Nghien cilu<br />
Gia d i n h v^ G i 6 i<br />
Sfl" 5 - 2 0 1 2<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Quyen quye't djnhfld'lvoii nhd, ai\ i<br />
cua v0 vd chdng Irong gia dinh hifin nay<br />
(Qua cu$c khdo sdt tai thdnh phd VTnh Ydn, tmh Vinh Phuc)<br />
<br />
<br />
Le Thj Hdng Hdi, Pham Thanh Van<br />
Vi6n Gia dinti vd Gidi<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
T6m tAt: Sfl dyng stf li$u ifl m^t cu^c dieu tra tai thanh pho<br />
Vinh Y6n nftm 2011 ve quan h^ vp chong, vdi each tiep cSn vfin<br />
ho6 vft di^a trSn khung phiin tich phfin hS nguon luc titdng dw,<br />
b6i viSt tim hi^u quy^n quy^t djnh cua vif vS chfing doi vdi vific<br />
mua bfin, chuye'n nhii^ng, cho thue ... nhA, dfit d trong gia dinh<br />
hi$n nay cdng c6c y6'u ttf t6c dpng. Kfi't qua cho thfiy, ve cd ban,<br />
ngudi chdng vfin dupc cho Ifi ngUdi nflm quyen quyfit dinh doi v6i<br />
nhft, dfi't d trong ph/in Idn cfic gia dinh. Cfin can quy^n liic giiia<br />
vfl vfi chfing chju linh hUdng cua cfic yeu ttftuoi. nghe, hoc vfin<br />
vfi d$c bi^t Ifi cfic yfiu t6' liSn quan tdi vi^c ddng gdp kinh tS' cho<br />
gia dinh, ngu6n tifin hay ngu6n gdc tfii san. Ndi each khfic, Uu<br />
the' trong vi^c nftm giQ cfic ngufin li^c kinh t^, xa hoi anh hij5ng<br />
tfch cvfc tdi vi$c cd dUflc quy^n quyfit dinh trong gia dinh, tuy<br />
nhidn. kh6ng holin tofin tuy^t dfll mfi nd vfin con chiu anh hiiflng<br />
bdi cfic gift trj vfln hofi truyfi'n thd'ng.<br />
<br />
Tti khda: (^uyen quy^t dinh nhfi dfi't; Quyen luc v^ chong; Quan<br />
h$ v(? ch6ng; Gia dinh.<br />
<br />
<br />
Ddt van de<br />
<br />
Quan he quy^n luc giiia vg va ch6ng trong gia dlnh thucmg dupc cic<br />
nha nghifin cuu v^ gia dinh quan tfim, tim hi^u b .sir tham gia cQa ngudi vcf<br />
L6 Thi Hong Hfii & Ph^m Thanh Vfin 55<br />
<br />
vfi ngucri ch6ng vko qu5 trinh quye't dinh cfic c6ng viec ctia gia dlnh nhu<br />
s6' con, bien phfip trfinh thai, quan he ho hkng, quan he xa hOi, cfing viec<br />
san xua't kinh doanh, mua sfim tfii s^n dfit lifin. mua bfin nhk da't hofic xay<br />
siia nhk ciia,... cho gia dlnh. Nhi^u nghifin clhi chi ra rfing ngu5i ch6ng<br />
chie'm uu the' vk thudng \k ngudi quytft dinh chfnh c5c cdng viec quan<br />
trong ciia gia dinh do anh hudng cua y^u td' van hofi truyen thdng trpng<br />
nam (Dd Thi Binh, Le Ngpc Van vfi NguySn Linh Khitfu, 2002; VQ Manh<br />
Lpi, 2004; TrSn Thi Van Anh vfi Nguyin HOu Minh, 2008; Bd Vfin hofi,<br />
Th^ thao vfi Du lich vfi cfic ca quan khfic, 2008...).<br />
Dd'i vdi mpi ki^u loai gia dlnh, dil d thfinh thi hay ndng thdn thl nhk<br />
ciia, dix dai bao gid cung cd gifi tri dac biet Idn vfi r^t quan trpng trong<br />
khd'i iki san ciaa gia dlnh. Theo cfic tfic gia, day Ifi nhung tfii san cd gifi trj<br />
nha'i. anh hudng nhi^u tdi mdi quan he vp chdng trong gia dinh. Cfic quye't<br />
dinh lien quan de'n nha/dfi't b ihi hien ro cfin cfin quyln luc giBa vp va<br />
chdng, phan finh quan he gidi trong gia dinh (Dd Thi Binh, Le Ngpc Van<br />
vfi Nguyin Linh Khi^u, 2002: 92; Trfin Van Anh vfi Nguyin HOu Minh,<br />
2008:411).<br />
Dua tren sd lieu cudc dilu u-a'" thfing 4 nam 2011 tai phudng Ddng Da<br />
va xa Dinh Trung cua thanh phd Phiic Yen, tinh VTnh Phuc, mdt trong<br />
nhung dia phucmg dang diln ra qufi trmh dP thi hoa manh me, vdi t6ng sd<br />
mfiu dinh lirpng la 302, trong dd 169 nam va 133 nir d dP tu6i til 21 de'n<br />
49 tudi, da lap gia dinh rieng; 12 phong vfin sfiu va 6 thao luSn nhdm, bfii<br />
vie't mong mudn tim hieu quyln quylt dinh mua, bfin, chuyen nhupng,<br />
trao tfing, cho thue dd'i vdi nha b/dil b - hay ndi each khac quyln dinh doat<br />
ddi vdi nha/dfit b - giiJa ngudi vp vfi ngudi chdng trong gia dinh hien nay<br />
va chi ra nhiJng y^u td tac ddng de'n mdi quan he nfiy.<br />
<br />
Khung phan tich<br />
<br />
Quyln quye't dinh trong gia dinh thudng dupc xem xlt dudi gdc dd<br />
tucmg quan giiJa vp vfi chdng trong viec quylt dinh mdt sd cfic cdng viec<br />
gia dinh nhu: san sufit/kinh doanh; mua sfim tfii san Idn; mua ban hofic xay<br />
siia nha ciia... Cac nghien cuu phfin tich co cfi'u quyln luc trong gia dlnh<br />
thudng SLT dung khung ly thuylt phfin bd ngudn luc tucfng ddi, theo dd,<br />
ngudi nao cd nhilu ngudn luc hem se co vi the' cao hem trong viec quylt<br />
dinh cac cdng viec gia dinh. Theo Blood va Wolfe (1978), 3 ngudn luc<br />
quan trpng quydt dinh can cfin quyln luc ciia vp va chdng trong gia dinh<br />
ifi thu nhfip, uu the' nghi nghiep va trinh dP hoc vfi'n. Trong hfiu het cfic nln<br />
vfin hofi, nam gidi thucmg cd lpi the' hem phu nu trong viec tie'p cfin 3 ngudn<br />
36 NghiAn cilTU Oia dlnh vfi Qldl. Quyt'n 22, U 5, tr. 54-64<br />
<br />
<br />
li;c n&y vfi ktft qufi Ifi hp thudng cd quyln hem trong gia dlnh (DSn theo<br />
Pham Thj Hu^ 2008:370).<br />
MOl cfich ti^p c$n khfic cQng thudng dupc sCr dyng khi nghiin cdu vl<br />
mtfi quan he quyln luc gi&a vp vfi chdng Ifi cfich lil'p cfin vfln hofi. Theo<br />
cfich lil'p c$n nfiy. van hofi Ifi ytfu id quyft djnh dtfn vai trd ciia vp vfi chdng<br />
trong vl$c ra quytfl djnh, dtfn .su phfln bd quyln luc gitta hai vp chdng trong<br />
gia dlnh. Theo quan ni$m truyin ihdng. tu ludng gia trudng Ifi lu ludng chu<br />
dao. duy tri mdi quan he gia dlnh, dflc biet Ifi mtfi quan he gii^ vp vfi chdng.<br />
1\iy nhien, si/ li£'n bd cQa phM n0 trong nhDng ihfip ky gfin dfly trong cac<br />
ITnh vuc gifio due vfi vile Ifim dfi giup (hilt Iflp mtfi quan hi binh dflng hon<br />
trong vi$c ra quytfl dinh giffa vp vfi chdng (Trfin Thi CSm Nhung, 2009).<br />
<br />
Dua tren cfic gpi y iCr cfic ly thuyll tren, bfii vi^t tim hilu thuc t6 vfi cfic<br />
yl'u id tfic ddng d^n viec dua ra cfic quyfi djnh lien quan din mua, bfin,<br />
chuyin nhupng ... nhk/d&i b cua ngudi vp vfi ngudi chdng uong gia dinh<br />
hiln nay.<br />
Bfii vie't si!t dung thdng tin tra \iji cho cfiu hdi "Ai Ifi ngudi c6 quyln<br />
quy^i djnh (mua, bfin. chuyin nhupng, cho thue ...) dd'i vdi nhfi d vfi dfi^t<br />
d hien tai cua gia dlnh" vdi cfic phuong fin: (1) Qidng; (2) Vp; (3) Ngudi<br />
khfic; (4) C!fi hai vp chdng. VI bfii vil't chi quan ifim tdi quan he vp chdng<br />
nen khdng dua cfic trudng hpp do ngubi khfic dinh doat vfio phfin ti'ch.<br />
Cfic bien dupc dua vfio phfin lich bao gdm: ludi. gidi linh, hpc vfin, nghi<br />
nghiep. mti'c ddng gdp liln cho ngdi nhfi dang d, ngudi quan 1;^ tiln ciia<br />
gia dinh. ngufri ddng gdp thu nhfip gia dinh nhilu hem, hofin canh kinh tl<br />
gia dlnh; ndng ihdnAhfinh thi.<br />
<br />
Thirc te quyen quyet djnh doi vdi nha/dat d cua vd/chong trong<br />
gia dlnh<br />
<br />
Kll qua dilu tra cho thfiy .'^8.6''( ngudi tham gia nghien cihi cho rfing<br />
ngudi cd quyln quyC't dinh dd'i vdi viec mua bfiji, chuyin nhupng ...<br />
nhk/dSl b cua gia dlnh hp Ifi ngu^ chdng. Ti le nfiy cua ngucri vp Ifi 5,6%.<br />
Nhu vay li le ngudi chdng dupc cho Ifi cd quyln dinh doat dd'i vdi tai san<br />
Ifi nhfi d/dfi'i d cao gfi'p 11 Ifin so \'di ngudi vp. Tuy nhien, ti le hai vp chdng<br />
cimg cd quyln dinh doat cflng khfi cao, chilm xfi'p xi 36% (xem bilu dl<br />
1). Thuc l l nfiy khdng khfic biet nhilu so vdi ke't qua Dilu tra gia dinh Viet<br />
Nam 2006: trong gia dinh miln Bfic 59,6% ngudi chdng Ifi ngudi quyll<br />
dinh cudi cung viec mua bfin/xfiy siia nha cira cua gia dinh, ti le nay b<br />
ngudi vp Ifi 9.5':^ vfi ca hai vo chdng Ifi 30,8% (Trfin Thi C^m Nhung,<br />
Le Thj Hong Hai & Ph^m Thanh Vfin 57<br />
<br />
Bieu 66 I. NguJVl nfim quyln djnh doat nhfi d vfi dfil a hien tai<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
2009:37). Nhu vfiy, nhin chung ngudi chdng vfin la ngudi quy^t dinh chfnh<br />
ddi vdi nhimg viec lien quan din dfi't dai, nhfi ciia trong gia dinh. Su tham<br />
gia ngay cang sfiu rdng ciia phu nir vfio cfic hoat ddng san xufit vfi hoat<br />
dong xa hdi ben ngofii gia dinh; tfic ddng ciia lufit phap chinh sfich, cac<br />
chuong trinh xa hdi hudng tdi binh dfing gidi ... la nhihig nhfin td'quan<br />
trpng Ifim thay ddi khudn mfiu vl quyln quyet dinh trong gia dinh Vfet<br />
Nam (Bp Van hofi, Thl thao va Du lich vfi cfic co quan khfic, 2008:80).<br />
<br />
Yeu to tac dong<br />
<br />
Khi xem xet cac ye'u id tac dOng de'n quyln quye't dinh dd'i vdi nha/dfi't<br />
d, ke't qua dilu tra cho thfiy nhimg ngudi tham gia nghiSn ciiu d mpi liia<br />
tudi, uinh do hpc van, nghi nghiep hay mdc sdng cho rang viec nfim<br />
quyln quyet dinh dd'i vdi tai san la nha/dlft b cua gia dinh Ifi' ngudi chdng<br />
lu6n chi^m ti le cao.<br />
6 mpi nhdm tudi, sd ngudi ua Idi cho rfing ngudi chdng nfim quyen<br />
quye't dinh dd'i vdi tfii san b^i ddng san cua gia dinh, cu thl Ifi d&i d/nha d,<br />
ludn chil^m uu the' (ty le xfijp xi 60%). Ti le cho rfing ngudi vp nfim quyen<br />
quy^t dinh tai san nay Ifi r^it th^p, trung binh khoang 5%.<br />
Ye'u td hpc v&n cd md'l lien he tdi viec cDng nfim quyln quylt dinh nha<br />
dfit cua ngudi vp va ngudi chdng trong gia dinh. Trong sd nhimg ngudi tra<br />
Idi phdng vfi'n, khi trinh dd hpc v^n cang cao thi ti le sd ngudi cho rfing hai<br />
58 NghlAn cOu Oia dlnh vfi Qldl. Quylfn 22, »65, tr. 54*64<br />
<br />
<br />
Bang 1. Tuong quan nfim q u y l n q u y l l djnh ddl vdi nhfi 6/dtft d Iheo cfic<br />
y l u td' tudi, hpc vlKn, n g h i nghlf p, mtirc sdng cua ngudi tra Idt<br />
<br />
<br />
Ye'u 16 NguOt quy^l d i n h n h i t / d £ l d<br />
Ch6ng V? Hai vach6ng<br />
Nham mil 21-30 57.1 3.6 39.3<br />
31-40 60.4 5.0 34.7<br />
40-49 57.5 6.7 35,7<br />
Hoc vHn Ti^u hpc 53.8 23.1 23,1<br />
THCS 68.8 5.5 25.7<br />
THIT 53.4 2.7 43,8<br />
CDDH 46.3 5.6 48.1<br />
Nh6m ngh^ COng nhan 68.0 8.0 24.0<br />
Cfin b^/vifin chtJc 43.8 6.3 50.0<br />
Kinh doanh/djch vu 59.4 1.6 39.1<br />
Ndng dan/thiicOng 62.6 7.1 30.3<br />
Hoan canh Khfi gill 63.5 3.2 33.3<br />
kinh le Trung binh 56.1 6.9 37,0<br />
Nghio 69.2 0 30.8<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
vp chdng hp cQng quytft dinh cfing cao. NCu hpc vfin cua ngirtri tra Idi b<br />
bfic tilu hpc, ti le nfiy Ifi 23,1% thi d bfic cao dfing dai hpc ti le nfiy la<br />
48,1%.<br />
<br />
Cd de'n mdt nua nhdm ngudi Ifim cfin bdA'iCn chiic cho rfing hp cilng<br />
nfim quyln dinh doat nhfi dfi't d vdi vp/chdng minh, trong khi d cfic nhdm<br />
ngfinh nghi khfic ly le cho rfing ca hai vp chdng cDng nfim quyln dinh doat<br />
nhfi dfi^l d chi iCr 24% din 39^;-. 6 nhdm ngfinh kinh doanh. dich vu, chua<br />
de'n 2% sd ngudi cho rfing ngudi vp nam quyln dinh doat tfii sfin bfii dPng<br />
san cua gia dinh.<br />
<br />
Dil miic sd'ng ciia gia dlnh Ifi khfi gia hay nghio thi ngudi chdng vfin<br />
chie'm li le cao trong vice nfim quyln quye't dinh ddi vdi tai san nhfi d^l<br />
ciia gia dinh.<br />
<br />
Kit qua dilu tra chi ra rfing khi ngudi chdng la ngudi nfim quyln quy^ -<br />
dinh dd'i vdi nhfi d hofic da't d ciia gia dinh thi cd tdi gfin mdt nira (43,8%)<br />
L« Th} Hong Hii A Pham Thanh Vfin 59<br />
<br />
vi dd Ifi tfii sfin thiia kl' do cha me ciia ngudi chdng cho. Ngofii ra, cdn vl<br />
d6 Ifi tai san ngudi chdng cd uudc hdn nhfln (2,1%), Ifi tfii san rieng cua<br />
ngudi chdng (0,7%) hay vl ngudi chdng Ifi ngudi cd thu nhfip cao nhfit<br />
trong gia dinh (5,5%). Trong uudng hpp ngudi vg nfim quyln quye't djnh<br />
tfii san ba't ddng san thl chi c6 28,6% vl d6 Ifi tfii sfin thCta ktf ciia ngudi phu<br />
nii; 7,1% vi ngudi phu nii Ifi ngudi cd thu nhfip cao nhfi't Uong gia dlnh. Nhu<br />
vfiy, kha nflng kilm sofit tfii san ciia gia dinh phu thudc rfii nhilu vfio ngudn<br />
gdc cua tfii san dd, miic dd ddng gdp ciia vp vfi chdng vfio kinh te'gia dlnh<br />
cung Ifi mdt ye'u id quan trpng trong viec kilm sofit tfii san gia dlnh.<br />
<br />
Khi xem xlt ye'u id ngudi quan 1;? tfii chfnh ciia hd gia dlnh cung thfiy<br />
chenh lech rd ret giiia ngudi chdng vfi nguW vp uong viec nfim quyln quye't<br />
dinh ddi vdi tfii san bfi't ddng san ciia gia dinh. Trong trudng hpp ngudi<br />
chdng hofic hai vp chdng cimg quan 1^ thi khdng cd ngudi phu nii nfio nfim<br />
quyln quye't dinh dd'i vdi nhfi d vfi dfi't d. Trudng hpp ngudi vp Ifi ngudi quan<br />
ly tfii chinh ciia hd gia dinh ihi cung chi cd khoang mdt niia phu nQ dupc<br />
cho Ifi nfim quyln dinh doat ddl vdi loai tfii san nfiy. T\iy nhiSn, ti le cho<br />
rfing hai vp chdng cung nfim quyln quye't dinh cao hon rfit nhilu so vdi<br />
trudng hpp ngudi chdng quan ly tai chinh (36,9% so vdi 16%).<br />
<br />
Mdt sd nghien ciiu da chi ra rfing khi ngudi phu nir tham gia thi uudng<br />
lao dpng vfi cd ddng gdp kinh t^ cho gia dinh thi dia vi ciia hp trong gia<br />
dinh cung dupc nfing len, ngucri phu nii cfing ddc lap hon vl kinh te' thi hp<br />
cang It ie thudc vfio nam gidi vfi hp cd quyln tu chu hon (Pham Thi Hue,<br />
2008; Bui Thi Thanh Hfi, 1997; Le Ngpc Van, 1999; Bui Thi Kim Qu)-.<br />
1995; Hoang Thi Khfinh, 1995 ...). Nhieu nghien ciiu d nudc ngofii cho<br />
thfi'y ddng gdp kinh te' cho thu nhap cua gia dlnh cang nhilu thl quyln<br />
quye't dinh cua ngudi ddng g6p cfing Idn (Cromwell va Olson, 1975 dfin<br />
theo Pham Thi Hue, 2008). Dilu ua d VTnh Phiic ciing dua ra ke't qua<br />
tuong lu vdi nhihig nhfin dinh trfin: ty le nfim quyln quylt djnh ddi vdi tfii<br />
san b5l ddng san giiia vp vfi chdng cd mdi lifin he vdi tucmg quan ddng gop<br />
thu nhfip cho gia dinh gifla ngudi ch6ng vfi ngudi vp. Khi ngudi vp cd ddng<br />
gop cho thu nhfip gia dinh nhilu hon, ti ifi ngudi vp nfim quyln quylt dinh<br />
ddi vdi nhfi vfi dfit d cung cao hom so vdi trudng hpp gia dinh ngudi chdng<br />
cd thu nhfip nhilu hem (13.95 so vdi 3,5%). Khi vp chdng cd miic ddng<br />
gdp thu nhfip tuong duong nhau thl ti ie vp chdng cung nhau dmh doat tfii<br />
san bfi't dpng san Ifi cao nhfi't (41,0%), li le ciing dinh doat ddi vdi nhdm<br />
he phu nir cd thu nhfip cao hem Ifi 38,9% vfi giam xud'ng con 30,1% dd'i vdi<br />
nhdm hd nam gidi cd thu nhfip cao hem. Tucmg tu, ti le ngudi chdng nfim<br />
quyen quye't dinh nha/dift d thfi'p nh^t d nhdm hd phu nii co thu nhfip cao<br />
60 NghlAn cilu Ola dlnh vfi Oldl. Quytfn 22, 96 6, tr. 54-64<br />
<br />
<br />
BSng 2. Tutmg quan nfim q u y l n q u y l t dlnh ddl vdi nhfi d/dfi'( a<br />
theo cfic y l u Id<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
NgirM quylt dlnh nhfi/dfil d(%)<br />
Ch6ng Vu Hai vo ch6ng<br />
Ngujri qufin 1^ ll6n Chrtng 84.0 U 16.0<br />
cua gia dlnh Vp 54,8 8.3 36.9<br />
Hui VI; cli6ng 60.0 0 40.0<br />
Ngudi ddng g6p Gi6ng 66.4 3,5 30,1<br />
Ihu nhfip nhl^u hrni v? 47,2 13,9 38,9<br />
V17 ch6ng ngang nhiiu 54,0 5.0 41.0<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
hcfn (47.2%), trong khi d nhdm hd nam gidi cd thu nhfip cao hon ti le nay<br />
Ifi 66.4%, vfi d nhdm hd vp chdng cd Ihu nhfip luong duong Ifi 54.0%. Nhu<br />
vfiy, mfic dQ ngudi phu nfl da cd vi the' cao hem khi hp cd ddng gdp cho thu<br />
nhfip gia dlnh, nhung ngudi dfin dng vfin la nguM nfim giQ quyln quylt<br />
dinh tfii san cd gifi tri nhilu hon. Dilu nfiy cho thtfy tfic ddng cua van hoa<br />
truyin thtfng vdi quan niem cho rfing nam gidi Ifi ngudi nfim quyln quylil<br />
dinh trong gia dlnh, tdi quan he quyln lire giOa vg vfi chdng trong gia dlnh<br />
vfin cdn dai dang.<br />
<br />
Dfit dai Ifi cfil tfii sfin to nhfit rli. Vile nfiy nfin d l cho ch6ng diing tfin. Rilng em,<br />
em chfing bao gid mu6n diing tfin cfii dfiy. Rifing em Ihl th«, dfi hn tuong ch6ng<br />
hofin tofin r l l , mfi chdng cGng tin tudng minh hofin tofin rdi. vi vay cti d l chIng<br />
diing ten (NO, 41 tuli, Dal hpc, cfin 60 phu nfl).<br />
<br />
Theo em, tfii sfin nhfi ci>a, dfit dai Ifi ngodi chdng. Theo em ngudi chdng suy nghi<br />
tdt hon. chin chfin hon. Quan diim cua em v5n Ifi ngudi didng (Nam, 21 tudi, ( ^<br />
d^ng, chu qufin cafe),<br />
<br />
Khi xem .\ct ngudn tfii chinh dfi cd klioi tfii san nhfi d/dfi't a. la cd thl ly<br />
giai sau hon ly do vi sao ngudi chdng/ngudi vp cd quyln quy^t dinh ddi<br />
vdi tfii san nfiy. Kfi't qua dilu tra cho thfiy khi ngdi nhfi dang d cd dupc tilr<br />
ngudn tiln ciia chdng hofic gia dinh chdng la chinh thi c6 tdi 70% trucmg<br />
hpp nguiri chdng cd quyln quylt djnh; chi 3'7c ngudi vp dupc quylt dinh<br />
trong trudng hpp nfiy vfi ti le ca hai vp chdng cCing quye't dinh la 27,1%.<br />
Ne'u ngdi nhfi dang d cd dupc tii ngudn tiln cua vp hofic bdn vp Ifi chfnh<br />
thl chi 30.4% trudng hpp ngudi vp cd quyln quyfi't dinh; 26.1 % trudng hpp<br />
Le Thi Hong Hfii & Pham Thanh Van<br />
<br />
Bang 3. Tuong quan nfim quyln quylt djnh ddl vdi nhfi d/dfi't d<br />
theo ngudn liln cd dupc ngdi nhfi dang if<br />
<br />
<br />
Ngudi quye't djnh Ngu6n tl£n c6 duoc ngd:i nli^/cfln h^dangd'<br />
Ptiinldn Phin 1*1 V(? ch6ng<br />
b«n ch6ng bfin vg ngang nhau<br />
Chong 69.9 26.1 48,8<br />
Vo 3.0 30,4 3,6<br />
Hai vo ch6ng 27.1 43,5 47,6<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Ifi do ngudi chdng quydt dinh; li 16 hai vo chdng cOng quye't dinh tang len<br />
dfing kl so vdi trudng hpp ngudn tiln tir ben chdng (43,5%). Ngudn tiln<br />
ed dupe ngdi nhfi do hai vp ehdng ciing ddng gdp ngang nhau thi ti le<br />
ngucri chdng nfim quyln quyfi't dinh gfin tucmg duong vdi ti Ifi hai vp ehdng<br />
Cling quy^t dinh (khoang 48%). Trong trudng hpp nfiy, ngudi vp nfim<br />
quyln quylil dinh la rfiit it (3.6%). Nhu vfiy, dfl ngdi nhfi dang d la do ngudn<br />
liln ben chdng hay bfin vp hay do vp chdng cflng ddng gdp ngang nhau thi<br />
khi xet nrong quan ta nhfin thS^y ngudi chdng vfin nfim quyln quyfi't dinh<br />
nhilu hem vp. Dac biet, khi dd Ifi liln bfin chdng thi chi cd 3,0% ngucri vp<br />
dupc nfim quyln quyfi't dinh nhung nfi'u dd Ifi tiln bfin vp thi cd tdi 26.1%<br />
<br />
Bieu dd 2. Ngufri quyet dinh ddl vdi nha/dfit or<br />
theo yeu td nong thon/lhanh thi<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
D Phudng Dfing Da • Xa Dmh Trung<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Chdng Vo<br />
1Haivoch6ng<br />
tt Nghltn cijru Oil dlnh vt Gidi, Quyjn 22, • £ S, tr, 54-64<br />
<br />
<br />
ngirM chSng nSm quydn quyft dinh khOi tSi sin niy,<br />
Vdng. dang bin dill bdn nha, n£u c$n bdn U I6i cGng bdn, do 161 hA. vl cdi dSl<br />
diy chua phii Id v? ch6ng Mi mua dui^c md i6l iSy Id cOa 6ng cha b6 m; Ibi dl<br />
lai, thl bdy giei djnh do;t. Ndu con ddu ra i