NGHIEN cuu-TRAO c d<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
NGHIEN cufu XAY DUNG BO THONG SO<br />
TOI tfU DIEU KHIEN L P G<br />
TREN DONG CO DIESEL<br />
(*) NGUYEN THE T R U<br />
LE ANH TUAN<br />
<br />
<br />
T6M TAT<br />
Nghien cufu Cfng dung nhien lieu LPG tren ddng cp diesel d Viet Nam da va dang dupc cac nha khoa hpc<br />
quan tam vdi muc dich da dang hda nguon nhien lieu, tang tinh kinh te va giam phat thai doc hai ciia dpng co.<br />
Tuy nhien, de ting dung LPG cd hieu qua cao thi phai xac djnh diipc ty le LPG phu hop vdi ti^ng che dp lam viec<br />
cua ddng co. Bai bao nay trinh bay ket qua nghien cufu phat trien he thong dieu khien phun LPG tren diidng<br />
nap cua dpng co diesel sCf dung he thdng nhien lieu CommoRail. Thdng qua cac phan mem ket noi bp dieu<br />
khien ELC (Electronic LPG Control) vdi may tfnh, cho phep tinh toan xay dUng bp thdng sd toi Uu dieu khien<br />
phun LPG theo tdc dp va tai trpng, tii dd xac djnh dupc ty le LPG d cac che dp lam viec ciia ddng co. Bai bao<br />
cijng trinh bay mot so ket qua nghien cufu thUc nghiem danh gia anh hudng cua viec sU dung ludng nhien lieu<br />
diesel/LPG den tinh nang va phat thai cua ddng co.<br />
<br />
<br />
ABSTRACT<br />
Study of application LPG fuel on diesel engine in Vietnam have been interested by scientists aiming to<br />
diversify fuel sources, increasing economic performance and reducing exhaust gas emissions of the engine.<br />
However, in order to use LPG with highly effective it is necessary to determine the percentage of LPG supplied<br />
in accordance to each working modes of the engine. This paper presents results of LPG control system<br />
development for a single cylinder CommonRail diesel engine. Through software that connect ELC (Electronic<br />
LPG Control) to the computer, it is possible to calculate and build the optimal control parameters according<br />
to speed and load of the engine, i.e. it is allowed to determine the optimized rate of LPG at each operating<br />
mode of the engine. The paper also shows some experimental results of effects of using LPG/diesel dual fuel<br />
on engine performance and exhaust emissions.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
1. GIOI THIEU "1^ cdn gdp phan dang ke vao viec giai quyet van de d<br />
nhiem mdi tmrdng do dpng co dot trong gay ra. Khi hda<br />
6 cac nude tren the gidi ciing nhu d Viet Nam, cac long (Liquefied Petroleum Gas - LPG) la loai nhien lieu<br />
chuong trinh phat trien nhien lieu LPG tren cac phuong cd nhieu tiem nang da dupc ap dung tren nhieu dpng co<br />
tien van tai ngoai viec da dang hoa nguon nhien lieu, xang d mot so nude nhu Australia, Tho Nhi Ky, Nhat<br />
giam su phu thudc vao nguon dau md dang dan can kiet g ^ Han Quoc... [8,9,10] cQng nhu d Viet Nam. LPG la<br />
hdn hpp cac hydrocarbon nhe, chii yeu la propan (C^H^)<br />
va butan (C^Hj^) dupc lay tu thien nhien d cac md dau.<br />
X i , A^<br />
(*) Truong Dai hpc Bach khoa. Ha Noi md Idii. LPG ciing cd the dupc san xuat d cac nha may<br />
<br />
*** So 7-Thang 7 nam 2011<br />
NGHIEN cuu-TRAO DOI<br />
<br />
Ipc dau trong qua trinh chung cat dau tho. Trong thdi luu lupng, cam bien chan ga, cam bien ap suat,... duac<br />
gian gan day LPG da bat dau dupc nghien ciiu va ling dua ve bp dieu khien ELC. Tin hieu tu ELC dieu khien<br />
dung tren ddng co diesel do lupng dpng co diesel dupc vdi phun LPG va van dien tu dat trade bp hda hoi. Qua<br />
sii dung ngay cang nhieu trong qua trinh phat trien kinh trinh xay dung bp thdng so dieu khien dupc thuc hien<br />
te va xa hdi. Qua trinh phim nhien lieu LPG vao dudng thdng qua giao dien ket noi may tinh vdi ELC.<br />
nap ddng co diesel cd the tien hanh theo hai phuong<br />
an dd la dinh lupng b ^ g giclo va dinh lupng b5ng vdi<br />
phim dien tu. Phuong an dinh lupng bang giclo da dupc<br />
nghien ciiu tren ddng co xe buyt D1146TI vdi su phdi<br />
hpp giiia Vien Dau khi Viet Nam va Phdng thi nghiem<br />
Dpng CO ddt trong - Dai hpc Bach khoa Ha npi [5], thiet<br />
bi cimg cap LPG dupc mua tir hang Eco-gas - Australia,<br />
lupng nhien lieu LPG cung cap vao ddng co dupc thay<br />
doi nhd viec thay ddi tiet dien giclo, tu dd, lua chpn Hinh 1: So d6 cung cap va dieu khien lugrng nhien heu LPG<br />
giclo phii hpp doi vdi ddng co. Vdi phuong an tren thi<br />
2.2. Thiit kimach diiu khien phun nhien lieu LPG<br />
ty le LPG d cac che dp lam viec cua ddng co gan nhu<br />
(ELC)<br />
khdng doi, do dd, khdng dem lai hieu qua cao cho ddng<br />
CO, dong thdi, thiet bi ciing cd gia thanh tuong doi cao. Bp dieu khien ELC (Hinh 2) bao gom: Khoi macli<br />
Vdi phuong an dinh lupng LPG bang vdi phun dien tir, nguon, khoi ghi nhan tin hieu tu cam bien, khoi vi xu<br />
cho phep xay dimg bp thdng so toi im dieu khien lupng ly, khoi dieu Idiien co cau chap hanh va khoi ket noi<br />
LPG phun vao dudng nap ciia ddng co, tir dd, danh gia vdi may tinh.<br />
anh hudng va xac dinh dupc ty le LPG toi uu theo cac<br />
che dp lam viec ciia ddng co. Bai bao nay trinh bay mot<br />
so ket qua nghien ciiu xay dung bp thdng so tdi uu dieu<br />
khien LPG tren ddng co nghien ciiu AVL 5402 sii dung<br />
he thong nhien lieu CommonRail tai Phdng thi nghiem<br />
Ddng CO dot trong, tmdng Dai hpc Bach Idioa Ha Npi.<br />
<br />
2. THIET KE HE THONG CUNG CAP<br />
NHIEN LIEU LPG<br />
2.1. Sa do thiet ke lap dat he thong cung cap LPG<br />
<br />
He thong cung cap va dieu khien lupng nhien lieu<br />
LPG tren dpng co AVL 5402 dupc the hien trong hinh Hinh 2: Bp ELC dieu khien he thong LPG<br />
1. Nhien lieu LPG dupc tich trong binh nhien lieu thdng > Khoi nguon (Hinh 3) cd nhiem vu tao ra dien<br />
thudng va ban d ngoai thi trudng. Tren binh sti dung ap 5V cho ELC, IC on ap LM7805 cd tac dung chuyen<br />
van ddng md LPG dang co khi vdi co cau van xoay, viec doi dien ap 12V thanh dien ap 5V. Trong mach nguon<br />
dieu chinh ap suat LPG trong qua trinh thi nghiem dupc cdn bd tri cac tu va dien trd de san phSng nhung dao<br />
thuc hien bang van giam ap dang co Idii. LPG dupc hda ddng dien ap nhd va cac diot bao ve mach.<br />
hoi hoan toan qua bp chuyen ddi hda hoi trade khi vao<br />
ddng CO, ddng thdi, tren bp hda hoi cd the dieu chinh<br />
vcc<br />
dupc ap suat LPG. Tren dudng cimg cap LPG cho ddng 390R<br />
* *<br />
I» ^<br />
LED5V<br />
^<br />
<br />
<br />
CO dupc bo tri cac cam bien do nhiet dp, ap suat va JSV NCUN5V<br />
<br />
<br />
luu lupng LPG. De qua trinh do luu lupng LPG dupc o - ^ IN OUT i ^ • V<br />
>ajCN12V a<br />
chinh xac, tren dudng dng nhien lieu LPG cd lip them CO -tJOuF ^ CM aiuF<br />
<br />
binh dn ap phia sau cam bien do luu lupng. LPG dupc • ao<br />
phun vao dudng nap ciia dpng co qua vdi phun. Cac tin<br />
hieu tir cam bien tdc dp, cam bien nhiet dp, cam bien Hinh 3: So do nguyen ly tao ngu6n 5V<br />
<br />
<br />
TAP CHI c a KHi VIET NAM V So 7-Thang 7 nam2011<br />
NGHIEN cuu-TRAODOI<br />
<br />
'r- Khdi ghi nhan tm hieu cam bien bao gom: > Khdi \ 1 xir ly tren hinh 7 bao gdm: 1 \ i xu ly<br />
Tin hieu cam bien tdc dp, luu lupng, ap suat, nhiet dp loai Atmega32 cua hang Atmel, mach tao xung nhjp<br />
LPG,...Trong hinh 4, the hien nguyen ly mach xu ly dao ddng thach anh ben ngoai va mach reset \ i xu i><br />
tin hieu tdc do. Tin hieu tir cam bien dupc dua vao IC khi bat dau lam viec. Vi xir ly cho phep lap trinh cac<br />
LM358 de tao ra xung vudng trade khi vao vi xu ly. thuat toan nhan tin hieu tii cam bien va tinh toan dua ra<br />
tin hieu dieu khien co cau chap hanh phii hpp vdi che<br />
do lam viec cua ddng co.<br />
rOVCC<br />
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• PB(i(\CKTOr PAOtADCUl<br />
GND'||H- ^WiU -TS--<br />
-n^<br />
PBinil<br />
Pfl2 (AlNftlNT2)<br />
PAI (AIXI)<br />
PAJ(MX:i<br />
R25 3.3K -;i> FB3(AI_NI'OC0j PA3 (ADC3|<br />
-J^' PB4(SS) PA4(ADC41<br />
V\N -^- PBS(MOSI) PAJ (ADC51<br />
-T- PB6(M1S0) PAbfAIXbl<br />
C20_ -^- Pb7(bCXI<br />
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PtOlbCL)<br />
CB NE-" Ptl (iDAI<br />
PC2(TCKI<br />
PLii I.Stel<br />
PC4aDOl<br />
IVi.TDI)<br />
pcftduscii<br />
Hinh 4.: Mach xii ly tin hieu toe dp PC7(TOSC2l<br />
<br />
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l^^^eT<br />
Tin hieu cam bien luu lupng, ap suat va nhiet dp,...<br />
giri ve vi xii ly thdng qua mach chuyen doi (Hinh 5) de<br />
xac dinh gia tri dien ap tuong ling theo dac tinh cam<br />
Hinh 7: Sa do khoi vi dieu khien<br />
bien. Dong thdi, trong qua trinh lam viec, cd the lua<br />
chpn che dp don nhien lieu hay ludng nhien lieu thdng<br />
qua cdng tic ON/OFF LPG. 23, Xay dung giao dien dieu khien he thong nhien<br />
lieu LPG<br />
<br />
LL_LPG CB.ASual LPG<br />
BS<br />
-^ D I I* I B I T H I * ! Xi***)BO MON DONG CO DOT TRONG - VI$N CO KHI DONG LL/C<br />
_1E2 _l£4 lltfTHTgCB»«, ''"~° K<br />
CHiDOKHdNGTAl a r t DO c 6 TAI<br />
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KH6NGTAI-C6TAI<br />
KHONOTAI ^ C 6 T A I - KHONGTAI<br />
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MCTC DO "raAY Ddi VI TRi CHAN T|riiun = f(cEMi)_ga, n) + Lutmg<br />
GA > Mtrc XAC DINH TANG T 6 C nhtte l i ^ tfing tdc<br />
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CH6BOC6TAI<br />
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MOt DO THAY D61 VI TRl CHAN<br />
DONG<br />
i_^ Tphun = f(cbfin_ga, n) - hi^ng<br />
GA < Mtrc XAC Dpffl GIAM T 6 C "^ nhicD lifu giain tdc<br />
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CHtDOCHUYtNTliP<br />
CdTAI-KHdNGTAl<br />
3E<br />
T phun - fl[vj_tri_clian_ga, n)<br />
LirONG NH|£N LI$U LPG Hl£U<br />
CHbJH THEO >fHieT DO VA AP<br />
SUATLPG<br />
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n>3100(v6ng/ph(it) CATNHISNLISU<br />
Hinh 9: So do thuat toan dieu khien chung he thong phun LPG ^<br />
<br />
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