NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO 001
VAI TRO CUA DAO Dl/C CONG CHl/C
TRONG NEN HANH CHINH NHA Nl/OfC
ThS LE THI HANG
1.
Quan niem ve dao dire cdng chirc.
Dao diic cdng chiic (DDCC) la mdt bd
phdn eua dao dure xa hdi, gdn vdi boat
ddng ciia cdng chiic, chii yeu la boat ddng
cdng vu nhdm thuc hien chu'c nang, nhiem
vu eua cdng chiic trong qud trinh qudn ly
xa hdi. Ld mdt bd phan eua dao dtic xa hdi,
DDCC vira la mdt loai hinh eua dao diic
nghi nghiep (DDNN) (cdng vu), vtra la
dao dure ciia mdt bd phdn xa bdi (cdng
chiire).
La mdt dang eua DDNN, DDCC gdm
nhu'ng quan diem, nguyen tdc, gid tri vd
chuan mirc ddnh gid, dilu chinh tu ludng,
hanh vi vd quan he ciia ddi ngu cdng cbirc.
Trong xa hdi cd bao nhieu nghi thi cd
bay nhieu DDNN. DDNN la dao dure xa
hdi,
the hien mdt each dac ihti, cu the
trong cdc boat ddng nghi nghiep. Vdi linh
each la mdt dang eua dao dire xa hdi, nd
quan he chat cbe vdi dao dtic cd nban,
thdng qua dao dire cd nhan de the hien.
Ddng thdi, DDNN lien quan vdi boat ddng
nghi vd gdn liln vdi mdt kieu quan he sdn
xuat trong mdt giai doan lieh sir nhat dinh
nen nd cung mang tfnh giai cap, tfnh dan
tdc.
Chdng ban, diio dire nghi y (y dire) itr
thdi cd dai den nay deu cd nhtrng chuan
muc chung, lay viec ciiu ngudi lam dieu
thien, nhung ngudi thdy thude dudi cbe do
XHCN ndng nhtrng gid tri dao dire dd len
phu hgp vdi dao dire ciia con ngudi XHCN.
DDNN mang tfnh giai cap nen quan diem
vl nghe nghiep, thdi do ddi x'di nghe nghiep
Irong mdi cbe do xa hdi cung khde nhau.
DDNN cd vai trd xa hdi lo Idn. nd
khdng chi la mdt nhanh dac sde trong he
ihd'ng dao diic xa hdi md cdn la mdt cap dd
phdt triln dao dire tieu bilu, mdt loai dao
dire da dugc thuc liln hod. Chdng ban,
trong qud trinh xay dung dao dire mdi
XHCN d nudc la hien nay, mdi can bd,
cdng chiirc diu phdi lay yeu cuong xi cdng
lac,
yeu nghi nghiep, chan thanh gitr ehtr
tin, lam \ iec hgp dao ly. cd hieu qua. nang
suat cao, phuc x'u nhan dan. phuc vu Td
qud'c vd cdng bien cbo xa hdi lam ndi dung
chu yeu ciia DDNN. Dd la chuan muc
DDNN ndi chung ma tai ca cdc edng chue
diu phdi man theo.
Ndi den dao dire la ndi tdi luong tam.
Trong hoiit ddng nghe nghiep eiia minh,
cdng chirc phai cd luong tam. Luong tam
nghi nghiep la bieu hien lap trung nhai eua
y tbii'c dao dire, vtra la diiu bieu, vira Id
thude do su trudng thdnh ciia ddi sdng diio
dire ca nhan. Mdi cdng chirc, vdi tu cdch Id
mdt ebu the dao dire da trudng thanh bao
gid cung la mdt ngudi sdng cd luong tam
va dilu dd the hien rd net nhat trong hoiit
ddng nghi nghiep.
Luong tam nghi nghiep ciia cdng chu'c
la y thiirc trdch nhiem ddi xdi hanh vi eua
minh trong quan be nghi nghiep x'di ngudi
khac,
vdi xa hdi va y tbire trdch nhiem vdi
sd phan ciia mgi ngudi. Id su tu phan xir vl
cdc boiit ddng, cac hanh vi nghi nghiep
ciia minh. Trong hoiil ddng nghe nghiep
Hoc vien Hdnh chfnh.
TAP CHi QUAN LY NHA NUOC - SO 162 (7-2009) 39
NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO DOI
neu khdng biei tir hd then, se khdng ndng
cao dugc tay nghi, trinh do chuyen mdn
nghiep vu va ket qua ciia hoat ddng nghi
nghiep khdng nhung khdng cd tac dting
ddi vdi xa hdi ma cdn dnh hudng xau den
xa hdi.
Nghia vii nghe nghiep va luong tdm
nghe nghiep ludn ludn cd mdi quan he mat
thiei vdi nhau. Nghia vu nghe nghiep la
trdch nhiem ciia ngudi lam nghi trudc xa
hdi va trudc ngudi khde, cdn luong tdm la
sir tii phan xet, tir y thiic vl trdch nhiem dd.
VI the', cd the ndi, y thiic ve nghia vii nghe
nghiep la nen tdng. Id co sd de hinh thdnh
luong tdm nghe nghiep ciia ngudi can bd,
cdng chiic.
Nghia vu DDNN khdng chi Id sir ddi
hdi,
yeu cau ciia co quan, doan the, ciia xa
hdi ddi vdi cdng chiic ma cdn la nhu cau
eua sir tien bd, hodn thien nhdn cdch eua
ban thdn mdi ngudi. VI the, nghia vu
DDNN khdng phdi Id su ep budc tur ben
ngoai ma la sir gdn bd chat ehe vdi y thiic
vl le sdng, hanh phiic va triei ly sdng ciia
cdng chire. Trong llnh vuc boat ddng nghi
nghiep cung vay, nghia vu DDNN ddi hdi
cdng chiic phdi gidi quyei mdt each hdi
hod gitra Igi fch cd nhdn, Igi fch tap the, Igi
fch ciia ddi ldc va Igi fch ciia todn xa hdi.
Mdi budc tien bd ciia cdng chiic diu gdn
liln vdi sir phdt trien eua co quan, dodn
the,
sir tien bd xa hdi vd sir trudng thanh vl
mat nhan each cdng chiic.
Neu nghia vu phap ly la su bdt budc thi
nghia vu dao dtic lai bao chira tinh edm
trdch nhiem ciia cdng chiic trudc ngudi
khde, trudc tap the vd xa hdi, thdi thiic,
khao khdt dugc hdnh ddng vi Igi fch
chung. Thuc hien nghia vu dao dire la sir tu
gide,
khdng bi rdng budc bdi ddng co cd
nhan mang tfnh chdi vu Igi. Gido due y
thiic vl nghia vii dao dtic cd tdc diing quan
trgng dd'i vdi qud trinh binh thdnh nhdn
cdch. Dd la su thdng nhdi ciia qua trinh
nhdn thirc vd hdnh ddng thuc liln dao dure
ciia mdi ca nhan. Nd trdi qua qud trinh ren
luyen, phan dau ciia chii the dao diic, vugt
qua nhiing edm dd vat chdi nhd nhen, fch
ki va nhtrng toan tfnh tam thudng eua cudc
sdng hei siic da dang, phire tap de dat tdi sir
thanh cdng trong hoat ddng nghi nghiep
ciia cdng chirc vi nen hanh chinh qud'c gia
vd sir phdt trien ciia ddt nudc.
Dao diic cdng vii la mdt dang ciia dao
dire xa hdi, bieu hien qua dao diic ciia mdi
can bd, cdng chiic khi thirc thi cdng vu.
Ddng thdi, dd cung la DDNN ciia mdi cd
nhdn, gdp phdn hoan thien nang lire, pham
chat ciia mdt con ngudi cu the. DDNN ldi
tbi khdng the la mdt con ngudi cd nhan
cdch tdt. Do vdy, xay dimg dao dtic edng
vu Id gdp phdn nang cao va hoan thien
DDNN ciia cd nhdn, xdy dung va phdt trien
nhdn cdch ciia mdi cdn bd, cdng chiie.
2.
Vai trd ciia diio diie edng ehirc.
a. DDNN Id gid tri xd hgi.
Cdng chiic gdn vdi boat ddng, quan he
ciia hg, chii yeu la boat ddng thirc thi chirc
nang, nhiem vu ciia Nhd nudc (cdng vu)
chiem mdt vi trf quan trgng trong ddi sdng
xa hdi, trong td chiic vd boat ddng eua nha
nudc.
Do vay, tur xua den nay, van de
DDCC ludn dugc su quan tdm ciia cdc
qud'c gia, ddn tdc, nha nudc; gdn vdi sir
hung thinh hay suy vong eua dat nudc.
Trong xa hdi hien dai, dao dure ciia ddi
ngu cdng churc la mdt trong 4 ye'u to eo ban
tao nen ndng lire xa hdi ciia mdt qud'c gia:
su quyet tdm ciia cdc nha chfnh tri; dao dtic
eua ddi ngii cdng cbiic; su mao hiem kinh
doanh ciia cdc thuong nhdn; su thdnh thao
tay nghi eua ngudi lao ddng.
Nhd nudc ra ddi, tdn tai va phat trien
gdn vdi cdc qude gia, dan tdc vdi nhtiug
gia tri, truyin thdng, tap qudn, van hod.
Cdng chirc la bd phdn quan trgng edu
thdnh nhd nudc va xa hdi, do vay nhting
quy tdc, gid tri, chuan muc dao dtic cdng
vu, cdng chiic khde nhau d cdc qude gia
trong cdc ehe do chfnh tri khde nhau,
40 TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NUOC - SO 162 (7-2009)
NGHIEN Cli/U -TRAO 001
nhung bao gid cung dugc xdy dirng dira
tren nhtrng gid tri cdi ldi ciia qud'c gia (hay
tren nen ldng triei ly eua qud'c gia).
O Viet Nam, DDCC dugc xdy dimg tren
nhu'ng gid tri cdi ldi van hod, truyin thdng
Viet Nam, tren nin ldng Nhd nudc la la
nha nudc eua ddn, do ddn, vl dan; nhan dan
la chu, cdn bd, cdng churc la cdng bde ciia
ddn. Gid tri cao nhai ciia DDCC Id phuc vu
nhdn dan.
b. DDCC Id gdp phdn ndng cao DDNN
vd hodn thien nhdn cdch ciia cdn bg, cong
chiic.
DDCC la mat co bdn eua van hod cdng
sd eua ngudi cdng churc. Ngudi cd hge vdn
nhung thieu dao dtic khdng the dugc coi la
ngudi cd van hod. Dao due cdng chiic tu
bieu hien nhu la nhu'ng gid tri nhan van Idn
lao trong cdng ebure, bdi vi nd nang cao
con ngudi, nang cao pham gid con ngudi,
kich thfeb phdt trien tinh ngudi trong con
ngudi. Theo nghia dd, DDCC thuc hien
churc nang gido due cho ddi ngu cdng chiic
ndi rieng vd cho todn xa hdi ndi chung,
nhd chiic nang nay da gdp phan tao nen
lien bd dao dure ciia cdc cd nhan cdng cbirc
vd cd ddi ngu cdng chiic. DDCC tao nen
mdi trudng gido diic dao diic; khdng cd
mdi trudng ndy thi khdng cd gido due dao
dure.
Nhan thirc dao dure dugc thuc hien
bdng each thdng tin vd ddnh gid dao dure.
Nhdn thire dao dure dem lai cho cdng chirc
nhu'ng tri Ihiic vl dao dtic; nhirng tri thiic
vl gid tri dao dire vd vl cdc phuong thurc
tao ra nhtrng gid tri dd. Nhd cd tri thiic ndy
ma timg ca nban cdng cbirc cd nilm lin vl
tfnh ldi yeu, tfnh hgp ly eua diio diic cdng
vu, cdng chirc. Nilm tin ndy la tiln dl de
cd nhdn cdng chirc thuc hdnh theo DDCC.
c. DDCC gdp phdn khai thdc tdi da
tiem ndng con ngUdi trong nen cong vu.
Nhd nudc ddi bdi va dat ra nhtrng gid
tri,
chuan muc, banb vi d;io diic ddi \di
cdng chirc (vdi cd ddi ngu cdng chirc. cung
nhu vdi timg cdng chiirc) va xa hdi dua vdo
nhiing gid tri, chuan mirc, hanh vi dd de
ddnh gid cdng chiic.
Dao diic thude llnh vuc tinh than ciia
ddi sdng xa hdi, xet den ciing la do tdn tai
xa hdi quyei dinh. Do vay. nhtrng gid tri,
chudn muc dao dure ma xa hdi, nhd nudc
dat ra, ddi hdi d ngudi cdng chiic vtra la kei
qud vtra la yeu edu ciia sir phdt trien xa hdi.
Nhtrng gid tri, chuan muc dd cd su ke thira
phdt trien, cd sir thay ddi cting vdi sir thay
ddi ciia xa hdi, ciia ddi sdng kinh te.
DDCC cdn la sir ddnh gid, thira nhan
ciia xa hdi vl nhiing gia tri, chudn muc dao
diic ldi dep ciia cdng chiic. Nd Id kit qua
CLia
qud trinh tu dudng, ren luyen ciia cdng
chire.
Ddi vdi ngudi cdng chirc, viec nban
thiic dugc nhtrng gia tri, chuan muc dao
diic Id cdn thiet, nhung chua dii, md cdn
phdi ren luyen theo nhtrng gid tri. chudn
muc dd dl trd thdnh nhirng gia tri, chudn
mirc dao dure ciia bdn than minh.
Hdu hei nhtrng quy ldc, chuan mue, gia
tri DDCC d cdc qude gia diu duge luat hod
trong cdc van bdn phdp luat, lir Hien phdp,
luat, van bdn dudi luat thdnh nhtrng quy
tdc,
chuan muc, gid tri phdp luat vl DDCC.
Quy tdc, chudn muc, gia tri dao dire
cdng vu, cdng cbirc va phdp luat vl dao
dure cdng vu, cdng chiirc cd quan he vdi
nhau nhung khdng ddng nhat. Phdp luat vl
DDCC la nhtrng quy tdc, chudn muc, gid
tri diio dire do nhd nudc dat ra, dugc dilu
chinh bdng sire manh nhd nudc, nd la
nhtrng ddi hdi ldi thieu ddi xdi hanh vi ciia
cdng chirc (cbii ye'u Id nhtrng hdnh vi trong
cdng vii).
Quy tdc, chuan muc, gid tri dao dure
cdng vu, cdng cbiic cdn do xa hdi dan sir
dat ra dd'i vdi ngudi cdng cbiic, dugc dilu
chinh bdi du luan xa hdi vd luong tdm eua
ngudi cdng chirc. Nd khdng chi la nhtrng
ddi bdi ldi thieu md tir tdi thieu den tdi da
hdnh vi ciia ngudi cdng chirc (ebu ye'u la
hanh vi trong thuc tbi cdng vu). Gia tri.
TAP
CHI QUAN LY NHA NUOC - SO 162 (7-2009) 41
NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO DOI
chuan muc dao diic cdng vu, cdng chiic
khdng chi lien quan den hanh vi ma cd y
thiic trong viec thuc hien hanh vi. Do vay,
viec tudn thu nhtrng gid tri, chuan muc dao
due cdng vu, cdng churc ddi hdi phdi cd sir
nd lire vl y chf eua ddi ngu cdng chiic.
d. DDCC gdp phdn phdng, chdng tham
nhiing.
DDCC tao sure ep len y thiic dao diic
ciia ca nhdn cdng chiic, budc ca nhdn phdi
tiep nhdn su phe phdn ciia xa hdi va nhiing
yeu edu dugc the hien trong su phe phdn
dd. Do dd, nhiing gid tri, chuan muc chung
eua DDCC udn ndn hanh vi ciia cd nhdn
cdng chiic theo yeu edu eua xa hdi la bdo
ve va tang cudng Igi fch xa hdi.
Vdi y nghia dd, DDCC la cdng cu htru
hieu de ngdn chan, phdng ngira nhtrng vi
pham dao dtic ciia ngudi can bd, cdng
chirc,
phdng ngira tham nhung, thuc hanh
tiei kiem, chdng lang phi.
d. DDCC thdng nhdt quyen life trong bo
mdy nhd niidc.
Phdp ludt la he thdng cac quy pham cd
tinh chat bdt budc chung vd dugc thirc hien
lau ddi nhdm dilu chinh cdc quan he xa
hdi,
do nhd nudc ban hdnh (hoac ihira
nhan) the hien y chf nhd nudc va dugc nhd
nudc bdo ddm thirc hien bdi cdc bien phdp
id chirc, giao due, thuyei phiic, cudng cbe
bdng bd may nha nudc. Phap luat la cdng
cu de thuc hien quyIn lire nha nudc vd la
ca sd phdp ly cho ddi sdng xa hdi cd nha
nudc.
Cd the thdy, phdp luat vd dao dire diu Id
cdc quy pham xa hdi cd chiic nang dilu
chinh cac quan he xa hdi ndi chung vd cdc
quan he xa hdi phdt sinh trong linh vuc
cdng vu ndi rieng. Tuy nhien, cdc quy
pham dao dire dugc bdo dam thuc hien
bdng du ludn xa hdi vd khdng cd gid tri bdt
budc chung nhu cdc quy pham phdp ludt,
khdng dugc bdo ddm thi hdnh bdng nhd
nudc.
Tir sir phdn tfch dd, cd the thdy.
nhiing net tuong ddng va su khde biet gitra
dao dure va ludt phdp de tir dd di tdi mdt
nhdn thiic ddy dii ve mdi tuong quan mat
thiei giua phdp ludt va dao dii'c cdng vu,
cdng churc. Trong mdt sd trudng hgp nhdi
dinh, cac nguyen tdc, chuan mirc dao dii'c
truyen thdng, lanh manh, cd gid tri da dugc
the ehe hod thanh ludt phdp.
Nam 1950, trong hoan canh rai khd
khan eua cudc khang chien, Chu tich Hd
Chf Minh da kf Sde lenh sd 76/SL ngdy 20-
5-1950 ban hdnh Quy ehe Cdng chirc.
Trong quy ehe ndy, dao dure ngudi cdng
chiic da dugc khdng dinh: "cdng chiic Viet
Nam phdi dem tdt ca sure lire vd tam trf,
theo diing dudng ldi ciia Chinh phii va
nhdm Igi fch eua nhdn dan ma lam viec...
Cdng chu'c Viet Nam phdi phuc vu nhan
dan, trung thanh vdi Chfnh phii, tdn trgng
ki luat, cd tinh than trach nhiem vd tranh
ldm nhtrng viec cd hai den thanh danh
cdng chirc hay den su boat ddng ciia bg
mdy nha nudc. Cdng chirc Viet Nam phai
cdn, kiem, liem, chfnh, chf cdng vd tu". Co
the thdy, ngay lir Quy ehe Cdng chiirc dau
lien cLia Nhd nudc Viet Nam dan chu cdng
hod, nhtrng gia tri dao dire tdi dep eua con
ngudi ndi chung va ngudi cdn bd, cdng
chiic ndi ridng da dugc the cbe hod thanh
ludt phdp. Tiep luc ke thira nhtrng gid tri
dd, Dilu 8 Hien phdp nam 1980, bdn Hien
phdp ddu tien khi cd nudc thdng nhdt ciing
di len xay dung CNXH, da quy dinh " Tai
cd cdc
CO
quan nhd nudc vd nhan vien nha
nudc phdi hei ldng, hii sire pbiic vii nhan
ddn, lien he chat cbe vdi nhan dan, ldng
nghe y kien va chiu su gidm sat ciia nhdn
ddn, phdt huy ddn ebu xa hdi chu nghia.
Nghiem cam mgi bieu hien quan lieu, bach
dich, eira quyIn". Ldn ddu lien, trach
nhiem eua ngudi cdng churc da dugc quy
dinh trong mdt van ban cd gid tri phdp ly
cao nhdi ciia Nha nudc Viet Nam.
(Xem tiep trang 46).
42 TAP CHi QUAN LY NHA NUOC - SO 162 (7-2009)
NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO DOI
bi lay nhilm HIV/AIDS.
Nhd nudc cdn tiep tiic nghien ciiu bd
sung, hodn thien he Ihd'ng cbe do, chfnh
sach cu the, thiei Ihuc cho viec trien khai
cdc chuong trinh va gidi phdp hanh ddng
trong qud trinh can thiep, hd trg, chiia tri,
cham sde, nudi dudng nhiing benh nhan
HIV/AIDS, dac biet dd'i vdi tre em ndi
chung, tre md cdi ndi rieng da bi nhilm
HIV/AIDS tai cdng ddng. Ddng thdi, Nha
nudc nghien ciiu xay dung co ehe phd'i hgp
chat ehe, ddng bd gitra ngdnh Y
te'
vdi cdc
CO
quan, ban nganh, chinh quyIn cdc cap,
cdc doan the, id chiic xa hdi. Thuc hien xa
hdi hda trong phdng, chd'ng HIV/AIDS, cd
chinh sdeh khuyen khich, ddng vien va tao
dilu kien tbda ddng dd'i vdi cdc thanh vien
vd nhiing ngudi tham gia boat ddng true
tie'p Irong phdng, chd'ng HIV/AIDS. Di ddi
vdi viec nghien ciiu phdt trien cac hinh
thirc edu lac bd da dugc trien khai trong
thuc tiln cd hieu qud, can triln khai cdc
md blnb thf diim id chiirc cdc trung tdm xa
hdi chuyen trdch lo viec cham sde, nudi
dudng, chtra tri va hd trg cho ngudi nhilm
HIV/AIDS, dac biet dd'i vdi tre em tai cdng
ddng vd khu dan cu, dudi sir hudng ddn vd
chi dao chuyen mdn ciia ngdnh Y te'. Cd
cbe do, chfnh sdeh dao tao, bdi dudng ndng
cao trinh do chuydn mdn, nghiep vu, kha
nang cdng tdc cho ddi ngu nhtrng ngudi
true tie'p ldm cdng tdc va boat ddng phdng,
chdng HIV/AIDS.
Tranh thii sir ung hd, giiip dd ciia cdc to
chiic vd cdng ddng qud'c te cho cdc chuong
trinh phdng, chd'ng HIV/AIDS. Td chiic,
quan ly va sir dung hgp ly su giiip dd dd,
nang cao hieu qud phdng, chd'ng
HIV/AIDS d nudc ta, phdn ddu den nam
2010 dat muc tieu chien luge ciia Nha
nudc dl ra la khdng ehe ti le nhilm
HIV/AIDS trong cdng ddng dudi 0,3%,
gidm den miic thap nhai tdc hai ciia dich
ddi vdi su phdt trien kinh te- xa hdi eua dai
nudcQ
Tai lieu tham khao.
1.
Bao cao trong phien hpp dac biet eua Dai hpi
d6ng Lien hpp quoc.
2.
Bao cao kei qua nghien ciru tai hpi thao "Du
phong va di6u tri HIV cho nhom ngirdi tinh due
dong gidi tai Viet Nam", t6 chirc tai thanh pho Ho
Chf Minh ngay 15-9 den ngay 17- 9-2005.
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VAI TRO CUA DAO DlJC CONG CHlJC...
(Tie'p theo trang 42)
Hien phdp nam 1992 tie'p tiic quy dinh
"Cdc
CO
quan nha nudc, cdn bd, vien chirc
nhd nudc phdi tdn trgng nhdn ddn, tan tuy
phuc vu nhan dan, lien he chat cbe vdi
nhan dan, ldng nghe y kien va chiu sir
gidm sdt cLia nhan dan; kien quyei ddu
tranh chd'ng mgi bilu hien quan lieu, hdch
dich, eira quyIn, tham nhung". Dilu 2
Phdp lenh Cdn bg, cong chiic sira ddi nam
2003 da quy dinh " Can bd, cdng chirc Id
cdng bgc ciia nhan dan, chiu su gidm sdt
ciia nhan dan, phdi khdng ngirng ren luyen
phdm chdi dao diic, hge tap nang cao trinh
do vd nang lire cdng tac de thuc hien tdi
nhiem vu, cdng vu dugc giao". Rd rang,
phdp ludt la phuong tien co ban de dilu
chinh hdnh vi dao dure eua ngudi can bg,
cdng chiic va thdng nhdi quyIn luc ciia
Nha nudc trong cdc van bdn phap lualQ
1.
Hpc vien Hanh chinh Quoc gia: Tiii lieu boi
dudng ve qudn ly hanh ehiiiti nhd ntfde eliifung
trinh chuyen vien. phan 1. tr. 91.
2.
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46 TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NUOC - SO 162 (7-2009)