Chương 10 Hợp chất tạp
chức
Phân loại
•- Hydroxy axit
•- Andehit, xeton axit
•- Amino axit
Hydroxy axit
•Phân loại: dựa trên số nhóm OH và số nhóm
COOH
-monohydroxy monocacboxylic:
axit glycolic
Axit lactic
-Tùy vào vị trí nhóm OH:
α-hydroxy axit, β-hydroxy axit, γ-hydroxy axit
COOH
H
2
C
OH
COOH
HC
OH
H3C
-Polyhydroxy monocacboxylic:
Axit gluconic
-Monohydroxy polycacboxylic
Axit malic: Axit L-malic có nhiều trong quả
táo, nho
Axit tatric: muối cảu nó có trong nước ép
nho
HOOC
H
C
OH
H
2
CCOOH
HOOC
H
C
OH
H
CCOOH
OH
HOOC
H
2
CCH
2
C
OH
COOH
COOH
HO2HC (CH2OH)4
COOH
Các phản ứng phân biệt các
monohydroxy monocacboxylic
α – hydroxy axit
β – hydroxy axit
Phản ứng đun nóng các hydroxy axit
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