VEMR
KINH NGHllM THI/C TllN MOT S6 VAN Dg PHAT
TRI^N
NGU6N NHAN
LLfC,
MOT
SO
VAN
0^
v^
PHAT
TRI^N
NGU6N NHAN
LL/C
CHAT LUONG CAO
VONG KINH
re'
TRONG
DI^M MI^N
TRUNG
QUA
PHAN
TICH SWOT
Le Quang Hiing
.X
Vimg kinh te trpng diem mien Trung
(KTTDMT) cd difn tich 27.884
km^'
chilm
8,45% difn
tich
cd nude, ddn s6 khodng
6,133
trifu ngudi (ndm 2009) chilm
7,1%
ddn sd cd nude vd dy bdo den 2025
Id
8,15
trifu ngudi. Vdi chuoi dd thj dang phdt triin
ndm trdi ddi tren 558 km bd bien, tu Hue, Dd
Ndng, Hpi An, Tam Ky, den Qudng Ngdi,
Quy Nhan, gdn vdi cdc khu kinh tl ldn nhu
Chdn Mdy - Ldng Cd, Chu Lai, Dung Quit,
Nhan Hdi, Vimg KTTDMT cd mdt vi trf
chien lupc bet sue quan trpng vl dia ly, kinh
te,
chinh tri, vdn hod vd an ninh qudc phdng;
Id
mat tien cua cd nude, tieu vimg sdng Me
Kdng vd chdu A - Thai Binh Duong. Tuy
nhien,
vifc
phdt trien ngudn nhdn lyc chdt
lupng cao phyc vy cho phdt trien kinh te - xa
hdi cua Vimg dang dung trudc nhung thdeh
thuc ldn.
Su dung phdn tich SWOT, trong bdi ndy,
tdc gid se neu rd cdc dilm manh, dilm ylu,
CO
hdi vd thach thuc trong vifc phdt triin
ngudn nhan lyc chit lugng cao cho Vimg
KTTDMT.
1.
Diem manh
- Ngudn nhan lyc vimg kinh tl trpng dilm
miin
Trung khd ddi ddo, lyc lugng lao dpng
khu vyc thdnh thi cd xu hudng tdng nhanh
cung vdi qua trinh dd thi hda. Trinh dp hpc
vin, trinh dp chuyen mdn ky thuat
ciia
lyc
lugng lao ddng khdng ngimg dugc cdi
thifn.
*
Le
Quang
Hung,
Thac
sT,
Trudrng
Cao
dSng Kinh
te
Ke
hoach
D^
NSng.
ddp
ling
ngdy cdng cao ydu ciu
ciia
thi hudng
lao dpng.
Xu
thi
chuyin djch ca ciu lao dpng
theo
hudng tfch eye, phu hgp vdi chuyin djch co
ciu kinh tl cua Vimg ciing nhu cua
cd
nude.
- Hf thong ddo tao
nghi
cd budc phat
triin. Cdc chinh sdch ve phdt trien ddo tao
nghe ngdy cdng phu hgp vdi ngudi
dude
dao
tao.
Cdng tdc qudn ly nhd nude ve ddo tao
nghi
dd dugc ciing cd, dn dinh vd phdt triin.
Dgi ngu lao ddng cd
nghi
trong cac nganh
kinh tl phdt triin nhanh, ty
If
lao ddng qua
ddo tao ngdy cdng dugc nang cao.
- Hdu bet cdc dia phuang trong
Vimg
deu
da ban hdnh nhieu chinh sdch uu dai trong
vifc
ddo tao ciing nhu thu hut, su dung nhan
lyc trinh dp cao. Diln hinh nhit
Id
nhihig
chinh sdch cd tfnh chit dpt phd cua
thdnh
pho
Dd Ndng trong nhiing ndm gin day. Yeu to
ndy, do vay, da
t?io
dilu
kifn
thudn lgi trong
vifc
thyc
hifn
myc tieu "nang cao
dan tri, dao
tao nhan lyc va boi dudng nhan tdi"
cua
vimg.
Thu
h^g
vl chi sd ddo
t?io-
lao dpng
trong chi sd
nSng lyre
canh tranh cap tinh
(PCI) cua hiu
hit
cdc dia phuang trong
khu
vyc dugc cdi thifn ro rft (Da Ndng: thii 1,
Thua thien Hul: thur 10, Binh
Dinh^21....),
trong do,
d^c
bift
phdi kl
din
Dd Ndng,
dia
phuang dan diu ca
nude
trong 2
ndm
lien
tilp cd ve thu hang PCI cfing nhu chi sd
dao
tao lao dpng trong PCI Dilu do da phan
dnh dling sy: phat triin cua lyc lugng lao
dpng cua Viing cimg nhu su
n§
luc cua
chinh
quyIn
dia phuang trong vifc nang
Q
QUAN
Lt
KINH
Tl So
43 (9+10/2011)
MOT
S6
VAN
Dg
PHAT
TRI^N
NGU6N NHAN LL/C KINH NGHIEM THUC TllN
VEMR
cao chat lugng lao dpng, ddp ung yeu cau
phdt trien kinh te xa hpi cua Viing trong
nhirng nam qua.
2.
Diem yeu
- Phin ldn dan sd vd lyc lugng lao dpng
tap trung d khu vuc ndng thdn (dan so ndng
thdn hifn nay chiem tren 67% dan so). Trinh
dp hpc vin, trinh dp chuyen mdn ky thuat
ciing nhu chit lugng cudc sdng cd sy cdch
bift
ldn giiia ndng thdn vd thanh thi, co cdu lao
ddng chua hgp ly, lao ddng d
ITnh
vyc ndng
nghifp chilm ban 50% lyc lugng lao ddng.
- Ty
If
lao ddng qua ddo tao
ciia
viing
KTTDMT chi vdo khodng
36,3%,
trong khi dd,
d Vimg kinh tl trpng dilm phia Bdc la
39,18%,
d Vimg kinh tl trpng dilm phia Nam
Id
47,74%.
Chit lugng ngudn nhdn lyc cd trinh
dp cao cua Vimg ciing rit han
chi.
Ty
If
lao
ddng cua Vimg da qua ddo tao cao ddng -
d^
hpc cung chi dat 7,5%, trong khi do, ty
If
ndy
d Vung kinh tl trpng dilm phia Bdc
Id
10,33%
vd d Vimg kinh tl trpng dilm phfa Nam la
8,75%.. Hf thong ddo tao
nghi
cdn nhd, manh
mun;
vifc
ldm chua
bin
vung,
hifu
qua
vifc
ldm chua cao; quan hf lao dpng cdn chiia
dyng nhilu bit dn; Cd
thi
khdng dinh chit
lupng ngudn nhdn lyc chua ddp
iing
yeu cdu
vd thi trudng lao ddng chua phdt triin.
Cdng tdc xay dung quy hoach, kl hoach
ddo tao ngudn nhdn luc chit lupng cao cdn
nhilu ban
chi.
Mang ludi ca sd ddo
t^o
chua
phdt triin, chi mdi tap trung d mdt sd ca sd
dao tao cdng lap va
chii
ylu tap trung d Hue
vd Dd Ndng. Quy md, ngdnh nghe, myc tieu
ddo tao chua sat vdi yeu ciu thyc tl. Chua
xdy dung dugc mdi lien
kit
ddo tao nghe
giu:a
CO
sd ddo tao vd cdc doanh
nghifp.
Ca ciu ddo tao lao ddng cdn bit hgp ly,
nhan thuc cua ngudi dan vl hpc
nghi
va lam
nghi
cham thay ddi. Da sd hpc sinh tuy biet
ndng lyc gidi han nhung vdn cd tdm ly
ngai
hpc
nghi
va cd theo dudi cdc chuang trinh
dao tao cao ban. Trong khi do, cac co sd dao
tao,
ke cd cac ca sd cdng lap, chay theo
thuang trudng nen cd tinh trang dieu kien dao
tao chua tuang ximg vdi quy md va bac dao
tao.
Ddc bift la vin de chat lugng dpi ngii
y
"i
gido vien chua ddp ung dugc yeu cau (tuyen
sinh ndm hpc
2011
trudng Dai hoc Kinh te
Da Ndng ddng cua hai nganh kinh tl chinh tri
vd thdng ke tin hpc do khdng cd thi sinh
trung
tuyIn;
Trudng Dai hpc Pham Van Ddng
(Quang Ngai) ciing thdng bao ddng cua
nganh tai chfnh ngan hang sau khi cdng bd
dilm chuin
nguyfn
vpng 1, mac du day la
ngdnh "hot" hien nay).
- Ty
If
lao ddng trong nhdm ngudn nhan
lyc cao ding, dai hpc trd len cdn thip, chua
ddp ung dupe yeu cau phat triin (ty le lao
ddng cd trinh dp cao ddng trd len so vdi tdng
sd ngudi lam viec trung binh
ciia
Vimg
chilm 7,33%). Ngudn nhan lyc hien nay
chit lugng thip, quy md doanh nghifp nhd
va ylu, nang suit lao ddng thip va hieu qua
diu tu chua cao.
- Liing tung trong
vifc
tim ra md hinh dao
tao nang cao tay
nghi
cho ngudi
lao
ddng,
nhit la lao ddng dang lam viec. Vi the, trinh
dp lao ddng van cdn thip, khdng dap ung
dugc yeu ciu nang cao nang suit lao ddng, su
dung cdng nghf cao va chuyin ddi md hinh
theo chilu sau mdt
each bin
vung. Hoat ddng
ddo tao nhdm ddn diu sy phat triin
ciia
mdt
sd nganh,
nghi
ddi hdi trinh dp chuyen mdn
cao trong tuong lai chua dugc chu y.
3.
Ctfhpi
Vj trf dia ly cua Vimg kinh tl trpng dilm
miin
Trung cd nhilu thuan lgi, dugc Nha
nude
xdc dinh
Id
viing kinh
tl
ddng lyc, diu
tdu khdng nhirng cho
miin
Trung-Tay
Nguyen md cdn la cua cd nude. Mat khde,
nhan dan trong Vimg cd truyln thdng hilu
hpc,
cd y chf vd quylt tam cao trong y chf vd
hdnh ddng nen cd nhilu ca hdi dl ddo tao
So
43 (9+10/2011) QUAN
Lt
KINH TE
gg
ICT1
KINH NGHllM THI/C TIEN
MOT
S6
VAN
Dg
PHAT
TRI^N
NGU6N
NHAN
Ll/C,„
ngudn nhan lyc vd gidi quylt vifc ldm cho
lao dpng
ciia
Viing.
- Nhd nude da diu tu
nhfi-ng
cdng trinh
ldn, trpng dilm quoc gia vd hinh thdnh nhilu
khu kinh tl, khu cdng nghifp (Chan Mdy,
Lien Chilu, Chu Lai, Dung Quit, Nhan
Hdi...) cho Vung KTTDMT. Ddy
Id
ca hpi dk
thu hut diu tu trong
nude
vd nude ngodi,
Id
CO
sd dl thu hut vd gidi quylt mpt lugng ldn
nhan lyc cd trinh dp cao ddi hdi cdc ca sd ddo
tao phdi dap ung.
- Da cd sy chuyin dich vl ca ciu kinh te
theo hudng gidm din ti trpng ndng nghifp,
tdng ti trpng cdng nghifp, djch vy dan den
thay doi ca cau
vifc
ldm vd ca cau lao dpng.
Giai doan
2011-2020,
tren thi trudng lao
ddng se cd nhung sy dich chuyin ve lao dpng
vifc ldm giiia cdc ngdnh, khu vyc kinh te,
giira cdc dia phuang, giiia ndng thdn vd thdnh
thi.
Dieu ndy ldm cho sy phdn bd ngudn lyc
lao ddng dugc hgp ly ban, mang lai lgi fch
kinh te ldn ban cho ngudi lao ddng, cho
doanh nghifp ciing nhu todn bd nen kinh te
ciia
Vimg.
- Nen kinh te tri thuc dang phdt triin,
Vimg KTTDMT cd
thi
phdt huy dugc lyc
lupng lao ddng ddi ddo tren ca sd phdt huy
the manh cua cdc trudng dai hpc ldn cua
Vimg nhu Dai hpc Da Ndng, Dai hpc
Hul...dl ddy nhanh ddo tao ngudn nhdn lyc
cd trinh dp cao vd phdt triin manh khoa hpc
cdng
nghf.
Hgp tdc qudc te vd chuyen giao cdng
nghf trong cdng tdc ddo tao, phdt triin nhan
lyc tilp tyc dugc phdt buy trong boi cdnh
todn ciu hod vd hdi nhap quoc tl. Lao dpng
trong Vimg cd nhilu ca hdi ndng cao trinh dp
chuyen mdn ky thudt, ddp ung cdc chuin myc
qudc tl khi cac hinh thuc lidn
kit
ddo tao
hoac chfnh sdch khuyin khfch cac ca sd dao
tao nude ngodi cd uy tfn ddt chi nhdnh tai mdt
so dia phuong trong Vimg dugc thyc
hifn.
4.
Thdeh
thiic
- Dilu
kifn kit
ciu ha ting cdn thilu vd
ylu. Nhiing vin dl xd hpi (nhu thu
nh$p
thip,
thit nghifp, ddi
nghdo,
mdi trudng 6
nhiem...) cdn nhilu buc xuc, ddi hdi phdi co
nhfing birt phd nhanh dk nit ngdn khodng
cdch cua ngudi ddn trong Viing so vdi cdc
viing khde trong cd nude.
Ngu6n
nhan
lire
cua Viing dang rit thilu lao
d^ng
ky thu|it
cao,
lyc
lugng
lao dpng chua qua ddo tao cdn
chilm ty trpng ldn.
Gifi-a
cdc dja phuong
trong Viing cd sy chenh
Ifch
ldn ve trinh dp
lao dpng, ca ciu lao dpng bit hgp ly dang
Id
vin dk khd khdn cho
vifc
thuc
hifn
myc tieu
phdt triin cua Vung trong dinh hudng chiln
luge
din
ndm 2020.
Th}
trudng lao dpng cua Vimg chua
phat
triin, chit lugng
ngu6n
nhan lyc chua cao,
thilu
sue
canh tranh, nen van de lao ddng
vifc
ldm de bi tdc dpng khi cd sy bat dn cua
thi trudng
thi
gidi. Cdc doanh nghifp se phdi
chiu
sue
dp canh tranh ngay cdng manh hon
trong
vifc
dk duy tri vifc ldm ddi vdi cac
doanh nghifp yeu kem, nguy ca that nghifp
Id
rat ldn. Canh tranh
lao
dpng,
vifc
ldm
tren
thi trudng lao dpng sd ngdy cdng gay
gdt hon.
Lgi the canh tranh nhu gid nhdn cdng re se
gidm din, nhfing
m^t
ylu cda lao dpng nhu
trinh dp tay
nghi,
chuyen mdn, ngoai
ngu, ky
lu$t,
tdc phong cdng nghiep va
thi
lyc se la
nhung
thdeh
thuc ldn, cin sdm dugc
cdi
thien.
Nhilu thanh pho ldn nhu Hd Ndi, thanh
pho Ho Chi Minh
Id
nhfing thi trudng lao
dpng cd sdc hip din ldn (ca hpi
vifc
ldm ldn,
muc
luang
cao), dang cd sdc hut ddi voi
ngudi lao dpng noi khac. Trong
nhilu
nam
qua, khu
vyrc
mien Tnmg la hai cung cap lao
dpng khd nhilu cho cdc thanh phd
hrdn,
din
din
tinh trang chay mdu chit xdm. Do vay,
cdc dia phuang trong Vimg can nghien cliu
cdc bifn phap dl "gifi: chan" lao ddng co
chuydn mdn ky thuat cao, lao ddng cd tay
nghi
gidi dap
iing
dugc nhu ciu nhdn luc
21
QUAN Lt KINH
Tl
So
43 (9+10/2011)
MOT s6
VAN Dg PHAT
TRI^N
NGU6N NHAN
Li;c
KINH NGHllM THI/C TIEN
VEMR
ngdy cdng ldn cua cdc khu cdng nghifp, khu
kinh te.
-
Vifc
diy nhanh toe dp diu tu cdc khu
cdng nghifp, khu kinh te md va cdc cym
cdng nghifp trong tuong lai se cd tdc dpng
chuyen dich ca cdu lao ddng - vifc lam. Nhu
ciu chuyen ddi nganh
nghi,
ddo
tao
vd ddo
r \ \
tao lai rat ldn, do vdy
can
phdi cd ngudn
nhan lyc chat lugng cao de phdt triin kinh tl
- xa hdi cua Vimg mdt cdch ben viing tao mdi
r \
trudng cho
vifc
thu hut vdn ddu tu.
Muc tieu phdt triin cua Vimg KTTDMT
la: tdc dp tdng trudng binh quan GDP hang
ndm giai doan
2011-2020
dat khodng 1,25
iin
tdc dp tdng trudng binh quan cd nude; tdng
gid tri xuit khiu binh quan diu ngudi/ ndm tu
149 USD nam 2005 len 2.530 USD ndm
2020;
tang muc ddng gdp
ciia
Vimg trong thu
ngdn sdch cua cd nude tu 4,6% nam 2005 len
7%
ndm 2020; diy nhanh tdc dp ddi mdi
cdng nghf dat bmh quan 20%/nam trong tiln
trmh hifn dai hod, ndng cao din ty
If
lao
ddng qua ddo tao, gidm vd gifi: khdng tang ty
If
lao ddng khdng cd
vifc
ldm xudng 5% vd
tilp tyc
kiim
sodt dudi muc an todn cho phep
Id
4%
din
2020, pbin diu moi nam gidi quyet
hon 60-70 nghin cho ldm vifc mdi; gidm ty le
hp
nghdo
td 15,5% ndm 2005 xudng khoang
2%
nam 2020.
Ddi hdi
Viing
KTTDMT phdi cd nhieu
gidi phdp manh vl phdt triin nguon nhan lyc
chit lupng cao ve: gido
due
va ddo tao; chfnh
sach su dung nhan lyc khoa hpc va cdng
nghf,
thu hut nhan
lyc,khoa
hpc-cdng nghe chat
lugng cao td nude ngodi; xdy dung cac trung
tam ddo tao chit lupng cao ngudn nhan lyc;
hgp tac trong
nude
va qudc te de dao tao
ngudn nhan lyc chit lugng cao; phdi hgp lien
tinh, lien vimg.../.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
• Nien giam Thdng ke cac tinh Vimg kinh
tl trpng dilm
miin
Trung, giai doan
2005-2009.
• Quy hoach phdt triin ngudn nhan lyc cdc
tinh vimg kinh tl trpng dilm
miin
Trung
den ndm 2020.
SiSiS^
43 (9+10/2011) QUAN Lt KINH Tl