NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO 001
VAI TRO CUA DAO Dl/C CONG CHl/C TRONG NEN H A NH CHINH N HA Nl/OfC
ThS LE THI HANG
1. Quan niem ve dao dire cdng chirc.
Dao diic cdng chiic (DDCC) la mdt bd phdn eua dao dure xa hdi, gdn vdi boat ddng ciia cdng chiic, chii yeu la boat ddng cdng vu nhdm thuc hien chu'c nang, nhiem vu eua cdng chiic trong qud trinh qudn ly xa hdi. Ld mdt bd phan eua dao dtic xa hdi, DDCC vira la mdt loai hinh eua dao diic nghi nghiep (DDNN) (cdng vu), vtra la dao dure ciia mdt bd phdn xa bdi (cdng chiire).
DDNN cd vai trd xa hdi lo Idn. nd khdng chi la mdt nhanh dac sde trong he ihd'ng dao diic xa hdi md cdn la mdt cap dd phdt triln dao dire tieu bilu, mdt loai dao dire da dugc thuc liln hod. Chdng ban, trong qud trinh xay dung dao dire mdi XHCN d nudc la hien nay, mdi can bd, cdng chiirc diu phdi lay yeu cuong xi cdng lac, yeu nghi nghiep, chan thanh gitr ehtr tin, lam \ iec hgp dao ly. cd hieu qua. nang suat cao, phuc x'u nhan dan. phuc vu Td qud'c vd cdng bien cbo xa hdi lam ndi dung chu yeu ciia DDNN. Dd la chuan muc DDNN ndi chung ma tai ca cdc edng chue diu phdi man theo.
Ndi den dao dire la ndi tdi luong tam. Trong hoiit ddng nghe nghiep eiia minh, cdng chirc phai cd luong tam. Luong tam nghi nghiep la bieu hien lap trung nhai eua y tbii'c dao dire, vtra la diiu bieu, vira Id thude do su trudng thdnh ciia ddi sdng diio dire ca nhan. Mdi cdng chirc, vdi tu cdch Id mdt ebu the dao dire da trudng thanh bao gid cung la mdt ngudi sdng cd luong tam va dilu dd the hien rd net nhat trong hoiit ddng nghi nghiep.
Luong tam nghi nghiep ciia cdng chu'c la y thiirc trdch nhiem ddi xdi hanh vi eua minh trong quan be nghi nghiep x'di ngudi khac, vdi xa hdi va y tbire trdch nhiem vdi sd phan ciia mgi ngudi. Id su tu phan xir vl cdc boiit ddng, cac hanh vi nghi nghiep ciia minh. Trong hoiil ddng nghe nghiep
La mdt dang eua DDNN, DDCC gdm nhu'ng quan diem, nguyen tdc, gid tri vd chuan mirc ddnh gid, dilu chinh tu ludng, hanh vi vd quan he ciia ddi ngu cdng cbirc. Trong xa hdi cd bao nhieu nghi thi cd bay nhieu DDNN. DDNN la dao dure xa hdi, the hien mdt each dac ihti, cu the trong cdc boat ddng nghi nghiep. Vdi linh each la mdt dang eua dao dire xa hdi, nd quan he chat cbe vdi dao dtic cd nban, thdng qua dao dire cd nhan de the hien. Ddng thdi, DDNN lien quan vdi boat ddng nghi vd gdn liln vdi mdt kieu quan he sdn xuat trong mdt giai doan lieh sir nhat dinh nen nd cung mang tfnh giai cap, tfnh dan tdc. Chdng ban, diio dire nghi y (y dire) itr thdi cd dai den nay deu cd nhtrng chuan muc chung, lay viec ciiu ngudi lam dieu thien, nhung ngudi thdy thude dudi cbe do XHCN ndng nhtrng gid tri dao dire dd len phu hgp vdi dao dire ciia con ngudi XHCN. DDNN mang tfnh giai cap nen quan diem vl nghe nghiep, thdi do ddi x'di nghe nghiep Irong mdi cbe do xa hdi cung khde nhau.
Hoc vien Hdnh chfnh.
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neu khdng biei tir hd then, se khdng ndng cao dugc tay nghi, trinh do chuyen mdn nghiep vu va ket qua ciia hoat ddng nghi nghiep khdng nhung khdng cd tac dting ddi vdi xa hdi ma cdn dnh hudng xau den xa hdi.
ciia mdi ca nhan. Nd trdi qua qud trinh ren luyen, phan dau ciia chii the dao diic, vugt qua nhiing edm dd vat chdi nhd nhen, fch ki va nhtrng toan tfnh tam thudng eua cudc sdng hei siic da dang, phire tap de dat tdi sir thanh cdng trong hoat ddng nghi nghiep ciia cdng chirc vi nen hanh chinh qud'c gia vd sir phdt trien ciia ddt nudc.
Nghia vii nghe nghiep va luong tdm nghe nghiep ludn ludn cd mdi quan he mat thiei vdi nhau. Nghia vu nghe nghiep la trdch nhiem ciia ngudi lam nghi trudc xa hdi va trudc ngudi khde, cdn luong tdm la sir tii phan xet, tir y thiic vl trdch nhiem dd. VI the', cd the ndi, y thiic ve nghia vii nghe nghiep la nen tdng. Id co sd de hinh thdnh luong tdm nghe nghiep ciia ngudi can bd, cdng chiic.
Dao diic cdng vii la mdt dang ciia dao dire xa hdi, bieu hien qua dao diic ciia mdi can bd, cdng chiic khi thirc thi cdng vu. Ddng thdi, dd cung la DDNN ciia mdi cd nhdn, gdp phdn hoan thien nang lire, pham chat ciia mdt con ngudi cu the. DDNN ldi tbi khdng the la mdt con ngudi cd nhan cdch tdt. Do vdy, xay dimg dao dtic edng vu Id gdp phdn nang cao va hoan thien DDNN ciia cd nhdn, xdy dung va phdt trien nhdn cdch ciia mdi cdn bd, cdng chiie. 2. Vai trd ciia diio diie edng ehirc. a. DDNN Id gid tri xd hgi. Cdng chiic gdn vdi boat ddng, quan he ciia hg, chii yeu la boat ddng thirc thi chirc nang, nhiem vu ciia Nhd nudc (cdng vu) chiem mdt vi trf quan trgng trong ddi sdng xa hdi, trong td chiic vd boat ddng eua nha nudc. Do vay, tur xua den nay, van de DDCC ludn dugc su quan tdm ciia cdc qud'c gia, ddn tdc, nha nudc; gdn vdi sir hung thinh hay suy vong eua dat nudc.
Nghia vu DDNN khdng chi Id sir ddi hdi, yeu cau ciia co quan, doan the, ciia xa hdi ddi vdi cdng chiic ma cdn la nhu cau eua sir tien bd, hodn thien nhdn cdch eua ban thdn mdi ngudi. VI the, nghia vu DDNN khdng phdi Id su ep budc tur ben ngoai ma la sir gdn bd chat ehe vdi y thiic vl le sdng, hanh phiic va triei ly sdng ciia cdng chire. Trong llnh vuc boat ddng nghi nghiep cung vay, nghia vu DDNN ddi hdi cdng chiic phdi gidi quyei mdt each hdi hod gitra Igi fch cd nhdn, Igi fch tap the, Igi fch ciia ddi ldc va Igi fch ciia todn xa hdi. Mdi budc tien bd ciia cdng chiic diu gdn liln vdi sir phdt trien eua co quan, dodn the, sir tien bd xa hdi vd sir trudng thanh vl mat nhan each cdng chiic.
Trong xa hdi hien dai, dao dure ciia ddi ngu cdng churc la mdt trong 4 ye'u to eo ban tao nen ndng lire xa hdi ciia mdt qud'c gia: su quyet tdm ciia cdc nha chfnh tri; dao dtic eua ddi ngii cdng cbiic; su mao hiem kinh doanh ciia cdc thuong nhdn; su thdnh thao tay nghi eua ngudi lao ddng.
Nhd nudc ra ddi, tdn tai va phat trien gdn vdi cdc qude gia, dan tdc vdi nhtiug gia tri, truyin thdng, tap qudn, van hod. Cdng chirc la bd phdn quan trgng edu thdnh nhd nudc va xa hdi, do vay nhting quy tdc, gid tri, chuan muc dao dtic cdng vu, cdng chiic khde nhau d cdc qude gia trong cdc ehe do chfnh tri khde nhau, Neu nghia vu phap ly la su bdt budc thi nghia vu dao dtic lai bao chira tinh edm trdch nhiem ciia cdng chiic trudc ngudi khde, trudc tap the vd xa hdi, thdi thiic, khao khdt dugc hdnh ddng vi Igi fch chung. Thuc hien nghia vu dao dire la sir tu gide, khdng bi rdng budc bdi ddng co cd nhan mang tfnh chdi vu Igi. Gido due y thiic vl nghia vii dao dtic cd tdc diing quan trgng dd'i vdi qud trinh binh thdnh nhdn cdch. Dd la su thdng nhdi ciia qua trinh nhdn thirc vd hdnh ddng thuc liln dao dure
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nhiing gid tri, chuan mirc, hanh vi dd de ddnh gid cdng chiic. nhung bao gid cung dugc xdy dirng dira tren nhtrng gid tri cdi ldi ciia qud'c gia (hay tren nen ldng triei ly eua qud'c gia).
O Viet Nam, DDCC dugc xdy dimg tren nhu'ng gid tri cdi ldi van hod, truyin thdng Viet Nam, tren nin ldng Nhd nudc la la nha nudc eua ddn, do ddn, vl dan; nhan dan la chu, cdn bd, cdng churc la cdng bde ciia ddn. Gid tri cao nhai ciia DDCC Id phuc vu nhdn dan. Dao diic thude llnh vuc tinh than ciia ddi sdng xa hdi, xet den ciing la do tdn tai xa hdi quyei dinh. Do vay. nhtrng gid tri, chudn muc dao dure ma xa hdi, nhd nudc dat ra, ddi hdi d ngudi cdng chiic vtra la kei qud vtra la yeu edu ciia sir phdt trien xa hdi. Nhtrng gid tri, chuan muc dd cd su ke thira phdt trien, cd sir thay ddi cting vdi sir thay ddi ciia xa hdi, ciia ddi sdng kinh te.
b. DDCC Id gdp phdn ndng cao DDNN vd hodn thien nhdn cdch ciia cdn bg, cong chiic.
DDCC cdn la sir ddnh gid, thira nhan ciia xa hdi vl nhiing gia tri, chudn muc dao diic ldi dep ciia cdng chiic. Nd Id kit qua CLia qud trinh tu dudng, ren luyen ciia cdng chire.
Ddi vdi ngudi cdng chirc, viec nban thiic dugc nhtrng gia tri, chuan muc dao diic Id cdn thiet, nhung chua dii, md cdn phdi ren luyen theo nhtrng gid tri. chudn muc dd dl trd thdnh nhirng gia tri, chudn mirc dao dure ciia bdn than minh.
Hdu hei nhtrng quy ldc, chuan mue, gia tri DDCC d cdc qude gia diu duge luat hod trong cdc van bdn phdp luat, lir Hien phdp, luat, van bdn dudi luat thdnh nhtrng quy tdc, chuan muc, gid tri phdp luat vl DDCC. Quy tdc, chudn muc, gia tri dao dire cdng vu, cdng cbirc va phdp luat vl dao dure cdng vu, cdng chiirc cd quan he vdi nhau nhung khdng ddng nhat. Phdp luat vl DDCC la nhtrng quy tdc, chudn muc, gid tri diio dire do nhd nudc dat ra, dugc dilu chinh bdng sire manh nhd nudc, nd la nhtrng ddi hdi ldi thieu ddi xdi hanh vi ciia cdng chirc (cbii ye'u Id nhtrng hdnh vi trong cdng vii).
DDCC la mat co bdn eua van hod cdng sd eua ngudi cdng churc. Ngudi cd hge vdn nhung thieu dao dtic khdng the dugc coi la ngudi cd van hod. Dao due cdng chiic tu bieu hien nhu la nhu'ng gid tri nhan van Idn lao trong cdng ebure, bdi vi nd nang cao con ngudi, nang cao pham gid con ngudi, kich thfeb phdt trien tinh ngudi trong con ngudi. Theo nghia dd, DDCC thuc hien churc nang gido due cho ddi ngu cdng chiic ndi rieng vd cho todn xa hdi ndi chung, nhd chiic nang nay da gdp phan tao nen lien bd dao dure ciia cdc cd nhan cdng cbirc vd cd ddi ngu cdng chiic. DDCC tao nen mdi trudng gido diic dao diic; khdng cd mdi trudng ndy thi khdng cd gido due dao dure. Nhan thirc dao dure dugc thuc hien bdng each thdng tin vd ddnh gid dao dure. Nhdn thire dao dure dem lai cho cdng chirc nhu'ng tri Ihiic vl dao dtic; nhirng tri thiic vl gid tri dao dire vd vl cdc phuong thurc tao ra nhtrng gid tri dd. Nhd cd tri thiic ndy ma timg ca nban cdng cbirc cd nilm lin vl tfnh ldi yeu, tfnh hgp ly eua diio diic cdng vu, cdng chirc. Nilm tin ndy la tiln dl de cd nhdn cdng chirc thuc hdnh theo DDCC. c. DDCC gdp phdn khai thdc tdi da tiem ndng con ngUdi trong nen cong vu.
Quy tdc, chuan muc, gid tri dao dure cdng vu, cdng cbiic cdn do xa hdi dan sir dat ra dd'i vdi ngudi cdng cbiic, dugc dilu chinh bdi du luan xa hdi vd luong tdm eua ngudi cdng chirc. Nd khdng chi la nhtrng ddi bdi ldi thieu md tir tdi thieu den tdi da hdnh vi ciia ngudi cdng chirc (ebu ye'u la hanh vi trong thuc tbi cdng vu). Gia tri. Nhd nudc ddi bdi va dat ra nhtrng gid tri, chuan muc, banb vi d;io diic ddi \di cdng chirc (vdi cd ddi ngu cdng chirc. cung nhu vdi timg cdng chiirc) va xa hdi dua vdo
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chuan muc dao diic cdng vu, cdng chiic khdng chi lien quan den hanh vi ma cd y thiic trong viec thuc hien hanh vi. Do vay, viec tudn thu nhtrng gid tri, chuan muc dao due cdng vu, cdng churc ddi hdi phdi cd sir nd lire vl y chf eua ddi ngu cdng chiic. d. DDCC gdp phdn phdng, chdng tham nhiing net tuong ddng va su khde biet gitra dao dure va ludt phdp de tir dd di tdi mdt nhdn thiic ddy dii ve mdi tuong quan mat thiei giua phdp ludt va dao dii'c cdng vu, cdng churc. Trong mdt sd trudng hgp nhdi dinh, cac nguyen tdc, chuan mirc dao dii'c truyen thdng, lanh manh, cd gid tri da dugc the ehe hod thanh ludt phdp. nhiing.
DDCC tao sure ep len y thiic dao diic ciia ca nhdn cdng chiic, budc ca nhdn phdi tiep nhdn su phe phdn ciia xa hdi va nhiing yeu edu dugc the hien trong su phe phdn dd. Do dd, nhiing gid tri, chuan muc chung eua DDCC udn ndn hanh vi ciia cd nhdn cdng chiic theo yeu edu eua xa hdi la bdo ve va tang cudng Igi fch xa hdi.
Vdi y nghia dd, DDCC la cdng cu htru hieu de ngdn chan, phdng ngira nhtrng vi pham dao dtic ciia ngudi can bd, cdng chirc, phdng ngira tham nhung, thuc hanh tiei kiem, chdng lang phi.
d. DDCC thdng nhdt quyen life trong bo mdy nhd niidc.
Phdp ludt la he thdng cac quy pham cd tinh chat bdt budc chung vd dugc thirc hien lau ddi nhdm dilu chinh cdc quan he xa hdi, do nhd nudc ban hdnh (hoac ihira nhan) the hien y chf nhd nudc va dugc nhd nudc bdo ddm thirc hien bdi cdc bien phdp id chirc, giao due, thuyei phiic, cudng cbe bdng bd may nha nudc. Phap luat la cdng cu de thuc hien quyIn lire nha nudc vd la ca sd phdp ly cho ddi sdng xa hdi cd nha nudc.
Nam 1950, trong hoan canh rai khd khan eua cudc khang chien, Chu tich Hd Chf Minh da kf Sde lenh sd 76/SL ngdy 20- 5-1950 ban hdnh Quy ehe Cdng chirc. Trong quy ehe ndy, dao dure ngudi cdng chiic da dugc khdng dinh: "cdng chiic Viet Nam phdi dem tdt ca sure lire vd tam trf, theo diing dudng ldi ciia Chinh phii va nhdm Igi fch eua nhdn dan ma lam viec... Cdng chu'c Viet Nam phdi phuc vu nhan dan, trung thanh vdi Chfnh phii, tdn trgng ki luat, cd tinh than trach nhiem vd tranh ldm nhtrng viec cd hai den thanh danh cdng chirc hay den su boat ddng ciia bg mdy nha nudc. Cdng chirc Viet Nam phai cdn, kiem, liem, chfnh, chf cdng vd tu". Co the thdy, ngay lir Quy ehe Cdng chiirc dau lien cLia Nhd nudc Viet Nam dan chu cdng hod, nhtrng gia tri dao dire tdi dep eua con ngudi ndi chung va ngudi cdn bd, cdng chiic ndi ridng da dugc the cbe hod thanh ludt phdp. Tiep luc ke thira nhtrng gid tri dd, Dilu 8 Hien phdp nam 1980, bdn Hien phdp ddu tien khi cd nudc thdng nhdt ciing di len xay dung CNXH, da quy dinh " Tai cd cdc CO quan nhd nudc vd nhan vien nha nudc phdi hei ldng, hii sire pbiic vii nhan ddn, lien he chat cbe vdi nhan dan, ldng nghe y kien va chiu su gidm sat ciia nhdn ddn, phdt huy ddn ebu xa hdi chu nghia. Nghiem cam mgi bieu hien quan lieu, bach dich, eira quyIn". Ldn ddu lien, trach nhiem eua ngudi cdng churc da dugc quy dinh trong mdt van ban cd gid tri phdp ly cao nhdi ciia Nha nudc Viet Nam. (Xem tiep trang 46). Cd the thdy, phdp luat vd dao dire diu Id cdc quy pham xa hdi cd chiic nang dilu chinh cac quan he xa hdi ndi chung vd cdc quan he xa hdi phdt sinh trong linh vuc cdng vu ndi rieng. Tuy nhien, cdc quy pham dao dire dugc bdo dam thuc hien bdng du ludn xa hdi vd khdng cd gid tri bdt budc chung nhu cdc quy pham phdp ludt, khdng dugc bdo ddm thi hdnh bdng nhd nudc. Tir sir phdn tfch dd, cd the thdy.
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bi lay nhilm HIV/AIDS.
chi dao chuyen mdn ciia ngdnh Y te'. Cd cbe do, chfnh sdeh dao tao, bdi dudng ndng cao trinh do chuydn mdn, nghiep vu, kha nang cdng tdc cho ddi ngu nhtrng ngudi true tie'p ldm cdng tdc va boat ddng phdng, chdng HIV/AIDS.
Tai lieu tham khao. 1. Bao cao trong phien hpp dac biet eua Dai hpi
d6ng Lien hpp quoc.
Tranh thii sir ung hd, giiip dd ciia cdc to chiic vd cdng ddng qud'c te cho cdc chuong trinh phdng, chd'ng HIV/AIDS. Td chiic, quan ly va sir dung hgp ly su giiip dd dd, nang cao hieu qud phdng, chd'ng HIV/AIDS d nudc ta, phdn ddu den nam 2010 dat muc tieu chien luge ciia Nha nudc dl ra la khdng ehe ti le nhilm HIV/AIDS trong cdng ddng dudi 0,3%, gidm den miic thap nhai tdc hai ciia dich ddi vdi su phdt trien kinh te- xa hdi eua dai nudcQ
2. Bao cao kei qua nghien ciru tai hpi thao "Du phong va di6u tri HIV cho nhom ngirdi tinh due dong gidi tai Viet Nam", t6 chirc tai thanh pho Ho Chf Minh ngay 15-9 den ngay 17- 9-2005.
Nhd nudc cdn tiep tiic nghien ciiu bd sung, hodn thien he Ihd'ng cbe do, chfnh sach cu the, thiei Ihuc cho viec trien khai cdc chuong trinh va gidi phdp hanh ddng trong qud trinh can thiep, hd trg, chiia tri, cham sde, nudi dudng nhiing benh nhan HIV/AIDS, dac biet dd'i vdi tre em ndi chung, tre md cdi ndi rieng da bi nhilm HIV/AIDS tai cdng ddng. Ddng thdi, Nha nudc nghien ciiu xay dung co ehe phd'i hgp chat ehe, ddng bd gitra ngdnh Y te' vdi cdc CO quan, ban nganh, chinh quyIn cdc cap, cdc doan the, id chiic xa hdi. Thuc hien xa hdi hda trong phdng, chd'ng HIV/AIDS, cd chinh sdeh khuyen khich, ddng vien va tao dilu kien tbda ddng dd'i vdi cdc thanh vien vd nhiing ngudi tham gia boat ddng true tie'p Irong phdng, chd'ng HIV/AIDS. Di ddi vdi viec nghien ciiu phdt trien cac hinh thirc edu lac bd da dugc trien khai trong thuc tiln cd hieu qud, can triln khai cdc md blnb thf diim id chiirc cdc trung tdm xa hdi chuyen trdch lo viec cham sde, nudi dudng, chtra tri va hd trg cho ngudi nhilm HIV/AIDS, dac biet dd'i vdi tre em tai cdng ddng vd khu dan cu, dudi sir hudng ddn vd
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VAI TRO CUA DAO DlJC CONG CHlJC...
1. Hpc vien Hanh chinh Quoc gia: Tiii lieu boi dudng ve qudn ly hanh ehiiiti nhd ntfde eliifung trinh chuyen vien. phan 1. tr. 91.
2. Phap lenh Can bo. cong chirc. NXB (TTQG.
phdm chdi dao diic, hge tap nang cao trinh do vd nang lire cdng tac de thuc hien tdi nhiem vu, cdng vu dugc giao". Rd rang, phdp ludt la phuong tien co ban de dilu chinh hdnh vi dao dure eua ngudi can bg, cdng chiic va thdng nhdi quyIn luc ciia Nha nudc trong cdc van bdn phap lualQ
H.2004, tr.43.
(Tie'p theo trang 42) Hien phdp nam 1992 tie'p tiic quy dinh "Cdc CO quan nha nudc, cdn bd, vien chirc nhd nudc phdi tdn trgng nhdn ddn, tan tuy phuc vu nhan dan, lien he chat cbe vdi nhan dan, ldng nghe y kien va chiu sir gidm sdt cLia nhan dan; kien quyei ddu tranh chd'ng mgi bilu hien quan lieu, hdch dich, eira quyIn, tham nhung". Dilu 2 Phdp lenh Cdn bg, cong chiic sira ddi nam 2003 da quy dinh " Can bd, cdng chirc Id cdng bgc ciia nhan dan, chiu su gidm sdt ciia nhan dan, phdi khdng ngirng ren luyen
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