Phdt trig'ndu lich sinh th^l...<br />
Thiic t l trong nhQng ndm vQa qua, boat<br />
dgng du lich sinh thai d nhieu dia phUdng<br />
trong vung du lich rat khdi sac. So' lUdng cac<br />
du dn d i u tU vao DLST cung nhU so lUdng<br />
khach tham gia DLST tai nhilu dicm tai<br />
nguyen tang nhanh. Tuy nhirn, brn canh<br />
nhQng mat dat dQdc, vice phat trien boat<br />
dgng DLST theo danh gia van chQa tQdng<br />
xQng vdi tiern nang cua vung va chUa mang<br />
day du nhQng dac trQng vdn cd cua nd. Vice<br />
to' chQc boat dgng DLST d h i u bet car diem<br />
tai nguyen chi mdi dQng lai d viec khai thac<br />
phuc vu du lich tii nhien, du lich "dai chung"<br />
(mass tourism), do dd da b i t d i u bgc lg<br />
nhQng ylu kdm, gay t i e dgng xau den mdi<br />
trudng, canh quan. Vi vdy, viec tim ra cac<br />
giai phap phat trien DLST d VDLBTB mgt<br />
each toan dien \k h i t sQc can thilt. Da cd mgt<br />
so' cdng trinh nghien cQu lien quan nhQ ciia<br />
Hiep hgi Du lich ThQa Thien H u l (2006);<br />
Nguyen Tdi Phuc (2010); P h a m Trung LUdng<br />
(2008); Bui Thi T i m (2009); Nguyen Quylt<br />
T h i n g va Le HQu anh (2011); Nguyen Quylt<br />
T h i n g (2011). Tuy nhien, cac cdng trinh<br />
nghien cQu tren chu y l u danh gid nhu c i u<br />
cua du khach hay thiic trang p h i t trien cua<br />
mgt loai hinh, san pham DLST tai mgt diem<br />
tai nguyen hoac mgt khu vQc, dia phQdng<br />
trong VDLBTB. Ngay ca nghien cQu ciia<br />
Hiep hgi Du lich ThQa Thien H u l (2006) vk<br />
cua Nguyen Quylt T h i n g (2011) cung chi<br />
dQng d viec danh gid sd lUdc v l thiic trang<br />
khai thac tai nguyen va phat trien lUdng<br />
khach DLST ciia VDLBTB de dUa ra mgt so<br />
giai phap sd khdi. Chinh vi vay, trong nghien<br />
cQu nay chung tdi cd' g i n g danh gia mgt so'<br />
thuc trang chu y l u vk dxia ra he thd'ng giai<br />
phap phat trien DLST tai VDLBTB.<br />
PhUdng phap nghien cQu dUdc sii dung<br />
chu y l u la phUdng phap thd'ng ke dUde sii<br />
dung trong viec chgn dia diem nghien cQu,<br />
chgn m i u dilu tra, liia chgn tieu chi phan<br />
<br />
48<br />
<br />
tich. Ngudn so' lieu duge dung trong nghien<br />
cQu ndy ngoai so lieu thQ c i p la nhQng thong<br />
tin tQ cac ban, nganh, higp hgi du lich va so<br />
lilu bao cao ciia nhieu diem tai nguyen tai<br />
VDLBTB. Nghien cQu cdn sii dung nguon so<br />
lieu sd cap thdng qua k i t qua dilu tra du<br />
khach nam 2010. Chung tdi da t i l n hanh<br />
dilu tra quy md ldn tai 12 diem tdi nguyen co<br />
hoat dgng DLST phat trien gdm: khu viic<br />
Phong Nha - Ke Bdng, Bach Ma Lang Co,<br />
cac khu viic bien va mgt so' diem tai nguyen<br />
khac trong vung. So' phieu dUdc tinh theo<br />
cdng thQc:<br />
<br />
~ NxA^x<br />
<br />
+ s^xZ^<br />
<br />
(Trong dd: N: LQdng khach dQ kiln thdi<br />
diem dilu tra; do tin cay = 95%; Ax trong<br />
pham vi cho phep = 5%; Do lech chuan lay<br />
theo phUdng sai cdc cugc dieu tra v l du lich ci<br />
nUdc ta). So' lUdng m i u dUdc d i l u tra thUc t l<br />
la 1600 mau, sau khi loai di nhQng mdu hong<br />
cdn lai Id 1216 mau (ldn hdn m i u tfnh theo<br />
cdng thQc tren Id 542 m i u ) , trong dd cd 468<br />
mau khach qud'c t l (Nguyen Quylt Thing,<br />
2011).<br />
1. ThQc t r a n g p h a t t r i e n d u lich sinh<br />
t h a i t a i vving d u l i c h B a c T r u n g Bo<br />
1.1. Ve cong<br />
sinh<br />
thdi<br />
<br />
tdc<br />
<br />
quy<br />
<br />
hoqch<br />
<br />
du<br />
<br />
lich<br />
<br />
Do v i n di n h a n thQc va t i l p can vdi DLST<br />
mdi chl "khdi sic" trong mgt vdi nam gan<br />
day, nen viec quy hoaeh DLST tong the cho<br />
tQng dia phQdng hoac cap vung mdi chi hinh<br />
thdnh tren y tQdng. Cdng t i c quy hoach<br />
DLST hien nay mdi ehi trien khai eho tQng<br />
diem tai nguyen va cac dQ an phat tnen<br />
DLST. Theo tfnh toan cua chung tdi, tii<br />
thang 3-2008 d i n t h i n g 4-2011 cd 41 quy<br />
hoach ede diem tdi nguyen va dii an DLST,<br />
trong dd tdp t r u n g chii y l u tai mdt so' dia<br />
phudng n h u ThQa Thien<br />
Hue (12 quy<br />
hoaeh); Dd N i n g (11 quy hoach); Quang Binh<br />
<br />
Nghidn citu Kinh td's6405 - Thang 2/2012<br />
<br />
Phdt trien du Ijch sinh thdi...<br />
(6 quy hoach) v.v... Diln hinh la mdt so quy<br />
din ldn, thudn tien cho viec khai thac. Viec<br />
hoach nhQ: Quy hoaeh chung. Khu du lich<br />
quy hoach hi phan tan nen chUa tao dilu<br />
thung lung Phong Nha; Quy hoach chi tilt<br />
kien eho viec thuc day cac diem tai nguyen<br />
diem du lich sinh thai sud'i nude Mogc (Quang<br />
khac phat trien. Trong quy hoach cac dii an<br />
Binh); Quy hoach eac dii dn DLST Cda Tung<br />
phat trien DLST chii ylu Id quy hoach cac<br />
Ciia Viet; Quy hoach chi tiet Khu du lich sinh<br />
khu du lich (resort), viec quy hoach cdc<br />
thai Rao Quan (Quang Tri);Quy hoach khu du<br />
tuyen, chQdng trinh (tour) du lich hiu nhQ<br />
lich sinh thai bien Lang Cd (Everiand Resort<br />
vin cdn bd ngd, chQa dQdc quan tam dung<br />
); Quy hoach khu du lich sinh thdi bf an Hanh<br />
mQc, do dd ldm giam hieu qua khai thic cua<br />
Hudng (Ldc Binh); Quy hoach Khu DLST<br />
boat dgng du lich ndy.<br />
Vudn H u l (TT.Hue); Quy hoach chi tilt khu<br />
1.2. Ve tinh hinh khai thdc khdch du<br />
du lich Ba Na Sud'i Md; Quy hoach chi tilt<br />
lich sinh thdi<br />
khu DLST ban dao Sdn Tra (Da Ning); Quy<br />
hoach khu DLST thugc xa Cim Thanh; Quy<br />
Sd lUdng khdch du lich sinh thdi: so'<br />
hoach khu du lich bien Cu lao Cham (Quang lUdng khach DLST mac du cd tang nhanh<br />
Nam); Quy hoach chi tilt khu du lich bien My<br />
trong nhQng nam gin ddy nhUng mdi chi<br />
Khe (Quang Ngai) v.v...<br />
chilm khoang 1/4 so vdi td'ng so' khach du<br />
Tuy nhien, do chUa cd quy hoach td'ng the lich din VDLBTB (hinh 1). So' lugng khdch<br />
cua vung vk ciia tQng dia phQdng, nen viec du lich sinh thai qud'c t l vin tang cham so<br />
quy hoach tQng diem tdi nguyen vin cdn vdi tilm nang cua vung, lUdng khach qud'c t l<br />
nhieu b i t cdp, chQa khai thac mdt each rd tham gia du lich sinh thai mdi dat 34% so vdi<br />
net ldi the so sanh eua tQng diem tdi nguyen. td'ng so' khach du lich sinh thdi din vung.<br />
Cac quy hoach mdi chi tap trung phin ldn Dilu nay da phan anh hieu qua khai thac<br />
vdo cac diem tai nguyen cd ldi t h i vk sQc hap khach qud'c t l tham gia du lich sinh thai.<br />
HINH 1: So iQgfng khach DLST den VDLBTB giai doan 2005 - 2010<br />
DVT: 1000 lUdt khdch<br />
10766.95<br />
<br />
"357<br />
2005<br />
<br />
735,7<br />
2008<br />
<br />
I T6ng s6 khdch du lich<br />
<br />
2009<br />
<br />
T6ng s6 khdch DLST<br />
<br />
2010<br />
•Khdch DLST qu6c t^<br />
<br />
Nguon: So^lieu ciia cac dia phUdng va tong hdp cua tac gia.<br />
Cd cdu khdch du lich sinh thdi: vl cd cau<br />
khach du Hch sinh thai theo qudc tich va gidi tinh.<br />
Nghidn citu Kinh teso 405 - Thang 2/2012<br />
<br />
Kit qua dilu tra nam 2010 eho thay cd eau theo<br />
quoc tich cua khach DLST qudc te nhQ hinh 2.<br />
<br />
49<br />
<br />
Phdt b-lendu iich sinh thdi...<br />
HINH 2: Cd cau k h i c h quoc te theo quoc tich<br />
di du lich sinh thai nam 2010 (%)<br />
1614 12 108-<br />
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v^<br />
<br />
^r<br />
<br />
's<br />
<br />
64<br />
? _<br />
<br />
SS-iS,<br />
<br />
r^i—Wi<br />
<br />
i<br />
<br />
C3Q<br />
<br />
.6^<br />
<br />
.
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