Đề cương môn Chính trị và chính sách công

The document provides a comprehensive overview of fundamental concepts in public policy and state economic management within the Vietnamese context. It begins by defining key terms such as "chính sách công" (public policy), "chính trị" (politics), and the roles of political leaders and public servants in the "chu trình chính sách" (public policy cycle). A crucial aspect highlighted is the "dân chủ hóa" (democratization) of public policy, emphasizing citizen participation and its positive impact on policy effectiveness. Furthermore, the text delves into the intricacies of the "kinh tế thị trường" (market economy), acknowledging its benefits while critically examining its inherent flaws, particularly regarding "phân hóa giàu nghèo" (wealth disparity) and its socio-political consequences.

Academics, researchers, students in public administration, political science, economics, and public policy, as well as policymakers and public servants in Vietnam interested in governance and economic management.

This academic text systematically explores core principles and practices of "chính sách công" and "quản lý nhà nước về kinh tế" in Vietnam. It details the essential contributions of political leadership and public servants across all phases of the "chu trình chính sách," from formulation to evaluation, underscoring their critical role in ensuring policy feasibility and impact. The document advocates for the "dân chủ hóa" of public policy, presenting specific measures such as public feedback mechanisms, referendums, and capacity building for civil servants, alongside emphasizing the responsibility of citizens in policy implementation and oversight. Concrete examples, like the New Rural Development policy and housing initiatives for the homeless, illustrate these concepts. Transitioning to economic management, the text outlines the characteristics and inherent "khuyết tật của kinh tế thị trường" (flaws of the market economy), such as spontaneous production, monopolies, and "phân hóa giàu nghèo," linking these issues to broader social and political instability within the Vietnamese context. To mitigate these flaws, it elucidates the state's role in guiding economic development towards "phát triển kinh tế," "ổn định kinh tế," and "công bằng kinh tế." It meticulously describes the functions of state economic management, including fostering a favorable economic environment (legal, political, socio-cultural, ecological, technical) and regulating economic activities. Different "phương pháp quản lý" (management methods)—administrative, economic, and technical—are distinguished, highlighting their application and the tools utilized by the state, such as comprehensive laws, strategic plans, and "chính sách tài khóa" (fiscal policy) and "chính sách tiền tệ" (monetary policy), along with foreign economic policies. The ultimate aim is to ensure sustainable development and social equity, effectively addressing the complexities of a transitioning economy.