REVIEW FOR THE 2nd TERM – GRADE 11 (2018-2019)
A. GRAMMAR
I. Cách s d ng đi t quan h và tr ng t quan h ử ụ ạ ừ ệ ạ ừ ệ
1. Đi t quan h : who, whom, whose, which, thatạ ừ ệ .
Who: đc dùng đ thay th cho danh t ch ng i và làm ch ng cho đng t trong m nh đ quan h ượ ể ế ừ ỉ ườ ủ ữ ộ ừ ệ ề ệ
(…… N + who + V)
The man who is standing over there is my father.
N who V
Whom: đc dùng thay th cho m t danh t ch ng i và làm tân ng cho đng t trong m nh đ quan h . ượ ế ộ ừ ỉ ườ ữ ộ ừ ệ ề ệ
(……N + whom + S + V)
The man whom you met yesterday is my brother.
N whom S V
Whose: là đi t quan h s h u, thay th cho danh t ch ng i ho c danh t ch v t (thay cho: his, her, its, ạ ừ ệ ở ữ ế ừ ỉ ườ ặ ừ ỉ ậ
their, Tom’s…)
The house whose windows are broken is mine.
N whose N V1 V2
+ Riêng danh t ch v t có th thay th b ng ừ ỉ ậ ể ế ằ the + N + of which
Example: The house the window of which are broken is mine
Which: đc dùng làm ch ng ho c tân ng thay th cho danh t ch đ v t, con v t ho c s vi c.ượ ủ ữ ặ ữ ế ừ ỉ ồ ậ ậ ặ ự ệ
Example: This is the book which I like best.
That: đc dùng thay th cho danh t ch ng i ho c ch v t, ho c ch ng g m c ng i và v t, sau ượ ế ừ ỉ ườ ặ ỉ ậ ặ ủ ữ ồ ả ườ ậ
nh ng đi t không xác đnh, ho c sau d ng so sánh nh t…ữ ạ ừ ị ặ ạ ấ
Example: - That is the bicycle that/ which belongs to Tom.
- The architect who/ that designed this building is very famous.
2. Tr ng t quan h : why, where, when.ạ ừ ệ
Why: m đu cho m t m nh đ quan h đ ch nguyên nhân, lí do.(có th thay th b ng That)ở ầ ộ ệ ề ệ ể ỉ ể ế ằ
I don’t know the reason why/ that you didn’t go to school yesterday.
Where (=on, in, at which) m đu cho m t m nh đ quan h ch đa đi m n i ch n.ở ầ ộ ệ ề ệ ỉ ị ể ơ ố
The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.
= The hotel in which we stayed wasn’t very clean.
When (=on/ in/ at which) m đu cho m nh đ quan h ch th i gian. (có th thay th b ng That)ở ầ ệ ề ệ ỉ ờ ể ế ằ
I will never forget the day when/ that I first met my husband
II. V trí c a gi i t trong m nh đ quan hị ủ ớ ừ ệ ề ệ
Trong m nh đ quan h , khi đi t quan h làm tân ng cho gi i t thì th ng đc đt 2 v trí: tr c điệ ề ệ ạ ừ ệ ữ ớ ừ ườ ượ ặ ở ị ướ ạ
t quan h ừ ệ WHOM, WHICH ho c sau đng t .ặ ộ ừ
Trong l i văn phong trang tr ng, gi i t đc đng tr c đa t quan h ố ọ ớ ừ ượ ứ ướ ị ừ ệ WHOM, WHICH
The man to whom my mother is talking is my form teacher.
Trong l i nói thân m t, gi i t th ng đng sau đng t trong m nh đ quan hố ậ ớ ừ ườ ứ ộ ừ ệ ề ệ
The man whom my mother is talking to is my form teacher.
chú ý: * không dùng gi i t v i ớ ừ ớ THAT ho c ặWHO
* V i c m đng t (phrasal verb) thì gi i t không đc dùng tr c ớ ụ ộ ừ ớ ừ ượ ướ WHOM và WHICH
* gi i t ớ ừ WITHOUT không đc dùng v trí sau đng tượ ở ị ộ ừ
The woman without whom I can’t live is Jane.
III. Các lo i m nh đ quan hạ ệ ề ệ
1. M nh đ quan h xác đnh (Defining Relative Clause):ệ ề ệ ị là m nh đ đc dùng đ xác đnh danh t đng ệ ề ượ ể ị ừ ứ
tr c nó. M nh đ quan h xác đnh là m nh đ c n thi t cho ý nghĩa c a câu, không có nó câu s không đ ướ ệ ề ệ ị ệ ề ầ ế ủ ẽ ủ
nghĩa.
The man who robbed you has been arrested.
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trong m nh đ quan h xác đnh có th b các đi t quan h làm tân ng : whom, which, that và các tr ng tệ ề ệ ị ể ỏ ạ ừ ệ ữ ạ ừ
quan h trong l i văn thân m tệ ố ậ
The book you lent me was very interesting.
Do you remember the day we met each other?
2. M nh đ quan h không xác đnh (Non – defining relative clause): là m nh đ cung c p thêmệ ề ệ ị ệ ề ấ
thông tin v m t ng i, m t v t ho c m t s vi c đã đc xác đnh. Đây là m nh đ không nh t thi t ph i ề ộ ườ ộ ậ ặ ộ ự ệ ượ ị ệ ề ấ ế ả
có trong câu, không có nó câu v n đ nghĩa. M nh đ quan h không xác đnh đc tách kh i m nh đ chínhẫ ủ ệ ề ệ ị ượ ỏ ệ ề
b i d u ph y ho c d u g ch ngang.ở ấ ẩ ặ ấ ạ
That man, who lives in the next flat, looks very lonely.
The book “Jane Eyre”, which I was reading, is really good.
Không dùng đi t quan h ạ ừ ệ THAT trong m nh đ quan h không xác đnhệ ề ệ ị
Nh ng t đng tr c m nh đ quan h th ng: Tên riêng, tính t s h u, This, That, These, Those...ữ ừ ứ ướ ệ ề ệ ườ ừ ở ữ
Không th b các đi t quan h làm tân ng ể ỏ ạ ừ ệ ữ WHOM, WHICH và các tr ng t ạ ừ WHERE, WHEN, WHY
trong m nh đ quan h không xác đnhệ ề ệ ị
Trong m nh đ quan h không xác đnh ệ ề ệ ị WHICH có th đc dùng đ thay th cho c m nh đ đng tr c ể ượ ể ế ả ệ ề ứ ướ
nó
Trong m nh đ quan h không xác đnh, các c m t ch s l ng: all of/ most of/ neither of/ many of… có ệ ề ệ ị ụ ừ ỉ ố ượ
th đc dùng v i ể ượ ớ WHOM, WHICH và WHOSE
Mary has three brothers, all of whom are married.
IV. D ng rút g n c a m nh đ quan h : ạ ọ ủ ệ ề ệ
1. C m phân tụ ừ
a) Hi n t i phân t (V_ing ): ệ ạ ừ đc dùng khi đng t trong m nh đ quan h chia các thì hi n t i đn, hi n ượ ộ ừ ệ ề ệ ở ệ ạ ơ ệ
t i ti p di n, quá kh đn, quá kh ti p di n, ho c khi đng t trong m nh đ quan h di n t mong mu n,ạ ế ễ ứ ơ ứ ế ễ ặ ộ ừ ệ ề ệ ễ ả ố
hi v ng, mong đi..ọ ợ
That man, who is sitting next to Mary, is my uncle.
That man, sitting next to Mary, is my uncle
b) Quá kh phân t (VPP): ứ ừ quá kh phân t đc dùng khi đng t trong m nh đ quan h d ng b đng.ứ ừ ựơ ộ ừ ệ ề ệ ở ạ ị ộ
The boy who was injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
The boy injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
2. Đng t nguyên m u (To infinitive): ộ ừ ẫ đc dùng sau The first, the second,…, the last, the only, đng t ượ ộ ừ
khuy t thi u, ho c sau c p so sánh cao nh t.ế ế ặ ấ ấ
The captain was the last person who left the ship.
The captain was the last person to leave the ship.
Here is a form that you must fill in.
Here is a form for you to fill in.
* khi đi t quan h ạ ừ ệ who(m), which, that đng làm tân ng ho c b ng thì ta có th l c b đi t quan hứ ữ ặ ổ ữ ể ựơ ỏ ạ ừ ệ
The man who(m) you met yesterday is my friend.
The man you met yesterday is my friend.
V. Câu nh n m nh (Cleft sentences)ấ ạ
1. Câu nh n m nh ch ng (subject focus) ấ ạ ủ ữ
It is/ was + S + that/ who + V…: Chính ai đó làm gì….
The boy visited his uncle last month.
It was the boy that/ who visited his uncle last month
2. Câu nh n m nh tân ng (Object focus)ấ ạ ữ
It is/ was + O + That/ Who + S + V
The boy is learning English.
It is English that the boy is learning
3. Câu nh n m nh tr ng t (Adverbial focus)ấ ạ ạ ừ
It is/ was + Adv. of place/ time + that + S + V + (O)
She bought him a present at the shop
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It was at the shop that she bought him a present
4. Câu nh n m nh b đngấ ạ ị ộ
It is/ was + O + that + is/ are/ was/ were + Vpp
People talked a lot about his house.
It was his house that was talked a lot about
VI. Liên t c p đôi (Conjunctions)ừ ặ
Both …and: v a…v a, c …vàừ ừ ả
Not only…but also: không nh ng…mà cònữ
Either…or: ho c cái này, ho c cái kiaặ ặ
Neither… nor: không cái này cũng không cái kia
Both + N + and + N + V (plural): Both Mary and Tom are students.
S + V + both + N + and + N: She plays both tennis and badminton
S + both + V + and + V: He both sings and dances.
S + be + both + adj + and + adj: She is both beautiful and intelligent.
S + V + both + Adv. phrase + and + Adv. phrase: We go to school both in the morning and in the afternoon
Cách dùng Not only…but also, either …or, neither…nor t ng t nh both and tuy nhiên trong các c u trúcươ ự ư ấ
này đng t chia phù h p v i ch ng th 2 (đng g n đng t nh t), ộ ừ ợ ớ ủ ữ ứ ứ ầ ộ ừ ấ còn Both …and đng t luôn ộ ừ
chia d ng s nhi uở ạ ố ề
----Either you or he is right
----Either he or you are wrong
----Either they or I am right
----Neither he nor I am sad
----Neither she nor you are happy
VII. CAN, COULD và BE ABLE TO
1. Could
a. Đôi khi "could" là d ng quá kh c aạ ứ ủ "can". Chúng ta dùng "could" đc bi t v i:ặ ệ ớ
see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand
Eg:
- When we went into the house,we could smell burning.
- She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what she said.
b. Chúng ta dùng could đ di n t ai đó nói chung có kh năng hay đc phép làm đi u gì:ể ễ ả ả ượ ề
- My grandfather could speak five languages.
- We were completely free. We could do what we wanted. (= we were allowed to do…)
c. Chúng ta dùng could đ ch kh năng nói chung (general ability).ể ỉ ả
d. D ng ph đnhạ ủ ị couldn't (could not) có th đc dùng cho t t c các tr ng h p:ể ượ ấ ả ườ ợ
- My grandfather couldn'tswim.
- We tried hard but wecouldn't persuade them to come with us.
- Alf played well but hecouldn't beat Jack.
2. To be able to
a. Dùng đ ch kh năng làm đc m t vi c gì đó, đôi khi có th s d ng thay th cho "can", nh ng không thông ể ỉ ả ượ ộ ệ ể ử ụ ế ư
d ng b ng "Can"ụ ằ
Eg:I'm able to read = I can read
b. Dùng đ đ c p t i m t s vi c x y ra trong m t tình hu ng đc bi t (particular situation), chúng ta ể ề ậ ớ ộ ự ệ ả ộ ố ặ ệ
dùng was/were able to… (không dùng could):
- The fire spread throughthe building quickly but everybody was able to escape or … everybody managed toescape (but
not 'could escape').
- They didn't want tocome with us at first but we managed to persuade them or … we were able topersuade them (but
not 'could persuade').
M t vài ví d :ộ ụ
- Jack was an excellent tennisplayer. He could beat anybody. (= He had the general ability to beat anybody)
Jack là m t v n đng viênqu n v t c khôi. Anh y có th đánh b i b t c ai. (= anh y có m t kh năngnói chungộ ậ ộ ầ ợ ừ ấ ể ạ ấ ứ ấ ộ ả
là đánh b i b t c ai)ạ ấ ứ
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nh ngư
- Jack and Alf had a gameof tennis yesterday. Alf played very well but in the end Jack managed to beathim or… was
able to beat him (= he managed to beat him in this particular game)
Jack và Alf đã thi đuqu n v t v i nhau ngày hôm qua. Alf đã ch i r t hay nh ng cu i cùng Jack đã cóth h đcấ ầ ợ ớ ơ ấ ư ố ể ạ ượ
Alf. (= Jack đã th ng đc anh y trong tr n đu đc bi t này).ắ ượ ấ ậ ấ ặ ệ
B. EXERCISES
. PHONETICS
I. Circle the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other words.
1. A. supply B. dirty C. energy D. happy
2. A. decreased B. influenced C. endangered D. established
3. A. heat B. nuclear C. feat D. clean
4. A. power B. slow C. snow D. show
5. A. plenty B. energy C. only D. hydropower
6. A. rugby B. nearby C. cycling D. apply
7. A. strength B. event C. athlete D. wrestling
8. A. admired B. looked C. missed D. hoped
9. A. admire B. avid C. variety D. while
10. A. engrave B. pastime C. undertake D. spectator
11. A. seats B. meets C. sits D. feats
12. A. rugby B. music C. undertaken D. dull
II. Choose the word that has stress pattern different from that of the other words.
1. A. nature B. danger C. human D. environment
2. A. exist B. species C. effect D. condition
3. A. forest B. water C. destroy D. industry
4. A. potential B. exhausted C. pollution D. infinite
5. A. official B. cycling C. become D. aquatic
6. A. advance B. gymnasium C. solidarity D. variety
7. A. nation B. gather C. facilities D. stadium
8. A. envelope B. album C. usually D. accompany
9. A. admire B. regular C. mountain D. corner
10. A. hobby B. oversea C. collect D. myself
11. A. ability B. activity C. sophisticate D. entertainment
12. A. pastime B. enormous C. activity D. important
VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR :
A. GRAMMAR
I. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences:
1. The girl _______ photo was in the local paper lives near my house
A. which B. whose C. whom D. whoever
2. No salt is needed,___?
A. is it B. isn’t it C. did it D. didn’t it
3. The fans ________ crowded the stadium roared their approval
A. who B. which C. whose D. what
4.Do you think you ___ write that report by Tuesday? I know you're very busy.
A. will be able to B. couldn't C. have been able to D. could have
5. The woman ______________ I was looking smiled.
A. at whose B. for whom C. at whom D. at which
6. The flat _____________ he lived was dirty.
A. in which B. in what C. to which D. to whom
7. You used to live on the farm during your childhood, ?
A. weren’t you B. didn’t you C. don’t you D. aren’t you
8. The house _________ 40 years ago is still in good condition.
A. which built B. to build C. built D. building
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9. Armstrong was the first astronaut _________ onto the moon
A. to step B. stepping C. stepped D. steps
10.The car _________ toward us looks modern.
A. comes B. coming C. came D. to come
11. The bank manager was the second person _________ by the robbers
A. to be killed B. who killed C. killing D. kills
12. ___________ takes me to the circus.
A. It is Peter that B. was that Peter C. was it Peter that D. It was Peter that
13. __________ that Columbus sailed to America.
A. In 1492 B. It was in 1492 C. That was in 1492 D. It is in 1492
14. Cua Lo town ________ thousands of tourists every summer
A. is attracted by B. attracts
C. are attracting D. is being attracted by
15. It was the accident_________________.
A. that talked about B. that was talking about
C. that was talked about D. which was talked about
16.
________ that the thieves got in through the kitchen window.
A. It is said B. It says C. People are said D. He is said
17.
Many people are said ___________ after the floods.
A. being homeless B. be homeless C. to be homeless D. are homeless
18. The boy ________ in the accident was __________ to hospital.
A. injuring-taking B. injuring-taken C. injured-taking D. injured-taken
II. SYNOMYM
19. The human race is only one small species of being in the living world.
A. shape B. kind C. pair D. group
20. This energy is useful because it can create electricity.
A. produce B. do C. design D. shape
21. Norman won the first prize in the cookery competition.
A. contest B. occasion C. course D. organization
22. He is good at accompanying people’s singing by his guitar and I admire him very much.
A. expect B. respect C. like D. welcome
23. I just collect stamps from discarded envelopes.
A. thrown away B. given up C. got away D. done up
24. The astronauts were able to send the information back to the earth.
A. spaceships B. space stations C. space man D. space shots
25. Yuri Gagarin lifted off into space aboard the Vostok 1
A. attracted B. occurred C. reacted D. launched
26. The Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the famous man-made wonders of the world.
A. artificial B. natural C. modern D. Enternal
27. The thieves broke into the tomb to steal the treasures.
A. mummies B. bodies C. materials D. valuable objects
III.PREPOSITION:
28. I specially indulge __________ some hobbies
A. at B. of C. from D. in
29. Yuri Gagarin became the first man to travel into space ____ April 12th, 1961.
A. at B. on C. in D. from
30. Everybody congratulated the astronauts ____ their successful trip into space.
A. on B. for C. of D. in
31. We do not have plenty _______ energy as we think.
A. of B. on C. over D. with
32. The solar energy can change _______electricity.
A. to B. for C. with D. into
33. The purpose ______ the research was to find out more information about the pyramid.
A. of B. for C. in D. from
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