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Bài giảng Kỹ thuật phản ứng sinh học: Chương 3 - Bùi Hồng Quân

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Bài giảng Kỹ thuật phản ứng sinh học: Chương 3 Động học phản ứng tạo sinh khối, cung cấp cho người học những kiến thức như: Quá trình tạo sinh khối vi sinh vật; Kỹ thuật nuôi cây theo mẻ; Kỹ thuật nuôi cây theo mẻ có bổ sung cơ chất; Phương trình Monod và Động học tạo sinh khối vi sinh vật. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo!

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http://buihongquan.com Chương 3. Động học phản ứng tạo sinh khối  3.1. Cá c khá i niệ m cơ bả n  3.2. Quá trình tạ o sinh khó i vi sinh vạ t  3.3. Kỹ thuạ t nuoi cá y thêo mể  3.4. Kỹ thuạ t nuoi cá y thêo mể có bỏ sungcơ chá t  3.5. Phương trình Monod và Đọ ng họ c tạ o sinh khó i vi sinh vạ t 12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 152
http://buihongquan.com BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS •BIOREACTORS Lab Scale Bioreactor Industrial Scale Bioreactor 12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 153
http://buihongquan.com Fermentation Process 12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 154
http://buihongquan.com Major Functions of a Bioreactor 1) Provide operation free from contamination; 2) Maintain a specific temperature; 3) Provide adequate mixing and aeration; 4) Control the pH of the culture; 5) Allow monitoring and/or control of dissolved oxygen; 6) Allow feeding of nutrient solutions and reagents; 7) Provide access points for inoculation and sampling; 8) Minimize liquid loss from the vessel; 9) Facilitate the growth of a wide range of organisms. Ref;(Allman A.R., 1999: Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology) 12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 155
http://buihongquan.com Biotechnological Processes Of Growing Microorganisms In A Bioreactor 1) Batch culture: microorganisms are inoculated into a fixed volume of medium and as growth takes place nutrients are consumed and products of growth (biomass, metabolites) accumulate. 2) Semi-continuous: fed batch-gradual addition of concentrated nutrients so that the culture volume and product amount are increased (e.g. industrial production of baker’s yeast); Perfusion-addition of medium to the culture and withdrawal of an equal volume of used cell-free medium (e.g. animal cell cultivations). 3) Continuous: fresh medium is added to the bioreactor at the exponential phase of growth with a corresponding withdrawal of medium and cells. Cells will grow at a constant rate under a constant condition.Bioreaction engineering. 12/23/2018 156
http://buihongquan.com Biotechnological processes of growing microorganisms in a bioreactor 12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 157
http://buihongquan.com A Fermenter / Bioreactor And Its Parts by Genentech, Corporate Communication 12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 158
http://buihongquan.com Single System for Anchorage-Dependent and Suspension Cultures New Brunswick Scientific Company 12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 159
http://buihongquan.com 1500L-Scale Bioreactors (courtesy of Tanox ) 12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 160
http://buihongquan.com Batch Culture VS Continuous Culture Continuous systems: limited to single cell protein, ethanol productions, and some forms of waste-water treatment processes. Batch cultivation: the dominant form of industrial usage due to its many advantages. Ref;(Smith J.E, 1998: Biotechnology) 12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 161
http://buihongquan.com Advantages of Batch Culture VS Continuous Culture 1) Products may be required only in a small quantities at any given time. 2) Market needs may be intermittent. 3) Shelf-life of certain products is short. 4) High product concentration is required in broth for optimizing downstream processes. 5) Some metabolic products are produced only during the stationary phase of the growth cycle. 6) Instability of some production strains require their regular renewal. 7) Compared to continuous processes, the technical requirements for batch culture is much easier. 12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 162
http://buihongquan.com Fermentation Technology  What is it important to know the kinetics of the reaction in the fermenter? 12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 163
http://buihongquan.com Cell Growth Typical pattern of growth cycle during batch fermentation I. Lag phase II. Acceleration phase III. Exponential (logarithmic) phase IV. Deceleration phase V. Stationary phase VI. Accelerated death phase VII. Exponential death phase VIII. Survival phase 12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 164
http://buihongquan.com Cell Growth...cont... Lag Phase Exponential Growth Stationary Phase Death Phase Phase •Little increase in •Cell are dividing at •Cell reach a •Decrease in live cell cell conc. max rate minimum biological conc occur. •Cell adjusting their •Cell able to use the space (lack of 1@> •Results of toxic by- new environment, nutrients most nutrients limits cell product efficiently growth) synthesizing •Net growth = 0 enzymes & ready to •Fermentation reproducing product produce. 12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 165
http://buihongquan.com Rate Laws Rate law for the cell growth rate of new cells, Cells + Substrate More Cells + Product The most commonly used expression is the Monod equation for exponential growth; rg  Cc Where, rg  cell _ growth _ rate( g / dm3 .s)   specific _ growth _ rate(s 1 ) Cc  cell _ concentrat ion( g / dm3 ) 12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 166
http://buihongquan.com Rate Laws...cont... Specific cell growth rate can be expressed as, Cs    max ,s 1 K s  Cs Where,  max  a _ max_ specific _ growth _ reaction _ rate(s 1 ) K s  the _ monod _ cons tan t ( g / dm3 ) Cs  substrate(nutrient )concentrat ion( g / dm3 ) 12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 167
http://buihongquan.com Rate Laws...cont... Combine, Cs rg  Cc and    max , s 1 K s  Cs Will get,  max C s Cc Monod equation for bacterial cell rg  K s  Cs growth rate Parameter value for the E.coli growth on glucose.  max  1.3h 1 Ks is small for a numb of different bacteria in which case K s  2.2 X 10 5 mol / dm3 the rate law reduce to, rg   max Cc 12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 168

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