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Basic components of digital computers Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems Applications and Common Microcontrollers...

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Embedded Microcontroller Systems Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded
Overview • Basic components of digital computers • Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems • Applications and Common Microcontrollers • The MCS-51 Family of Microcontrollers • On-chip memory, registers • On-chip facilities overview Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded
Basic Components of Digital Computer • CPU • Memory Memory • I/O CPU I/O Could be a chip, a board, or several boards Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded
Microcontrollers Memory ROM RAM CPU I/O Subsystems: Timers, Counters, Analog Interfaces, I/O interfaces A single chip Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded
Embedded Systems Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded
Real Time Control Must be able to respond predictably and in a known amount of time Environment cannot wait for microcontroller to respond. Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded
Embedded System General Block Diagram Sensor conditioning Output interfaces sensor actuator Microcontroller sensor (uC) indicator sensor Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded
Common Microcontrollers •Atmel •Motorola •ARM •8-bit •Intel •68HC05 •8-bit •68HC08 •8XC42 •68HC11 •MCS48 •16-bit •MCS51 •68HC12 •8xC251 •68HC16 •16-bit •32-bit •MCS96 •683xx •MXS296 •Texas Instruments •National Semiconductor •TMS370 •COP8 •MSP430 •Microchip •Zilog •12-bit instruction PIC •Z8 •14-bit instruction PIC •Z86E02 •PIC16F84 •16-bit instruction PIC •NEC Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded
Microcontroller Architectures Memory 0 Address Bus Program + Von Neumann Data CPU Data Bus Architecture 2n Memory 0 Address Bus Program Harvard Fetch Bus CPU Architecture Address Bus 0 Data Data Bus Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded
MCS-51 “Family” of Microcontollers • 8051 introduced by Intel in late 1970s • Now produced by many companies in many variations • The most pupular microcontroller – about 40% of market share • 8-bit microcontroller Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded
“Original” 8051 Microcontroller 4096 Bytes 128 Bytes Two 16 Bit Oscillator Program Data Timer/Event and timing Memory Memory Counters Internal data bus 8051 CPU Programmable Programmable 64 K Byte Bus I/O Serial Port Full Expansion Duplex UART Control Synchronous Shifter subsystem interrupts External interrupts Parallel ports Control Serial Output Address Data Bus Serial Input I/O pins Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded
Review Binary/Hexidecimal Decimal Binary Hexidecimal Conversions: 0 0000 0 1 0001 1 2 0010 2 1000 1110 (binary) 3 0011 3 8 E (hex) 4 0100 4 5 0101 5 6 0110 6 Notations for hex: 7 0111 7 8 1000 8 9 1001 9 0x8E 10 1010 A 11 1011 B 8Eh 12 1100 C 13 1101 D 14 1110 E 8E16 15 1111 F Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded
On-Chip DATA Memory: RAM Internal RAM Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded
Registers 1F Four Register Banks Each bank has R0-R7 Bank 3 18 17 Bank 2 10 0F Bank 1 08 07 R7 06 R6 05 R5 04 R4 Bank 0 03 R3 02 R2 01 R1 00 R0 Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded
Bit Addressable Memory 20h – 2Fh (16 locations X 7F 78 2F 8-bits = 128 bits) 2E 2D Bit addressing: 2C 2B mov C, 1Ah 2A or 29 mov C, 23h.2 28 27 26 25 24 23 1A 22 10 21 0F 08 20 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded
Special Function Registers DATA registers CONTROL registers •Timers •Serial ports Addresses 80h – FFh •Interrupt system •Analog to Digital converter Direct Addressing used to •Digital to Analog converter access SPRs •Etc. Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded
On-Chip Memory: Program/Data Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded
8051 CPU Registers A (Accumulator) B PSW (Program Status Word) SP (Stack Pointer) PC (Program Counter) DPTR (Data Pointer) Used in assembler instructions Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded
On-Chip Facilities Overview (Original 8051) • Parallel Input/Output Ports • System Clock Generator • Serial Port • Timers • Interrupt Control Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded
Parallel I/O Ports • Each port can be input or output • Direction is set in Special Function Registers Port0 Port1 Port2 Port3 latch latch latch latch Port0 Port1 Port2 Port3 Prof. Cherrice Traver ECE/CS-352: Embedded