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SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO KỲ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI LỚP 12 THPT
THANH HOÁ GIẢI TOÁN TRÊN MÁY TÍNH CẦM TAY NĂM HỌC 2010 - 2011
Thời gian 150 phút
ĐỀ CHÍNH THỨC MÔN: HOÁ HỌC
ĐIỂM CỦA TOÀN BÀI THI Các giám khảo
(Họ tên, chữ ký)
Số phách
Bằng số 1.
Bằng chữ 2.
Chú ý: 1. Nếu không nói gì thêm, hãy tính chính xác đến 5 chữ số thập phân.
2. Chỉ cần giải tóm tắt và ghi kết quả mà không được có thêm ký hiệu gì khác.
3. Được sử dụng bảng toàn hoàn các nguyên tố hoá học do nhà xuất ban giáo dục phát hành.
Câu 1. Mçi ph©n tö XY3 cã tæng c¸c h¹t proton, n¬tron, electron b»ng 196; trong ®ã, sè h¹t mang ®iÖn
nhiÒu h¬n sè h¹t kh«ng mang ®iÖn lµ 60, sè h¹t mang ®iÖn cña X Ýt h¬n sè h¹t mang ®iÖn cña Y lµ 76.
a) H·y x¸c ®Þnh kÝ hiÖu ho¸ häc cña X,Y vµ XY3 .
b) ViÕt cÊu h×nh electron cña nguyªn tö X,Y.
* Lời giải tóm tắt:
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* Kết quả:
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Câu 2: C©n b»ng cña ph¶n øng khö CO2 b»ng C : C + CO2 ⇌ 2CO x¶y ra ë 1090K víi h»ng sè c©n b»ng
Kp = 10.
a) T×m hµm l−îng khÝ CO trong hçn hîp c©n b»ng, biÕt ¸p suÊt chung cña hÖ lµ 1,5atm.
b) §Ó cã hµm l−îng CO b»ng 50% vÒ thÓ tÝch th× ¸p suÊt chung lµ bao nhiªu?
* Lời giải tóm tắt:
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* Kết quả:
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Câu 3: Một loại khoáng chất có chứa 13,77%Na; 7,18%Mg; 57,48%O; 2,39%H và còn lại là nguyên tố X
về khối lượng. Hãy xác định công thức phân tử của khoáng chất đó.
* Lời giải tóm tắt:
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* Kết quả:
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Câu 4: Tính bán kính nguyên tử gần đúng của Ca ở 200C, biết tại nhiệt độ đó khối lượng riêng của Ca
bằng 1,55 g/cm3. Giả thiết trong tinh thể các nguyên tử Ca có hình cầu, có độ đặc khít là 74%.
Cho nguyên tử khối của Ca = 40,08.
* Lời giải tóm tắt:
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* Kết quả:
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Câu 5: X¸c ®Þnh momen l−ìng cùc (D) μCl , μ3
CH vµ μ
2
NO trong c¸c dÉn xuÊt thÕ 2 lÇn cña nh©n benzen
sau: 1,2 – dinitrobenzen (μ = 6,6 D); 1,3 – diclobenzen (μ = 1,5 D); para – nitr«toluen (μ = 4,4 D);
* Lời giải tóm tắt:
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* Kết quả:
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Câu 6: a. TÝnh pH cña dung dÞch A lµ hçn hîp gåm HF 0,1M vµ NaF 0,1M ?
b. TÝnh pH cña 1 lÝt dung dÞch A trong 2 tr−êng hîp sau :
- Thªm 0,01 mol HCl vµo dung dÞch A
- Thªm 0,01 mol NaOH vµo dung dÞch A .
BiÕt KA(HF)= 6,8. 10-4 và thể tích dung dịch không đổi.
* Lời giải tóm tắt:
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* Kết quả:
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Câu 7: Tính năng lượng liên kết trung bình C−H và C−C từ các kết quả thực nghiệm sau:
- Nhiệt đốt cháy CH4 = - 801,7 kJ/mol
- Nhiệt đốt cháy C2H6 = - 1412,7 kJ/mol
- Nhiệt đốt cháy Hidrro = -241,5 kJ/mol
- Nhiệt đốt cháy than chì = -393,4 kJ/mol
- Nhiệt hóa hơi than chì = 715 kJ/mol
- Năng lượng liên kết H−H = 431,5 kJ/mol.
Các kết quả đều đo được ở 298K và 1atm.
* Lời giải tóm tắt:
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* Kết quả:
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Câu 8: Nitrosyl clorua lµ mét chÊt rÊt ®éc, khi ®un nãng sÏ ph©n huû thµnh nit¬ monoxit vµ clo.
a) H·y viÕt ph−¬ng tr×nh hãa häc cho ph¶n øng nµy.
b) TÝnh Kp cña ph¶n øng ë 298K (theo atm vµ theo Pa). Cho:
Nitrosyl clorua Nit¬ monoxit
Cl2
ΔHo
298 (kJ/mol) 51,71 90,25 0
S0298 (J/K.mol) 264 211 223
c) TÝnh gÇn ®óng Kp cña ph¶n øng ë 475K
* Lời giải tóm tắt:
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* Kết quả:
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Câu 9: Trén CuO víi mét oxit kim lo¹i ®¬n hãa trÞ II theo tû lÖ mol 1:2 ®−îc hçn hîp A. DÉn mét luång
khÝ H2 d− ®i qua 3,6 gam A nung nãng thu ®−îc hçn hîp B. §Ó hßa tan hÕt B cÇn 60 ml dung dÞch HNO3
nång ®é 2,5M vµ thu ®−îc V lÝt khÝ NO duy nhÊt(®ktc) vµ dung dÞch chØ chøa nitrat kimlo¹i. X¸c ®Þnh kim
lo¹i hãa trÞ II nãi trªn vµ tÝnh V.
* Lời giải tóm tắt:
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* Kết quả:
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Câu 10: Mét hçn hîp (X) gåm 1 ancol no ®¬n chøc (A) vμ 1 axit no (B) 2 lÇn axit. Khèi l−îng
cña (X) lμ mX = x gam. Chia (X) lμm 3 phÇn b»ng nhau:
- PhÇn 1 cho t¸c dông víi natri d− cho ra y lÝt hi®ro (®ktc).
- PhÇn 2 ®èt ch¸y hÕt cho ra z gam CO2.
a) TÝnh sè mol a (nA), b (nB) theo x, y, z.
b) Cho x = 34,8 gam, y = 3,36 lÝt vμ z = 15,4 gam
* X¸c ®Þnh c«ng thøc cÊu t¹o cña (A), (B).
* TÝnh thμnh phÇn phÇn tr¨m theo khèi l−îng cña hçn hîp (X).
c) PhÇn 3 ®un nãng víi H2SO4 (xóc t¸c). TÝnh khèi l−îng este thu ®−îc víi hiÖu suÊt
ph¶n øng lμ 80%.
Cho: C = 12, H = 1, O = 16, N = 14, Cl = 35,5, Na = 23, K = 39, S = 32, Ca = 40, Br = 80.
* Lời giải tóm tắt: