong bai nay, chiing tdi de cap den cdng nghe tao huong lieu<br />
dang bdt tir chat mang cyclodextrin, cdn kha mdi me d Viet Nam.<br />
<br />
2. NGUYEN VAT LIEU VA PHI/OTVG PHAP NGHIEN c u t !<br />
<br />
2.1. Nguyen lieu<br />
- Cyclodextrin d dang p (P-CD) vdi ham lugng P-CD: 80,3%, dexfrose equivalent (DE): 1,6%<br />
va maltodextrin DE 12 (MD) la cac san pham nghien cii'u eua Vien Cdng nghiep thuc phim.<br />
- Huong cam dugc nhap tu Cdng boa Lien bang Diic. Huong giing la san phim nghien ciiu<br />
eiia Vien Cdng nghiep thyc pham<br />
- Gdm Arabic va cac boa chat, dung mdi dugc sii dung trong nghien ciiu nay cd ngudn gdc<br />
tir Trung Qudc.<br />
2.2. Thiet bi<br />
Thiet bj ddng hoa IKA T25; Thiet bj sa'y phun Pulvis - model GA22.<br />
2.3. Cong nghe tao huong lieu dang hot bang phuong phap tao phuc vi nang phan tu<br />
Huong gung hoac huong earn dugc sir dung lam huong chii dao. Giai doan dau tien la nhii<br />
hoa chat thom trong dung djch edn/nude chiia chit mang (CD/ MD, ti le 9/1) va chit tao nhu<br />
(gdm arable). 50 g chit mang va gdm arable dugc boa tan hoan toan trong 450 ml cdn thip do d<br />
nhiet do 45°C. Sau dd, cho them vao dung djch nay mgt lugng huong cam (hoac gimg) rdi tiln<br />
hanh qua trinh ddng boa 14.000 vdng/phiit vdi thdi gian 6 phut tai thilt bj ddng boa IKA T25.<br />
Khi qua trinh ddng boa kit thiic, lay hdn hpp ddng hoa ra va giir yen dl tao phirc d 40°C trong 6<br />
gid nhim lam cho cac phiic dugc hinh thanh va dn djnh (cin xae djnh ndng dp dung mdi cdn<br />
etylic, ti le dung mdi, gdm, huong thom ddi vdi chit mang thich hgp).<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
67<br />
Tilp do, lam klid san phim bing thilt bj siy phun Pulvis mini model GA22 vdi c- "ieu<br />
kien cua che dp say phun nhu sau: nhiet dp budng siy (inlet): 120°C, nhiet dd san pbir lU ra<br />
(outlet): 67°C - 68°C, tde dp ddng khi: 0,32 mVmin, tdc dp hut djch: 300 ml/h, ap suit Khi nen:<br />
0,1 MPa. Cudi cung, lam ngudi san pham, bao dn va ddng gdi san phim huong lieu dang bpt.<br />
2.4. Phan tich chat lugng san pham<br />
Lupng huong thom luu giu' trong san phim huong lieu dang bdt dugc xae djnh bang<br />
phuong phap cat theo hoi nude tren thiet bj Clevenger hoac bing phuong phap trich li [7,8].<br />
<br />
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN<br />
<br />
Thanh phan quan trpng va ed ti le ldn nhat de tao thanh huong lieu dang bpt la chat mang<br />
(chiem khoang 70 - 80%) so vdi tdng cac thanh phan dau vao khdng tinh dung mdi hoa tan).<br />
Chat mang dupe chiing tdi lya chpn sir dung eho nghien ciiu chu yeu la P-CD (90%)), 10% cdn<br />
lai la MD DE 12. Ddi vdi hdn hgp chat mang nay dung mdi hda tan thich hop nhat la cdn etylic<br />
ndng do (trong nude) thap. Van de dat ra la can lua chgn dugc ndng dp cdn ket hgp cho qua<br />
trinh tao huong dang bpt vdi hdn hgp chat mang CD/MD.<br />
3.1. Nghien cuu xae djnh nong do con thich hgp<br />
Cac thi nghiem dugc khao sat vdi 20 g chat mang va cac ndng dp cdn la 0, 25, 30, 35 va<br />
40%o. Ket qua thu dugc the hien trong bang 1.<br />
Bdng 1. Anh hudng cua ndng do cdn den qua trinh tao huong dang bdt<br />
Huong Cam Huong Girng<br />
Ndng dp<br />
Lugng huong cd Hieu suat cd Lugng buong cd Hieu suat cd djnh<br />
cdn, (%)<br />
trong S. phim, (g) djnh huong, (%) trong S. pham, (g) huong, (%))<br />
0 1,379 68,95 1,435 71,75<br />
25 1,504 75,20 1,548 77,40<br />
30 1,586 79,30 1,633 81,65<br />
35 1,629 81,45 1,698 84,90<br />
40 1,631 81,55 1,710 85,05<br />
Ket qua eho thay ndng dp cdn thich hpp cho viec tao hai loai huong lieu dang bdt cam va<br />
gimg deu la 35%. Dieu nay chung td MD va CD tan trong cdn etylic tdt hon la tan trong nude.<br />
3.2. Xae djnh ti le dung moi/chat mang thich hop<br />
Bdng 2. Anh hudng cua ti le dung mdi/chat mang den qua trinh tao huong dang hot<br />
Tile Huang Cam Huang Girng<br />
dung moi'chat Lugng huang co Hieu suat cd dinh Lugng huang co Hieu suat co dinh<br />
mang trong S. phim, (g) huang, (%) trong S. phim, (g) huong, (%)<br />
7,5 1 1,629 81,45 1,678 84,90<br />
8,0 1 1,655 82,75 1,723 86,15<br />
8,5 1 1,672 83,60 1,735 86,75<br />
9,0 1 1,681 84,05 1,730 84,50<br />
9,5 1 1,676 83,80 1,721 86,05<br />
De tao phiic vi nang phan tir dupe thuan lgi va cho h ieu qua eao thi chat mang ein phai hda<br />
tan hoan toan trong dung mdi, nhung neu sir dung dung mdi qua nhieu se lam tang chi phi san<br />
xuat va gay ra tdn that huong tho'm trong qua trinh say khd san phim. Do vay chiing tdi tiln<br />
hanh khao sat vdi ti le dung mdi/chit mang tai cac mii'c: 7,5/1; 8,0/1; 8,5/1; 9,0/1 va 9,5/1. Kit<br />
qua thu duge trinh bay trong bang 2.<br />
<br />
68<br />
Ket qua d bang 2 cho thiy ddi vdi huong cam dang bdt ti le dung mdi/chit mang phii hgp va<br />
cho hieu suat cd djnh huong eao nhat la: 9,0 : 1, trong khi dd ddi vdi buong girng ti le dd la: 8,5:1.<br />
3.3. Xae djnh ti le huong thorn/chat mang thich hgp<br />
Bdng 3. Anh hudng cua ti le huang tham/chat mang den den qua trinh tao huang dang bot<br />
Tile Huong Cam Huong Girng<br />
Huang thom/ chat Lugng huang co Hieu suat co djnh Lugng huong c6 Hieu suat co djnh<br />
mang, (%) trong S. phim, (g) huong, (%) trong S. pham, (g) huang, (%)<br />
10 1,681 84,05 1,735 86,75<br />
15 2,521 84,03 2,598 86,60<br />
18 3,020 83,89 3,117 86,58<br />
20 3,351 83,77 3,145 78,62<br />
22 3,364 76,45 3,163 71,89<br />
Ve mat li thuyet, khi tang ti le huong thom/chat mang thi lugng huong luu giQ' trong san<br />
pham tang len, chat lugng san pham tang theo. Tuy nhien, neu lugng huong su' dung qua nhieu,<br />
vupt qua kha nang giu huong cua cae chat mang thi lupng huong du thu'a dd se bj bay hoi, ton<br />
thit trong qua trinh tao huo'ng va bao quan. Do vay, can xae djnh dugc ti le huong thom/chat<br />
mang thich hgp cho qua trinh tao huong eua mdi loai huong dang bpt.<br />
Trong thi nghiem nay, chiing tdi tien hanh khao sat eae ti le huong tho'm/chat mang la:<br />
10%, 15%, 18%, 20% va 22%. Kit qua dugc thi hien tai bang 3.<br />
Ket qua thu dupe ghi trong bang 3 cho ta thay khi ti le huong thom/chat mang tang len thi<br />
hieu suat cd dinh huong giam di, trong khi dd lugng huong dugc ed djnh trong mpt don vi chat<br />
mang lai tang len. Xet mdt each tdng the, chiing tdi lya chpn ti le huong thom/chat mang thich<br />
hgp cho quy trinh tao huong cam dang bdt la 20%, huong gu'ng dang bdt la 1 S%, vi vdi cac ti le<br />
nay, quy trinh tao huong cam va huong girng dang bdt eho hieu qua kinh te cao nhat.<br />
3.4. Xae djnh ti le gom/chat mang thich hgp<br />
<br />
Bang 4. Anh hudng cua ti le gom/chat mang den den qua trinh tao huong dang bgt<br />
<br />
Tile Huong Cam Huong Giing .<br />
gom/chat Lugng huang co Hieu suat co Lugng huong co Hieu suat co dinh<br />
mang, (%) trong S. pham, (g) djnh huong, (%) trong S. phim, (g) huang, (%)<br />
6 3,209 80,23 2,979 82,76<br />
7 3,351 83,77 3,117 86,58<br />
8 3,406 85,15 3,414 87,25<br />
9 3,424 85,60 3,135 87,09<br />
10 3,413 85,32 3,129 86,92<br />
Gdm khdng chi ddng vai trd la chat nhQ hda giup cac chat thom phan tan deu trong dung<br />
djch chat mang, ma nd edn tao thanh mdt mang phim bao bgc toan bd phiic bao ciia chat thom<br />
hoac phan ldi ra cua chat thom trong phiic bao, giup cac phiic huong ben vung hon. Tuy nhien,<br />
neu lugng gdm trong hdn hgp dung djch nhQ hda qua ldn se gay can trd sy tiep xuc cua chat<br />
thom vdi chat mang, lam anh hudng tdi tdc do va kha nang tao phiic. Vi vay, can phai xae djnh<br />
ti le gdm phii hgp nhat de mang lai hieu qua bao ve cao ma khdng lam anh hudng nhieu tdi qua<br />
trinh tao phirc. Ti le gdm/chit mang dugc khao sat la: 6%, 1%, 8%, 9% va 10%. Kit qua thi<br />
nghiem dugc ghi trong bang 4.<br />
Qua ket qua thu dugc de dang nhan thiy ti le gdm/chit mang phii hgp eho quy trinh tao<br />
huong cam dang hot la 9%o, cho huong girng dang hot la 8% vi dem lai hieu suit cd djnh huong<br />
cao nhit. Ngoai ra, ehiing tdi cung tiln hanh cac thi nghiem nhim xae djnh mgt sd dilu kien kT<br />
<br />
<br />
69<br />
thuat tdi uu cua cdng doan nhu hda va cdng doan say phun trong qua trinh san xuat huong cam<br />
va huong girng dang bdt nen da nang dugc hieu suat cd djnh huong eua san pham huong cam<br />
dang bdt dat 92,55% va ddi vdi huong girng dang bdt dat 93,97%).<br />
4. KET LUAN<br />
Sii dyng hdn hgp chit mang dac hieu P-CD/MD DE 12 (ti le 9 : 1), vdi cdng nghe tao phiic<br />
vi nang phan tii va cdng nghe siy phun chiing tdi da thilt lap dugc cdng nghe san xuat cac san<br />
phim huong cam va huong girng dang hot cho hieu suat cd djnh huong lan lugt dat 92,55% va<br />
93,97%). Chit lupng cac san phim tdt, tuong duong vdi san pham nhap ngoai ciing loai, dap ung<br />
dugc eae yeu cau ciia san xuat trong nude.<br />
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO<br />
1. H. Yoshii, A. Soottitantawat, X. D. Liu, T. Atarashi, T. Furuta, S. Aishima, and M. O<br />
Ohgawara - Flavor release irom spray-dried maltodextrin/gum arable or soy matrices as a<br />
fiintion of storage relative humidity, Innovative Food Sci. & Emerging Tech. (2) (2001) 55-61.<br />
2. X. D. Liu, T. Furuta, H. Yosbb, P. Linko, and W. Jancoumans - Cyclodextrin<br />
encapsulation to prevent the loss of 1-Menthol and it's retention during Drying, Biosci.<br />
Biotechnol. Biochem. (8) (2000) 1608-13.<br />
3. C. Guobet, E. Semon, E. Guichard, J.L. LE Guere, and A. Voilley - Competitive binding<br />
of aroma compound by P-cyelodextrin, J. Agric. Food Chem. 49 (2001) 5916-22.<br />
4. H. Shiga, H. Yoshii, R. Taguchi, T. Nishiyama, T. Furuta, and P. Linko - Release<br />
characteristics of flavour from spray-dried powder in boiling water and during rice<br />
cooking, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 67 (2) (2002) 426-28.<br />
5. T. Kanakdande, R. Bhosale, and R. S. Singhal - Stability of cumin oleoresin<br />
microencapsulated in different combination of gum arable, maltodextrin and modified<br />
starch, Carbohydrate Polymers 67 (2007) 536-41.<br />
6. H. Shiga, H. Yoshii, H. Ohe, M. Yasuda, and T. Furuta - Encapsulation of Shiitake (Lenthinus<br />
Edodes) Flavours by Spray Drying Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 68 (1) (2004) 66-71.<br />
7. I. Padukka, B. Bhandaari, and D. Bruce - Evaluation of various extraction methods of<br />
encapsulated oil from p-cyelodextrin- lemon oil complex powder, J. Food Compo. Anal.<br />
13(1999)59-70.<br />
8. S. Yuliani, P. J. Torley, and B. D'Arcy - Extrusion of mixtures of starch and d-limonene<br />
encapsulated with P-cyelodextrin: Flavour retention and physical properties, Food<br />
Research International 39 (3) (2006) 318-31.<br />
<br />
SUMMARY<br />
<br />
PRODUCTION OF FLAVOR POWDER WITH CYCLODEXTRIN AS A CARRIER<br />
<br />
Microencapsulation technologies using B-eyclodextrin as carrier for producing orange and<br />
ginger flavor in solid form (flavor powder) were investigated. Main parameters, such as<br />
concentration of solvent (ethanol in water), ratio of solvent to carrier, ratio of flavor to carrier,<br />
ratio of gum to carrier, speed and time of homogenization process, and temperature of spray<br />
drying were optimized, leading to encapsulation efficiencies of up to 92.55%) and 93.97% for<br />
orange and ginger flavor, respectively. The obtained flavor powders can be conveniently used<br />
for creating aromas of food and pharmaceutical products.<br />
<br />
Dia chi: Nhgn bdi ngdy 12 thdng 6 ndm 2009<br />
Vien Cdng nghiep thye pham Ha Ndi.<br />
<br />
70<br />
Thêm vào BST
Báo xấu
Download
Vui lòng tải xuống để xem tài liệu đầy đủ
