FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY
HO CHI MINH CITY CAMPUS
---------***---------
THESIS PAPER
Subject: International Marketing
PRODUCT STANDARDIZATION STRATEGY
AND PRODUCT ADAPTATION STRATEGY
Class: K51CLC1
Advisor: Mr. Le Giang Nam
Group: 6
1. Le Ngoc Thien An 1201016003
2. Vo Tran Ngoc An 1201016006
3. Nguyen Pham Phuong Ai 1201016001
4. Phan Ngoc Chau 1201016050
5. Nguyen Thi Thien An 1201016004
6. Mai Hong Nhung 1201016383
7. Nguyen Thi Thu Thao 1201016493
8. Nguyen Thi Mai Anh1201017016
9. Doan Tat Dat 1201017053
INSTRUCTOR’S COMMENTS
...............................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................ .................................
...................................................................................................... ...................................
.................................................................................................... .....................................
.................................................................................................. .......................................
................................................................................................ .........................................
.............................................................................................. ...........................................
............................................................................................ .............................................
.......................................................................................... ...............................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................... ....................................................
................................................................................... ......................................................
................................................................................. ........................................................
............................................................................... ..........................................................
............................................................................. ............................................................
........................................................................... ..............................................................
......................................................................... ................................................................
....................................................................... ..................................................................
..................................................................... ....................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
................................................................
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
I. Definition
1. Standardization.
Standardization is an international marketing strategy in which the producers set
identical feature for their particular goods or services in domestic as well as foreign
markets.
2. Adaptation.
Product adaptation is the process of modifying an existing product so it is suitable for
different customers or markets. An adaptation strategy is particularly important for
companies that export their products because it ensures that the product meets local cultural
and regulatory requirements.
II. Comparison between Standardization and Adaptation.
Standardization Adaptation
Purposes The international market’s
characteristics: complicated and
unstable, meanwhile,
standardization offers the
administration benefit as it
simplifies the firms marketing
approach considerably.
The cost benefit: as all of the
same features are applied in its
foreign branches and subsidiaries,
this strategy help reducing the cost
in changing style, equipment,
materials, advertising,… in
comparison with adaption.
Enhance the managerial and
performance consistency: this is
very essential during the current
economic recession.
Cultural characteristics of the
foreign market: such as language,
religion and traditions have major
impact on tastes, attitudes and buying
habits of a product. Thus, to sell more
products, adaptation to the culture of
the host country is necessary.
Changes in Economic Climate: due
to matters that are out of your control.
If problems in the economy cause an
overall reduction in sales, consider
using less expensive materials or
modifying the overall design of the
product to make it more affordable for
consumers.
Government regulation: with
globalization, the degree of
government intervention in trade and
economic activities is increasing. The
rules can be light or strict on different
levels, typified by the national law,
specific trade policies, tariff and non-
tariff barriers, hygiene, environment ...
Thus, foreign products have to adapt
to follow these rules.
Advantages Cost saving due to economies of
scale: the rise in cost of
production will be increasingly
smaller than the rise in output if
products are identical.
Reduce consumers confusion:
because the company’s advertising
programs are the same in all
market, it will definitely eliminate
the consumers confusion,
especially those who travel in
different countries.
Improve the control and
planning of the firm: don’t have
Meet differences at the stage of
development, consumer differences in
tastes, needs and wants, socio cultural
differences, lifestyle, consumer
perceptions, beliefs and consumer
practices, physical environment, etc.
Psychological meaning and the
effect on the consumer: provide
decision makers with a diagnostic tool
from which strategic marketing
choices can be derived.
Local competition and competitive
practices: Adapting your product to
compete with others can stem from
to change the marketing programs
significantly, or find new suppliers
for changing materials,…
Create the worldwide
uniformity and strengthen the
brand image: provide the
customers with experience of
using new and exotic products that
they cannot find from their
domestic producers.
reactive or proactive strategies. For
example, if your competitor adds a
feature consumers want and starts
taking market share from you, you
might be left behind not to add that
same feature. If your revenues are
good enough that you can add a new
feature your competitor can’t afford in
order to take market share away from
your competitor.
Drawbacks Cultural difference: each region
has its own perception, valuation,
taste their product may be not
accepted, even though they have
shown a significant success in
home country.
Variation in government
policies: this is considered as one
of the major obstacles: different
nations has different views and
regulations, an advertising may be
viewed as creative and interesting
in one society, but their contents
may be viewed as illegal and
offensive in others.
Difference in living standard
among markets: applying the
same product for all markets,
including advanced countries and
less developed countries may not
be appropriate, because if the firm
charge the same price, citizens in
poor regions cannot afford to
them, whereas lowering price
while the cost of production
remain unchanged, the firm may
run a budget deficit.
Increase cost production: in
manufacturing, development,
packaging and gain no benefit from
economies of scale due to each
product design vary from country to
country.
Stress on Resources: Modifying a
single product or offering two versions
of the same product can put a stress on
your production, marketing and sales
departments that doesn’t justify the
decision. When you change a product,
you might need to modify your
marketing materials, production
methods, packaging, sales efforts and
shipping procedures.
Brand: Changing your product can
alter your brand or your image in the
marketplace. If you decrease the
quality of your materials to save on
production costs and make it possible
to sell at a lower price, your strategy
might backfire if your customers buy
from you because they want quality or
status. If a competitor lowers prices,
you might adapt by improving your
product -- even if it requires you to
raise prices -- consumers will come to
you for superior quality and the better
warranty you can offer.
It is noticeable that the two strategies above are opposite to each other, but they are
all efficient methods in international marketing that worth considering. It is important to
make a profound and careful decision about which tool to apply. As for our group’s task, we