IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES OF TOUR GUIDE
AT HISTORICAL - CULTURAL RELICS IN THANH HOA PROVINCE
MA. Nguyen Thi Ha1
PhD. Nguyen Thi Thuy Ngan2
Abstract: Before the period of technological development, the development of the country, and
economic sectors, if we want to stand firm in competition and satisfy customers, the prerequisite
in the development strategy must be to maintain the following factors: including finance,
technology and human resources. This is an extremely important trio for the development of
current business activities, of which the tourism industry is no exception. In the field of tourism,
on-site tour guides play an extremely important role in connecting tourists with history and
culture, creating profound experiences, and enhancing the value of destinations and services. This
article aims to analyze and evaluate the current situation, thereby benefiting specific solutions
to improve professional knowledge, communication skills, and foreign languages for tour guides.
The goal is to create quality human resources to meet the increasing needs of tourists, while
contributing to preserving and promoting the value of historical and cultural heritage, enhancing
the image of tourism in Thanh Hoa province. on the national tour guide map.
Keywords: human resources, tourguide, Thanh Hoa.
I. MUSCLE OFFICE REASON DISCUSSION
1. Human resources
The term “human resources” has appeared since the 80s of the
20th century when there was a fundamental change in the method of
managing and using people in the labor economy. If before, employees
were considered as an executive, dependent force, needing to exploit
1
Lecturer, Faculty of Tourism, School Grand Ho Chi Minh City University of Culture.
2
Vice Dean, Faculty of Tourism, School Grand Ho Chi Minh City University of Culture.
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their labor to the maximum with minimal cost, then from the 80s up
to now, Human resources management with a new method has been
more flexible, agile, creating better conditions for workers to be able to
maximize their inherent potential through natural accumulation in the
process of labor development.
According to the United Nations concept: “Human resources are
all the knowledge, skills, experience, capacity and creativity of people
related to the development of each individual and the country”.
According to the Human Resource Economics textbook by Tran
Xuan Cau and colleagues (2008), human resources is a category used to
indicate the hidden strength of the population, the ability to mobilize
participation in the process of creating material and spiritual wealth
for society in the present as well as in the future. That strength and
ability are demonstrated through the quantity, quality and structure of
the population, especially the quantity and quality of people who are
qualified to participate in social production.
According to Nguyen Van Luu (2014), human resources are human
resources. Those resources are considered in two aspects: the origin and
the total resources of each individual. From the aspect of origin, where
the resources arise, it is easy to see that human resources lie within
each person, which is also the fundamental difference between human
resources and other resources. In the second aspect, human resources
are understood as the total resources of each individual. As a resource
of the development process of each organization, each territory,
human resources are human resources capable of creating material and
spiritual wealth for society, expressed through the quantity, quality and
certain structure of human resources at a certain time.
2. Direction guide tourist
According to the Australian Oxford Dictionary, a tour guide is
defined as someone who shows the way to others, but later research
has shown that the tour guide has a larger role, not only as a guide but
also as a consultant, mediator, educator... for tourists from before the
tour starts until the tour ends (Dictionary, 1993).
ĐÀO TẠO VÀ SỬ DỤNG NGUỒN NHÂN LỰC DU LỊCH VĂN HÓA TRONG BỐI CẢNH HỘI NHẬP QUỐC TẾ816
According to the Vietnam Tourism Law (2017): A tour guide is
understood to be a person who guides international tourists and
domestic tourists.
It can be seen that today’s tour guides are an extremely important
force that determines the success of tourism services. This is the direct
labor force in the tourism service industry, using communication skills
and in-depth knowledge to provide information to tourists about
cultural heritages, scenic spots, relics or places to visit. Tour guides are
the ones who inspire to bring great experiences to tourists throughout
the process of providing services to tourists. Tour guides can be said
to have a noble position in deciding success and this is the factor that
brings customers back to the business. They themselves are also an
important factor that greatly contributes to the success of each trip.
Tour guides are also the ones who carry out activities to help tourists
satisfy certain needs during the trip (Dinh Trung Kien, 2006).
Nowadays, improving the quality of human resources for tour
guides at the relic sites - marine culture of Thanh Hoa province is an
urgent task, not only to improve the efficiency of tourism activities but
also to preserve and promote the unique cultural values of the locality.
The implementation of effective solutions will bring many great
meanings, from preserving heritage, enhancing tourism experiences,
to developing the socio-economy and expanding the international
tourism market. This is a strategic step to help Thanh Hoa not only
affirm its position in the tourism sector but also become an attractive
and sustainable cultural - tourism destination in the future.
3. Relics calendar history literature chemical region Thanh Hoa beach
According to the provisions of Clauses 2, 3 and 4, Article 4 of the Law
on Cultural Heritage (amended and supplemented in 2009), historical
and cultural relics, scenic spots are the type of tangible cultural
heritage. Historical and cultural relics are construction works, locations
and relics, antiquities, national treasures belonging to those works and
locations with historical, cultural and scientific values.
The Thanh Hoa sea has great potential for socio-economic
development. The Thanh Hoa coastline is 102 km, spanning 6 districts,
TRAINING AND USING CULTURAL TOURISM HUMAN RESOURCES... 817
towns and cities: Nga Son, Hau Loc, Hoang Hoa, Sam Son, Quang
Xuong and Nghi Son. From the mainland, there are mountain ranges
stretching out to the sea. In the sea, there are islands and submerged
islands such as Hon Ne, Hon Me with “eighteen horse mountains”
including 18 large and small islands and Nghi Son peninsula. From the
mainland, there are 5 estuaries flowing into the sea: Lach Sung, Lach
Truong (Linh Truong), Lach Hoi (Lach Trao), Lach Ghep, Lach Bang
(Cua Tan), each estuary has its own characteristics such as: “Lach Ghep
is difficult to enter, Lach Trao is difficult to exit”. At the estuaries, where
the river flows into the sea, there are many people who work in fishing,
seafood processing and trading. The system of historical and cultural
relics in the coastal area of Thanh Hoa province has great spiritual value
for Thanh Hoa province, this is the childhood of many generations and
is the motivation for many people to overcome difficulties, study, work
and contribute to the society of the country.
According to the Thanh Hoa Radio and Television news site, as of
November 2023, Thanh Hoa province has 1,535 historical - cultural relics
and scenic spots that have been ranked and inventoried for protection.
Of these, there is 1 world heritage, 5 special national relics, 139 national
relics and 711 provincial relics. In addition to tangible culture, Thanh
Hoa also has hundreds of festivals, rituals and folk performances
preserved in all regions, of which 15 intangible cultural heritages are
included in the national list. Especially the relics worshiping the gods
of coastal residents such as: Whale Temple, Four Holy Mother Temple,
Doc Cuoc Temple, Ba Trieu Temple, Thong Thuy Ne Son King Temple,
Thanh Ba Tomb... gods representing the beliefs of coastal residents.
Thanh Hoa province’s historical and cultural sea relics play an
important role in tourism development, not only being attractive
destinations but also unique cultural symbols of Thanh land. These
relics carry stories of history and tradition, helping visitors better
understand the glorious past and cultural beauty of the locality. At the
same time, they contribute to raising awareness of national pride and
responsibility for heritage conservation. For Thanh Hoa people, relics
are also a bridge connecting with the origin, promoting sustainable
tourism economic development. Improving the quality of human
ĐÀO TẠO VÀ SỬ DỤNG NGUỒN NHÂN LỰC DU LỊCH VĂN HÓA TRONG BỐI CẢNH HỘI NHẬP QUỐC TẾ818
resources for tour guides at Thanh Hoa province’s historical and
cultural sea relics is a key factor in sustainable tourism development.
Tour guides not only convey knowledge about history and culture
but also create a deep impression on tourists. Good quality human
resources help build a professional image, increase tourist satisfaction,
contribute to preserving and promoting heritage values. Investing
in tour guide training is a way to develop tourism while preserving
cultural identity and boosting the local economy.
II. CURRENT STATUS OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR TOUR GUIDES AT CULTURAL RELIC
SITES IN THANH HOA PROVINCE
As of October 2022, Thanh Hoa province has about 47.800 workers
in the tourism industry, including 200 state management workers;
35.900 workers in tourism enterprises and more than 11.700 community
tourism workers.
Looking at the chart, it shows that the number of university and
post-graduate workers has increased steadily over the years, in 2018