Tỉ lệ và các yếu tố liên quan đến tiêm vắc xin cúm ở người cao tuổi mắc bệnh động mạch vành và/hoặc suy tim tại Bệnh viện Thống Nhất

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), encompassing conditions like coronary artery disease and heart failure, represent a significant global health burden, particularly among the elderly. These conditions are major contributors to morbidity and mortality, severely impacting the quality of life for older individuals. Seasonal influenza infection poses a substantial threat to this vulnerable population, demonstrably increasing the risk of severe cardiovascular complications and mortality through mechanisms such as systemic inflammation and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. Despite the proven benefits of flu vaccination in reducing adverse cardiovascular outcomes and hospitalizations, data regarding its uptake and associated factors in elderly Vietnamese patients with underlying cardiovascular conditions remains limited. This study aims to address this critical gap by investigating the prevalence and determinants of flu vaccination among elderly patients with coronary artery disease and/or heart failure at Thong Nhat Hospital.

Medical professionals (cardiologists, geriatricians, general practitioners), public health policymakers, and researchers in cardiovascular health and epidemiology.

This study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of flu vaccination among elderly patients with existing cardiovascular conditions in Vietnam, where uptake remains lower than international recommendations. Utilizing a prospective descriptive cross-sectional design, researchers enrolled 606 patients aged 60 and above diagnosed with coronary artery disease and/or heart failure admitted to Thong Nhat Hospital. Data collected encompassed demographic information, medical histories, frailty status assessed by the Clinical Frailty Scale, and clinical parameters. Flu vaccination status was verified through a combination of medical records, direct patient interviews, and national immunization registries. The findings revealed a flu vaccination rate of 48.2% within the study cohort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several independent factors significantly associated with vaccine uptake. Patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome at admission, those with a history of peripheral artery disease, or previous myocardial infarction exhibited a higher likelihood of vaccination. Furthermore, a higher education level (from high school upwards) and being self-employed were positively correlated with vaccine status. Conversely, factors such as smoking and a Clinical Frailty Scale score of ≥ 5 (indicating frailty) were independently associated with a lower likelihood of receiving the flu vaccine. These results underscore a critical gap in flu vaccination coverage for high-risk elderly individuals with cardiovascular disease in Vietnam, contrasting sharply with international guidelines and rates observed in more developed healthcare systems. The identified disparities are likely influenced by differences in national healthcare policies, public health awareness campaigns, and the proactive engagement of healthcare professionals in vaccine counseling. The study highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions, including the integration of flu vaccination into routine care for cardiovascular patients, enhanced patient education, and tailored strategies to reach vulnerable subgroups such as those with lower educational attainment, smokers, and frail individuals, thereby improving protective coverage and reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.