Bài giảng Liên Hợp Quốc chuẩn nhất

Ố

Ợ LIÊN H P QU C

ố ợ Liên h p qu c ậ Thành l p: 24/10/1945 Thành viên: 193

ứ

ế

Th chi n th 2: trong 6 năm (1939 – 1945)

ườ

ế

ườ

ệ 75 tri u ng

i ch t, trong đó 40/50 tr. dân th

to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and

to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and

to promote social progress and better standards of life in

WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINED to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and

larger freedom,

Ụ

Ỉ

M C ĐÍCH, TÔN CH

To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention

and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of

acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring

about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles

of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of

international disputes or situations which might lead to a

breach of the peace;

To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and selfdetermination of peoples,

and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal

peace;

To achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian

character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human

rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to

race, sex, language, or religion; and

To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the

attainment of these common ends.

Ụ

Ỉ M C ĐÍCH, TÔN CH

ả

ả ẩ

ể

ủ

ộ

1. Duy trì Hòa bình – an ninh qu c tố ế ề 2. B o đ m nhân quy n ợ 3. Thúc đ y h p tác phát tri n ợ 4. Trung tâm h p tác, hài hòa hành đ ng c a ố các qu c gia

Ạ Ộ

Ắ

NGUYÊN T C HO T Đ NG

The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign

All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.

All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered.

equality of all its Members.

All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.

Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter; but this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement measures under Chapter Vll.

All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter, and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against which the United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action.

The Organization shall ensure that states which are not Members of the United Nations act in accordance with these Principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security.

Ạ Ộ

Ắ

NGUYÊN T C HO T Đ NG

ố ẳ ữ

ệ ự ự ụ

ệ ử ụ ấ

ộ

ỗ ợ ả ả ề ủ 1. Bình đ ng ch quy n gi a các qu c gia ệ 2. T nguy n thi n chí th c hi n các nghĩa v ự ọ ử ụ 3. Không đe d a s d ng hay s d ng vũ l c ố ế ế ả i quy t các tranh ch p qu c t 4. Hòa bình gi ệ ộ ộ ủ ệ 5. Không can thi p vào công vi c n i b c a các QG ủ 6. H tr các hành đ ng c a LHQ 7. Và b m đ m các QG không là thành viên cũng hành

ắ ủ ớ ộ ợ đ ng phù h p v i các Nguyên t c c a LHQ

ậ

THÀNH VIÊN 51 thành viên sáng l p (1945) 193 thành viên (2011nay)

Tiêu chu n thành viên Th t c k t n p thành viên (Đi u

ủ ụ ế ạ ề ẩ

Article 4 Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace loving states which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations.

The admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.

THÀNH VIÊN

Tiêu chu n thành viên: ẩ

ố ấ

ươ

ế

ậ

ng;

ự

ụ

Qu c gia yêu chu ng hòa bình; ộ Ch p nh n các nghĩa v theo Hi n ch ụ Có kh năng và s n sàng th c thi các nghĩa v đó. ẵ

ả Th t c k t n p thành viên (2 b ủ ụ ế ạ ả ộ ồ ạ ộ ồ

c):

ướ ị ế 1. H i đ ng B o an (UNSC) khuy n ngh 2. Đ i h i đ ng (UNGA) quy t đ nh

ủ ụ

ế ị ằ

UNSC và UNGA quy t đ nh b ng th t c nào??? ế ị

ệ

Vi

t Nam (1977)

22/11/1948; 29/12/1951 19/9/1952; 9/9/1957; 9/12/1958 11/8/1975: Republic of South Vietnam và Democratic

30/9/1975: Republic of South Vietnam và Democratic

Republic of Vietnam

15/11/1976: Socialist Republic of Vietnam 20/7/1977: Socialist Republic of Vietnam (UNSC Resolution

Republic of Vietnam

413)

ệ

Vi

t Nam (1977)

22/11/1948; 29/12/1951: Democratic Republic of Vietnam

(no discussion at UNSC)

19/9/1952 (B o Đ i): ộ

Ủ

ế

 ng h : 10 USSR ph quy t: “The Bao Dai government set up by the ủ French does not enjoy the support of the people. It is based on a small and wealthy upper class, some of the representatives of which are more French than Vietnam in culture and outlook. In the two years that it has been in power, this “government” has not even been able to draw up a budget and to regulate taxes.”

9/9/1957; 9/12/1958:

ệ

ầ ử

ế

ệ

t Nam ch a ti n hành b u c theo Hi p

USSR ph quy t: Vi ế ủ ị đ nh Geneva 1954

ả ạ

ệ

Vi

t Nam (1977)

11/8/1975: Republic of South Vietnam và Democratic

Ủ

ủ

ế

ắ

Ủ

ế

Republic of Vietnam  ng h : 13; ph quy t: 01 (US); phi u tr ng: 01 (Costa Rica) ộ 30/9/1975: Republic of South Vietnam và Democratic

ế ạ

ế

ồ

ỏ

US: UNSC đã không đ ng ý b phi u k t n p Hàn

Qu cố

Republic of Vietnam  ng h : 14; ph quy t: 01 (US) ủ ộ

t Nam (1977)

Vi

ệ 15/11/1976: Socialist Republic of Vietnam

ộ

Ủ

ế

US: nghi ng s s n sàng c a SRV đ th c thi các nghĩa v ụ ủ

 ng h : 14; ph quy t: 01 (US) ủ ờ ự ẵ ươ

ụ ể ế ề ể ự ọ theo Hi n ch

Vi

ướ ệ ấ ề c này có v

t Nam đã t ỹ ế ế ệ ng, c th là vi c tôn tr ng nhân quy n. ừ ố ch i cung c p thông tin mà n ấ ặ lính M ch t ho c m t tích trong chi n tranh

ồ

ậ

20/7/1977: Socialist Republic of Vietnam (UNSC Resolution 413: đ ng thu n)

ấ

ỉ ụ

ề

Đình ch t

ừ

ệ

ố

ỉ ư Thành viên ch ng l

ế ủ

ưỡ c

ế ị

ị

ủ

ế

ầ

Đình ch /tr c xu t thành viên cách thành viên (Đi u 5) ạ i các bi n pháp phòng ng a hay ng ch c a UNSC Th t c: UNSC khuy n ngh , UNGA quy t đ nh ế ủ ụ Th t c khôi ph c t ụ ư ủ ụ

cách đ y đ : UNSC quy t

đ nhị ụ

ấ

Tr c xu t thành viên (Đi u 6)

ụ

ủ ụ

ị

ụ

ư

ề

ề Thành viên liên t c vi ph m các Nguyên t c c a UN ắ ủ ạ Th t c: UNSC khuy n ngh , UNGA quy t đ nh ế ị ế ờ ượ đ

Đi u 6 ch a bao gi

c áp d ng.

ổ ứ ủ

C câu t

ch c c a UN

ơ Article 7 There are established as principal organs of the United Nations: a General Assembly, a Security Council, an Economic and Social Council, a Trusteeship Council, an International Court of Justice and a Secretariat.

Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may be

Article 8 The United Nations shall place no restrictions on the eligibility of men and women to participate in any capacity and under conditions of equality in its principal and subsidiary organs.

established in accordance with the present Charter.