HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL TOURISM AT CRAFT
VILLAGES IN HANOI CITY IN THE CONTEXT OF
INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION
PhD Student Dao Thi Nhung1
Abstract: The development practices of countries around the world consistently affirm their vital
role and impact on the process of economic growth and development. In Vietnam, craft villages
are a long-standing model that has made many contributions to the economic development
in general and of Hanoi in particular. However, the current context of strong international
integration has posed new requirements and challenges for cultural tourism human resources
in craft villages across the country in general and Hanoi City in particular. Therefore, this study
focuses on analyzing the current situation of cultural tourism and human resources in craft
villages in Hanoi City. From there, we will propose some solutions to improve the quality of
cultural tourism resources in craft villages in the social scene.
Keywords: human resources, cultural tourism, craft villages, Hanoi City, international
integration.
1. IMPACTING FACTORS ON HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL
TOURISM AT CRAFT VILLAGES IN HANOI CITY IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL
INTEGRATION
1.1. World context
Fluctuations in the world in terms of economy, politics, socio-
culture, and security are both opportunities and challenges for
Vietnam, especially as Vietnam deepens its integration. Globalization is
an objective trend, forcing all countries in the process of international
integration to stand on the sidelines, so globalization also increases
1
Foreign Trade University.
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competitive pressure and interdependence between countries. Bilateral
and multilateral relations have been increasingly expanded in terms of
economic, cultural, social, and environmental activities and common
issues. In addition, the development of science and technology,
especially information and communication technology, has created
obvious changes in the way of operation and organization of work;
Global and regional economic crises also have significant impacts on
the development of human resources of all industries.
Not only that, countries also experience economic crises. The
economic crisis has brought all trade, exchange and entertainment
activities between countries around the world and in the region to a
halt. Tourism activities in general and tourism in craft villages are also
affected because of that. Therefore, we need to minimize the negative
effects of economic crises on industries in countries.
All those fluctuations in the world have a great impact on the
development of human resources in general and cultural tourism
in particular, forcing human resources in countries to improve
their qualifications, expertise and skills to take on new roles in the
new context.
1.2. Domestic context
One of the important factors that has a direct impact on the
development of industries in general and the issue of human resources
in the cultural tourism industry in craft villages, in particular, is the
general economic development of the country and the locality.
Therefore, to develop cultural tourism human resources in craft
villages, it is necessary to have good preparation in terms of facilities,
infrastructure, and learning conditions to improve qualifications,
skills, and places to practice the profession, etc. If the locality is well
prepared for the above factors, it will create a favorable environment
and conditions for human resources in the cultural tourism industry to
develop, thereby promoting the economic contribution of industries in
craft villages to the overall economy of the country. In addition, socio-
economic policies such as economic policies; education and training
policies; and policies on recruitment, employment, salary labor, social
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insurance, labor protection, etc. all have a direct impact on human
resources in general and cultural tourism human resources in craft
villages in Hanoi City in particular. The impact of these policies ensures
stable development, creates conditions for promoting positive aspects,
and encourages the efforts of artisans and human resources in the
cultural tourism industry, thereby contributing to regional and national
economic development. Finally, the factor affecting the development
of cultural tourism human resources in traditional craft villages in
Hanoi City in the context of international integration comes from the
quality of cultural tourism human resources. Decision No. 1878/QD-
TTg approving the General Plan for the construction of Hanoi Capital
to 2030 and the vision to 2050 has strived to achieve the set goal of:
“Building Hanoi Capital into a Green - Civilized - Modern” city, a dynamic
development city, efficient, highly competitive domestically, regionally
and internationally and “one of the economic, tourism, trade, and service
centers of the Asia-Pacific region”. The attention of the Government and
the State to the development of tourism in general and cultural tourism,
in particular, has affirmed that tourism is one of the key economic
sectors of each country. And the quality of tourism depends greatly on
the quality of human resources in this industry. When cultural tourism
develops, it will solve many problems for society, so the quality of the
cultural tourism industry will have a strong impact on sustainable
tourism development in particular and socio-economic development
in general. It is the dialectical impact between the development of
cultural tourism and economic and social issues.
2. THE CURRENT SITUATION OF CULTURAL TOURISM HUMAN RESOURCES IN CRAFT
VILLAGES IN HANOI CITY
2.1. Overview of craft villages in Hanoi city
Currently, there are many different conceptions about craft villages.
The first concept is that a craft village is a gathering place that can be
all the people in the village or a group of people who produce, operate,
and do business for a certain profession, which is the profession that
mainly brings income and feeds them. Thus, in addition to maintaining
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the operation of the craft village, people can do other fields and
professions to increase their income.
The second concept is that craft villages have been around for a long
time, where many human resources are concentrated such as highly
skilled artisans, who are dedicated to maintaining the traditional
profession of their families and villages. Along with the development
and progress of society, these craft villages are increasingly expanding
the scale of production to promote the products of the craft villages in
several forms such as linking with the system of businesses to support
each other in production, participating in fairs, exhibit, etc.
From the above concepts, it can be understood that a craft village is
a socio-economic institution consisting of a collection of people living
in the same administrative unit (village, hamlet), jointly carrying out
the production, exchange, trading of a particular profession, and the
income from the village’s occupation accounts for a high proportion of
the total income of the village.
Hanoi is an economic, political, cultural, and social center and an
important transportation hub. In addition, as the capital of the country,
where many important industries are concentrated, Hanoi has
abundant human resources, and cultural qualifications, and quickly
absorbs scientific and technical advances in the production of goods.
As a place with a long tradition, Hanoi is also a place of many historical
and cultural relics, has many ecological natural landscapes to develop
cultural tourism, and has the potential to develop industrial clusters of
craft villages. Infrastructure meets the production and living needs of
the people. Those resources are very favorable for economic and social
development in general and craft villages in particular.
After expanding the administrative boundaries, it can be said that
Hanoi is the place where many of the largest traditional handicraft
villages in the country converge, with hundreds of years of development
that have produced many items for consumption and export. With
1,350 craft villages, accounting for about 67% of the country’s existing
craft villages, Hanoi is proud to be a city with many handicrafts that
have made a great contribution to the overall economic development
of the country.
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According to the criteria set out in Decision No. 85/2009/QD-
UBND of the People’s Committee of Hanoi on the promulgation of
the regulation on consideration and recognition of the title of Hanoi
Traditional Craft Village, currently, Hanoi City has recognized 277
villages that meet the standards of craft villages, accounting for 20.52%
of the total number of craft villages of the city, including 244 traditional
craft villages. Specifically: “Thanh Oai district has 51 villages, Thuong
Tin has 44 villages, Phu Xuyen has 39 villages, Chuong My has 33
villages, Ung Hoa has 20 villages, Ba Vi has 14 villages, Quoc Oai has 15
villages, Hoai Duc has 12 villages, Ha Dong district has 6 villages, Phuc
Tho has 5 villages, Gia Lam has 5 villages, Son Tay town has 2 villages,
Soc Son has 2 villages, Tu Liem has 2 villages, Thanh Tri has 2 villages,
Long Bien district has 1 village, and Me Linh district has 1 village”.1
In addition to traditional craft villages that can be combined with
tourism, some craft villages in Hanoi City are also at risk of disappearing,
According to Decision No. 31/2014/QD-UBND dated August 4, 2014 of
the Hanoi City People’s Committee, there are currently 17 craft villages
combined with tourism and 21 craft villages at risk of disappearing.
Concrete:
Table 1. List of craft villages combined with tourism
(Promulgated together with Decision No. 31/2014/QD-UBND
dated August 04, 2014 of Hanoi City People’s Committee)
No Craft Village Address
1 Bat Trang ceramics Bat Trang Commune, Gia Lam District
2 Van Phuc silk weaving Van Phuc Ward, Ha Dong District
3 Ngo Ha mosaic paint Chuyen My Commune, Phu Xuyen
District
4 Du Du sculpture Thanh Thuy Commune, Thanh Oai
District
1
Pham Thuy Hoa, Master of Economics Thesis: Land Resources for the Development of
Craft Villages in Hanoi City, Academy of Politics - Ministry of National Defense, 2013