Vai trò quy trình ERAS trong phẫu thuật nội soi điều trị bệnh phổi

The landscape of surgical care is continuously evolving, with a growing emphasis on optimizing patient outcomes and minimizing healthcare burdens. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols represent a significant advancement in this paradigm, initially designed for colorectal surgery and now expanded to various specialties, including thoracic surgery. These multidisciplinary pathways are crucial for mitigating postoperative complications, accelerating recovery, and reducing hospital stays. Despite its proven benefits, the implementation and understanding of ERAS in specific fields, such as videothoracoscopic (VATS) lung surgery, remain areas requiring further investigation and wider adoption, particularly in emerging healthcare systems like Vietnam. This paper aims to synthesize the current understanding and highlight the pivotal role of ERAS in enhancing recovery for patients undergoing VATS lung disease treatment.

Thoracic surgeons, anesthesiologists, pulmonologists, nurses, physical therapists, hospital administrators, and medical researchers interested in surgical recovery protocols and patient care optimization for lung diseases.

This academic review thoroughly explores the critical role of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols in optimizing outcomes for patients undergoing videothoracoscopic (VATS) lung disease treatment. The paper outlines ERAS as a patient-centered, multimodal approach spanning the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases, designed to standardize care, reduce complications, shorten hospital stays, and accelerate recovery. It synthesizes recommendations from leading professional bodies, detailing key components such as preoperative education, nutritional optimization, smoking and alcohol cessation, anemia management, and pulmonary rehabilitation. During surgery, emphasis is placed on maintaining normothermia, standardized anesthesia protocols, effective postoperative nausea and vomiting control, and regional pain management strategies to limit opioid use. Postoperatively, early drain removal and aggressive patient mobilization, complemented by respiratory physiotherapy, are highlighted as crucial for rapid rehabilitation. Despite the clear advantages demonstrated in various surgical contexts, the paper identifies a notable gap in comprehensive research specifically on ERAS effectiveness within thoracic surgery and lung resection patients, particularly in Vietnam where its adoption is still in early stages. The findings underscore ERAS's substantial potential to improve clinical outcomes and reduce healthcare costs, advocating for increased education, promotion, and systematic implementation across healthcare facilities to ensure patients achieve faster and more complete recovery after VATS lung surgery.